The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Conuercyon of swerers

This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook.

Title: The Conuercyon of swerers

Author: Stephen Hawes

Release date: August 9, 2007 [eBook #22289]

Most recently updated: January 25, 2021

Language: English

Other information and formats: www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/22289

Credits: Produced by Louise Hope, David Starner and the Online

Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE CONUERCYON OF SWERERS ***

This e-text includes characters that will only display in UTF-8 (Unicode) file encoding:

ãẽĩõũỹ (vowel with “tilde” or overline for following m/n)

If any of these characters do not display properly—in particular, if the diacritic does not appear directly above the letter—or if the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, you may have an incompatible browser or unavailable fonts. First, make sure that the browser’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8). You may also need to change your browser’s default font.

All folio numbers except A.iii. were added by the transcriber. Verso pages are shown as ||.

Spelling and punctuation are unchanged unless otherwise noted. Possible errors are shown with mouse-hover popups. Further notes, and a thumbnail view of page A.iii.verso, are at the end of the text.

He frutefull sentẽce & the noble werkes

To our doctryne wrytẽ ĩ olde ãtyquyte

By many gret & ryght notable clerkes

Groũded on reason and hygh auctoryte

Dyde gyue vs example by good moralyte

To folowe the trace of trouth and ryght wysnes

Leuynge our synne and mortall wrechednes

By theyr wrytynge doth to vs appere

The famous actes of many a champyon

In the courte of fame renowned fayre and clere

And some endyted theyr entencyon

Cloked in coloure harde in construccyon

Specyally poetes vnder cloudy fygures

Couered the trouthe of all theyr scryptures

So hystoryagraphes all the worthy dedes

Of kynges and knyghtes dyde put in wrytynge

To be in mende for theyr memoryall medes

How sholde we now haue knowledgynge

Of thynges past / but by theyr endytynge

Wherfore we ought to prayse them doubteles

That spent theyr tyme in suche good busynes.

Amonge all other my good mayster Lydgate

The eloquent poete and monke of bury

Dyde bothe contryue and also translate

Many vertues bokes to be in memory

Touchynge the trouthe well and sentencyously

But syth that his deth was intollerable

I praye god rewarde hym in lyfe perdurable

Amonge all thynges nothynge so prouffytable

As is scyence with the sentencyous scrypture

For worldly rychesse is often transmutable

As dayly dothe appere well in vre

Þet scyens a bydeth and is moost sure

After pouerte to attayne grete rychesse

Scyens is cause of promocion doubtles

I lytell or nought expert in poetrye

Remembrynge my youth so lyght and frayle

Purpose to compyle here full breuyatly

A lytell treatyse wofull to bewayle

The cruell swerers which do god assayle

On euery syde his swete body to tere

With terryble othes as often as they swere

But all for drede plonged in neclygence

My penne dothe quake to presume to endyte

But hope at laste to recure this scyence

Exorteth me ryght hardely to wryte

To deuoyde ydlenesse by good appetyte

For ydlenesse the grete moder of synne

Euery vyce is redy to lette ynne

I with the same ryght gretely infecte

Lykely to deye tyll grace by medecyne

Recured my sekenes my payne to abiecte

Commaundynge me by her hye power deuyne

To drawe this treatyse for to enlumyne

The reders therof by penytencyall pyte

And to pardon me of theyr benygnyte

Yght myghty prỹces of euery crysten regyõ

I sende you gretynge moche hertly & grace

Right wel to gouern vpright your dominiõ

And all your lordes I greete in lyke cace

By this my lettre your hertes to enbrace

Besechynge you to prynte it in your mynde

How for your sake I toke on me mankynde

And as a lambe moost mekely dyde enclyne

To suffre the dethe for your redempcyon

And ye my kynges whiche do nowe domyne

Ouer my comons in terrestryall mancyon

By pryncely preemynence and Iuredyccyon

In your regall courtes do suffre me be rente

And my tender body with blode all besprente

Without my grace ye maye nothynge preuayle

Though ye be kynges for to mayntene your see

To be a kynge it may nothynge auayle

Buy yf my grace preserue his dygnyte

Beholde your seruauntes how they do tere me

By cruell othes now vpon euery syde

Aboute the worlde launcynge my woundes wyde

All the graces whiche I haue you shewed

Reuoule in mynde ryght ofte ententyfly

Beholde my body with blody droppes endewed

Within your realmes nowe torne so pyteously

Towsed and tugged with othes cruelly

Some my heed some myn armes and face

Some my herte do all to rente and race

They newe agayne do hange me on the rode

They tere my sydes and are nothynge dysmayde

My woundes they open and deuoure my blode

I god and man moost wofully arayde

To you complayne it maye not be denayde

Ye nowe do tug me / ye tere me at the roote

Yet I to you am chefe refuyte and boote

Wherfore ye kynges reygnynge in renowne

Refourme your seruauntes in your courte abused

To good example of euery maner towne

So that theyr othes whiche they longe haue vsed

On payne and punysshement be holly refused

Meke as a Lambe I suffre theyr grete wronge

I maye take vengeaunce thoughe I tary longe

I do forbere I wolde haue you amende

And graunte you mercy and ye wyll it take

O my swete brederne why do ye offende

Agayne to tere me whiche deyed for your sake

Lo se my kyndenes and frome synne awake

I dyde redeme you from the deuylles chayne

And spyte of me ye wyll to hym agayne

Made I not heuen the moost gloryous mansyon

In whiche I wolde be gladde to haue you in

Now come swete bretherne to myn habytacyon

Alas good brederne with your mortall synne

Why flee ye from me / to torne agayne begynne

I wrought you I bought you ye can it not denye

Yet to the deuyll ye go nowe wyllyngly

See

Me

Be

(kynde

Agayne

My payne

Reteyne

(in mynde

My swete bloode

On the roode

Dyde the good

(my broder

My face ryght red

Myn armes spred

My woundes bled

(thynke none oder

Beholde thou my syde

Wounded so ryght wyde

Bledynge sore that tyde

(all for thyn owne sake

Thus for the I smerted

Why arte þou harde herted

Be by me conuerted

(& thy swerynge aslake

Tere me nowe no more

My woundes are sore

Leue swerynge therfore

(and come to my grace

I am redy

To graunte mercy

To the truely

(for thy trespace

Come nowe nere

My frende dere

And appere

(before me

I so

In wo

Dyde go

(se se

I

Crye

Hy

(the

Vnto me dere broder my loue and my herte

Turmente me no more with thyn othes grete

Come vnto my Ioye and agayne reuerte

From the deuylles snare and his sutyl net

Beware of the worlde all aboute the set

Thy flesshe is redy by concupyscence

To burne thy herte with cursed vyolence

Thoughe these thre enmyes do sore the assayle

Vpon euery syde with daungerous iniquite

But yf thou lyst / they may nothynge preuayle

Nor yet subdue the with all theyr extremyte

To do good or yll / all is at thy lyberte

I do graunte the grace thyn enemyes to subdue

Swete broder accepte it theyr power to extue

And ye kynges and prynces of hye noblenes

With dukes and lordes of euery dygnyte

Indued with manhode wysdome and ryches

Ouer the comons hauynge the soueraynte

Correcte them whiche so do tere me

By cruell othes without repentaunce

Amende be tyme lest I take vengeaunce

Exodi vicesimo / non accipies nomen dei tui in vãnum

Vnto the man I gaue commaundement

Not to take the name of thy god vaynfully

As not to swere but at tyme conuenyent

Before a Iuge to bere recorde truely

Namynge my name with reuerence mekely

Vnto the Iuge than there in presence

By my name to gyue to the good credence

A my brederne yf that I be wrothe

It is for cause ye falsly by me swere

Ye knowe yourselfe that I am very trothe

Þet wrongfully ye do me rente and tere

ye neyther loue me nor my Iustyce fere

And yf ye dyde ye wolde full gentylly

Obeye my byddynge well and perfytely

The worldly kynges hauynge the soueraynte

ye do well obey without resystence

ye dare not take theyr names in vanyte

But with grete honoure and eke reuerence

Than my name more hye of magnyfycence

ye ought more to drede whiche am kynge of all

Bothe god and man and reygne celestyall

No erthely man loueth you so well

As I do / which mekely dyde enclyne

For to redeme you from the fendes of hell

Takynge your kynde by my godhede dyuyne

you were the fendes I dyde make you myne

For you swete bretherne I was on the rode

Gyuynge my body my herte and my blode

Than why do ye in euery maner of place

With cruell othes tere my body and herte

My sydes and woundes it is a pyteous cace

Alas swete brederne I wolde you conuerte

For to take vengeaunce ye do me coherte

From the hous of swerers shall not be absent

The plage of Iustyce to take punysshement

¶Vnde. Ecclesiastici .xxxiii. Vir multum iurans implebitur iniquitate et non discedet a domo eius plaga.

A man moche swerynge with grete iniquite

Shall be replete and from his mancyon

The plage of vengeaunce shall not cessed be

Wherefore ye brederne full of abusyon

Take ye good hede to this dyscrypcyon

Come nowe to me and axe forgyuenes

And be penytente and haue it douteles

Augustinus. Non potest male mori qui bene vixit et vix bene moritur quimale vixit.

Who in this worlde lyueth well and ryghtwysly

Sall deye well by ryght good knowlegynge

Who in this worlde lyueth yll and wrongfully

Shall hardly scape to haue good endynge

I do graunte mercy but no tyme enlongynge

Wherfore good brederne whyles that ye haue space

Amend your lyfe and come vnto my grace

My wordes my prelates vnto you do preche

For to conuerte you from your wretchednes

But lytell auaylleth you nowe for to teche

The worlde hathe cast you in such blyndnes

Lyke vnto stones your hertes hathe hardnes

That my swete wordes may not reconsyle

Your hertes harde with mortall synne so vyle

Wo worthe your hertes so planted in pryde

Wo worthe your wrath and mortall enuye

Wo worthe slouth that dothe with you abyde

Wo worthe also inmesurable glotony

Wo worthe your tedyus synne of lechery

Wo worthe you whome I gaue free wyll

Wo worthe couetyse that dothe your soulse spyll

Wo worthe shorte Ioye cause of payne eternall

Wo worthe you that be so peruerted

Wo worthe your pleasures in the synnes mortall

Wo worthe you for whome I sore smerted

Wo worthe you euer but ye be conuerted

Wo worthe you whose makynge I repente

Wo worthe your horryble synne so vyolent

Wo worthe you whiche do me forsake

Wo worthe you whiche wyllyngely offende

Wo worthe your swerynge whiche dothe not aslake

Wo worthe you whiche wyll nothynge amende

Wo worthe vyce that dothe on you attende

Wo worthe your grete vnkyndenes to me

Wo worthe your hertes withouten pyte

Wo worthe your falshode and your doublenesse

Wo worthe also your corrupte Iugement

Wo worthe delyte in worldely rychesse

Wo worthe bebate without extynguyshment

Wo worthe your wordes so moche impacyent

Wo worthe you vnto whome I dyde bote

And wo worthe you that tere me at the rote

Blessyd be ye that loue humylyte

Blessyd be ye that loue trouthe and pacyence

Blessyd be ye folowynge werkes of equyte

Blessyd be ye that loue well abstynence

Blessyd be ye vyrgyns of excellence

Blessyd be ye which loue well vertue

Blessyd be ye whiche do the worlde eschue

Blessyd be ye that heuenly Ioye do loue

Blessyd be ye in vertuous gouernaunce

Blessyd be ye whiche do pleasures reproue

Blessyd be ye that consyder my greuaunce

Blessyd be ye whiche do take repentaunce

Blessyd be ye remembrynge my passyon

Blessyd be ye makynge petycyon

Blessyd be ye folowynge my trace

Blessyd be ye louynge trybulacyon

Blessyd be ye not wyllynge to trespace

Blessyd be ye of my castycacyon

Blessyd be ye of good operacyon

Blessyd be ye vnto me ryght kynde

Blessyd be you whiche haue me in your mynde

Blessyd be ye leuynge yll company

Blessyd be ye hauntynge the vertuous

Blessyd be ye that my name magnefy

Blessyd be ye techynge the vycyous

Blessyd be ye good and relygyous

Blessyd be ye in the lyfe temperall

Whiche applye yourselfe to Ioye celestyall

The brytyll worlde ryght often transmutable

Who wyll in it his lyfe in tyme well spende

Shall Ioye attayne after inestymable

For in the worlde he must fyrst condyscende.

To take grete payne as his power wyll extende

Agaynst the worlde the flesshe and the deuyll

By my grete grace for to withstande theyr euyll

For who can be a gretter fole than he

That spendeth his tyme to hym vncertayne

For a breuyat pleasure of worldly vanyte

Than after that to haue eternall payne

Who of the worlde delyteth and is fayne

Shall after sorowe and cry ve ve

In an other worlde quante sunt tenebre

Who is wyser than he that wyll applye

In the worlde to take payne by due dylygence

After shorte payne to come to grete glorye

Whiche is eterne moost hye of excellence

Where he shall se my grete magnyfycence

With many aungelles whiche for theyr solace

Insacyately do beholde my face

Regarde no Ioye of the erthly consystory

For lyke as Phebus dothe the snowe relente

So passeth the Ioyes of the worlde transytory

Tyme renneth fast tyll worldly lyfe be spente

Consyder this in your entendemente

Blessed be they that my worde do here

And kepe it well, for they are to me dere

Therfore good brederne your hertes enclyne

To loue and drede me that am omnipotent

Bothe god and man in Ioye celestyne

Beholde my body all to torne and rente

With your spytefull othes cruell and vyolent

I loue you ye hate me ye are to harde herted

I helpe you ye tere me lo how for you I smerted

Mercy and peace dyde make an vnyte

Bytwene you and me but trouthe & ryghtwysnesse

Do nowe complayne byddynge my godheed se

How that ye breke the lege of sothfastnesse

They tell me that by Iustyce doubtelesse

I must take vengeaunce vpon you sykerly

That by your swerynge, agayne me crucefye

For at the request of good mercy and peace

I haue forborne you longe and many a daye

Þet more and more your synnes do encrease

Wherfore my Iustyce wyll no more delaye

But take vengeaunce for all your proude araye

I warne you ofte ye are nothynge the better

But ye amende my vengenaunce shall be gretter

¶ Contra iuratores christi in celo crucifigentes. per bernardũ dicit dominus. Nonne satis pro te vulneratus sum? nonne satis pro te afflictus sum? desine amplius peccare. quia magis aggrauat vulnus peccati quam vulnus lateris mei.

Am not I wounded for the suffycyent

Haue I not for the ynoughe afflyccyon

Leue more to synne by good amendement

The wounde of synne to me is more passyon

Than the wounde of my syde for thy redempcyon

Thoughe I do spare I shall you desteny

But ye amende to brenne eternally

With my blody woundes I dyde your chartre seale

Why do you tere it / why do ye breke it so

Syth it to you is the eternall heale

And the releace of euerlastynge wo

Beholde this lettre with the prynte also

Of myn owne seale by perfyte portrature

Prynte it in mynde and ye shall helthe recure

And ye kynges and lordes of renowne

Exorte your seruauntes theyr swerynge to cease

Come vnto me and cast your synne adowne

And I my vengeaunce shall truely releace

With grace and plente / I shall you encrace

And brynge you whiche reuolue inwardly

This is my complaynte to eternall glory.

AMEN.

¶The Auctour as foloweth.

¶Go lytell treatyse deuoyde of eloquence

Tremblynge for dreade to approche the maieste

Of our souereynge lord surmountynge in excellence

Put under the wynge of his benygnyte

Submyttynge the to his mercyfull pytie.

And beseche hys grace to pardon thy rudnesse

Whych of late was made to eschewe ydlenesse.

¶Thus endeth the conuersyon of swerers, made and compyled by Stephen Hawys, groome of the chambre of our souerigne lorde Kyng Henry the seuenth. Enprynted at London, in Fletestrete, at the sygne of the Sonne, by Wynken de Worde, Prynter vnto the moost excellent prynses, my lady the kynges graundame, the yere of our Lord a MCCCCCIX. the first yere of the reigne of our souerayne lord kyng Henry the VIII.

Notes on the Text

Capital U/V is shown as “V” for consistency, although the letterform is closer to “U”. Thorn Þ appears several times at the beginning of lines, and once in an abbreviation; “th” is used everywhere else. A series of lines on page A.iiii. verso, starting with “ye neyther loue me nor my Iustyce fere”, have initial lower-case “y”. The first of these may have been necessary to avoid collision with the Þ of the previous line:

In verse, nasal abbreviations such as ã and ẽ appear only in lines with large initial drop caps. Other abbreviations—mainly in the Latin passages—are shown in this e-text as superscripts: qui, christi. The word shown as þou was printed as u directly above þ: þͧ. Not all browsers can display this form correctly.

Thumbnail view of Page A.iii. verso (entire page):

*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE CONUERCYON OF SWERERS ***

Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will be renamed.

Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG™ concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you charge for an eBook, except by following the terms of the trademark license, including paying royalties for use of the Project Gutenberg trademark. If you do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the trademark license is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and research. Project Gutenberg eBooks may be modified and printed and given away—you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the trademark license, especially commercial redistribution.

START: FULL LICENSE

THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG™ LICENSE

PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK

To protect the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting the free distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work (or any other work associated in any way with the phrase “Project Gutenberg”), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project Gutenberg License available with this file or online at www.gutenberg.org/license.

Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg electronic works

1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property (trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg electronic works in your possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project Gutenberg electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.

1.B. “Project Gutenberg” is a registered trademark. It may only be used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg electronic works even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project Gutenberg electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below.

1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation (“the Foundation” or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project Gutenberg electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the United States and you are located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project Gutenberg mission of promoting free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg name associated with the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg License when you share it without charge with others.

1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project Gutenberg work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any country other than the United States.

1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:

1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg License must appear prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg work (any work on which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” appears, or with which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, copied or distributed:

This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg™ License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook.

1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg electronic work is derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase “Project Gutenberg” associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg electronic work is posted with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked to the Project Gutenberg License for all works posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.

1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg.

1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project Gutenberg License.

1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg work in a format other than “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other format used in the official version posted on the official Project Gutenberg website (www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.

1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg works unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing access to or distributing Project Gutenberg electronic works provided that:

- • You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from the use of Project Gutenberg works calculated using the method you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg trademark, but he has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in Section 4, “Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.”

- • You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg™ License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg™ works.

- • You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of receipt of the work.

- • You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free distribution of Project Gutenberg™ works.

1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the manager of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.

1.F.

1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project Gutenberg™ collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain “Defects,” such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by your equipment.

1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the “Right of Replacement or Refund” described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark, and any other party distributing a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further opportunities to fix the problem.

1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you ‘AS-IS’, WITH NO OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.

1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.

1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone providing copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg work, and (c) any Defect you cause.

Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg

Project Gutenberg is synonymous with the free distribution of electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from people in all walks of life.

Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg’s goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg collection will remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure and permanent future for Project Gutenberg and future generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at www.gutenberg.org.

Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation

The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non-profit 501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal Revenue Service. The Foundation’s EIN or federal tax identification number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state’s laws.

The Foundation’s business office is located at 41 Watchung Plaza #516, Montclair NJ 07042, USA, +1 (862) 621-9288. Email contact links and up to date contact information can be found at the Foundation’s website and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact

Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation

Project Gutenberg™ depends upon and cannot survive without widespread public support and donations to carry out its mission of increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be freely distributed in machine-readable form accessible by the widest array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations ($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt status with the IRS.

The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate.

While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who approach us with offers to donate.

International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.

Please check the Project Gutenberg web pages for current donation methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate.

Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg electronic works

Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and distributed Project Gutenberg eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.

Project Gutenberg eBooks are often created from several printed editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.

Most people start at our website which has the main PG search facility: www.gutenberg.org.

This website includes information about Project Gutenberg, including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.

Table of Contents

Notes on the Text

THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG™ LICENSE