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#2 in our series by Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. (The Physician and Poet)

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Title: The Professor at the Breakfast Table

Author: Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. (The Physician and Poet)
(Not the Jurist O. W. Holmes, Jr.)

Release Date: June, 2001 [Etext #2665]
[Yes, we are more than one year ahead of schedule]
[Most recently updated: December 6, 2001]

Edition: 11

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THE PROFESSOR AT THE BREAKFAST TABLE

by Oliver Wendell Holmes




PREFACE TO REVISED EDITION.

The reader of to-day will not forget, I trust, that it is nearly a
quarter of a century since these papers were written.  Statements
which were true then are not necessarily true now.  Thus, the speed
of the trotting horse has been so much developed that the record of
the year when the fastest time to that date was given must be very
considerably altered, as may be seen by referring to a note on page
49 of the "Autocrat."  No doubt many other statements and opinions
might be more or less modified if I were writing today instead of
having written before the war, when the world and I were both more
than a score of years younger.

These papers followed close upon the track of the "Autocrat."  They
had to endure the trial to which all second comers are subjected,
which is a formidable ordeal for the least as well as the greatest.
Paradise Regained and the Second Part of Faust are examples which are
enough to warn every one who has made a jingle fair hit with his
arrow of the danger of missing when he looses "his fellow of the
selfsame flight."

There is good reason why it should be so.  The first juice that runs
of itself from the grapes comes from the heart of the fruit, and
tastes of the pulp only; when the grapes are squeezed in the press
the flow betrays the flavor of the skin.  If there is any freshness
in the original idea of the work, if there is any individuality in
the method or style of a new author, or of an old author on a new
track, it will have lost much of its first effect when repeated.
Still, there have not been wanting readers who have preferred this
second series of papers to the first.  The new papers were more
aggressive than the earlier ones, and for that reason found a
heartier welcome in some quarters, and met with a sharper antagonism
in others.  It amuses me to look back on some of the attacks they
called forth.  Opinions which do not excite the faintest show of
temper at this time from those who do not accept them were treated as
if they were the utterances of a nihilist incendiary.  It required
the exercise of some forbearance not to recriminate.

How a stray sentence, a popular saying, the maxim of some wise man, a
line accidentally fallen upon and remembered, will sometimes help one
when he is all ready to be vexed or indignant!  One day, in the time
when I was young or youngish, I happened to open a small copy of "Tom
Jones," and glance at the title-page.  There was one of those little
engravings opposite, which bore the familiar name of "T. Uwins," as I
remember it, and under it the words "Mr. Partridge bore all this
patiently."  How many times, when, after rough usage from
ill-mannered critics, my own vocabulary of vituperation was simmering
in such a lively way that it threatened to boil and lift its lid and
so boil over, those words have calmed the small internal
effervescence!  There is very little in them and very little of them;
and so there is not much in a linchpin considered by itself, but it
often keeps a wheel from coming off and prevents what might be a
catastrophe.  The chief trouble in offering such papers as these to
the readers of to-day is that their heresies have become so familiar
among intelligent people that they have too commonplace an aspect.
All the lighthouses and land-marks of belief bear so differently from
the way in which they presented themselves when these papers were
written that it is hard to recognize that we and our fellow-
passengers are still in the same old vessel sailing the same
unfathomable sea and bound to the same as yet unseen harbor.

But after all, there is not enough theology, good or bad, in these
papers to cause them to be inscribed on the Protestant Index
Expurgatorius; and if they are medicated with a few questionable
dogmas or antidogmas, the public has become used to so much rougher
treatments, that what was once an irritant may now act as an anodyne,
and the reader may nod over pages which, when they were first
written, would have waked him into a paroxysm of protest and
denunciation.

November, 1882.






PREFACE TO THE NEW EDITION

This book is one of those which, if it lives for a number of decades,
and if it requires any Preface at all, wants a new one every ten
years.  The first Preface to a book is apt to be explanatory, perhaps
apologetic, in the expectation of attacks from various quarters.  If
the book is in some points in advance of public opinion, it is
natural that the writer should try to smooth the way to the reception
of his more or less aggressive ideas.  He wishes to convince, not to
offend,--to obtain a hearing for his thought, not to stir up angry
opposition in those who do not accept it.  There is commonly an
anxious look about a first Preface.  The author thinks he shall be
misapprehended about this or that matter, that his well-meant
expressions will probably be invidiously interpreted by those whom he
looks upon as prejudiced critics, and if he deals with living
questions that he will be attacked as a destructive by the
conservatives and reproached for his timidity by the noisier
radicals.  The first Preface, therefore, is likely to be the weakest
part of a work containing the thoughts of an honest writer.

After a time the writer has cooled down from his excitement,--has got
over his apprehensions, is pleased to find that his book is still
read, and that he must write a new Preface.  He comes smiling to his
task.  How many things have explained themselves in the ten or twenty
or thirty years since he came before his untried public in those
almost plaintive paragraphs in which he introduced himself to his
readers,--for the Preface writer, no matter how fierce a combatant he
may prove, comes on to the stage with his shield on his right arm and
his sword in his left hand.

The Professor at the Breakfast-Table came out in the "Atlantic
Monthly" and introduced itself without any formal Preface.  A quarter
of a century later the Preface of 1882, which the reader has just had
laid before him, was written.  There is no mark of worry, I think, in
that.  Old opponents had come up and shaken hands with the author
they had attacked or denounced.  Newspapers which had warned their
subscribers against him were glad to get him as a contributor to
their columns.  A great change had come over the community with
reference to their beliefs.  Christian believers were united as never
before in the feeling that, after all, their common object was to
elevate the moral and religious standard of humanity.  But within the
special compartments of the great Christian fold the marks of
division have pronounced themselves in the most unmistakable manner.
As an example we may take the lines of cleavage which have shown
themselves in the two great churches, the Congregational and the
Presbyterian, and the very distinct fissure which is manifest in the
transplanted Anglican church of this country.  Recent circumstances
have brought out the fact of the great change in the dogmatic
communities which has been going on silently but surely.  The
licensing of a missionary, the transfer of a Professor from one
department to another, the election of a Bishop,--each of these
movements furnishes evidence that there is no such thing as an air-
tight reservoir of doctrinal finalities.

The folding-doors are wide open to every Protestant to enter all the
privileged precincts and private apartments of the various exclusive
religious organizations.  We may demand the credentials of every
creed and catechise all the catechisms.  So we may discuss the
gravest questions unblamed over our morning coffee-cups or our
evening tea-cups.  There is no rest for the Protestant until he gives
up his legendary anthropology and all its dogmatic dependencies.

It is only incidentally, however, that the Professor at the
Breakfast-Table handles matters which are the subjects of religious
controversy.  The reader who is sensitive about having his fixed
beliefs dealt with as if they were open to question had better skip
the pages which look as if they would disturb his complacency.
"Faith" is the most precious of possessions, and it dislikes being
meddled with.  It means, of course, self-trust,--that is, a belief in
the value of our, own opinion of a doctrine, of a church, of a
religion, of a Being, a belief quite independent of any evidence that
we can bring to convince a jury of our fellow beings.  Its roots are
thus inextricably entangled with those of self-love and bleed as
mandrakes were said to, when pulled up as weeds.  Some persons may
even at this late day take offence at a few opinions expressed in the
following pages, but most of these passages will be read without loss
of temper by those who disagree with them, and by-and-by they may be
found too timid and conservative for intelligent readers, if they are
still read by any.

BEVERLY FARM, MASS., June 18, 1891.

O.  W.  H.






                        THE PROFESSOR

                           AT THE
                       BREAKFAST-TABLE.


          What he said, what he heard, and what he saw.




I

I intended to have signalized my first appearance by a certain large
statement, which I flatter myself is the nearest approach to a
universal formula, of life yet promulgated at this breakfast-table.
It would have had a grand effect.  For this purpose I fixed my eyes
on a certain divinity-student, with the intention of exchanging a few
phrases, and then forcing my court-card, namely, The great end of
being.--I will thank you for the sugar,--I said.--Man is a
dependent creature.

It is a small favor to ask,--said the divinity-student,--and passed
the sugar to me.

--Life is a great bundle of little things,--I said.

The divinity-student smiled, as if that were the concluding epigram
of the sugar question.

You smile,--I said.--Perhaps life seems to you a little bundle of
great things?

The divinity-student started a laugh, but suddenly reined it back
with a pull, as one throws a horse on his haunches.--Life is a great
bundle of great things,--he said.

(NOW, THEN!)  The great end of being, after all, is....

Hold on!--said my neighbor, a young fellow whose name seems to be
John, and nothing else,--for that is what they all call him,--hold
on! the Sculpin is go'n' to say somethin'.

Now the Sculpin (Cottus Virginianus) is a little water-beast which
pretends to consider itself a fish, and, under that pretext, hangs
about the piles upon which West-Boston Bridge is built, swallowing
the bait and hook intended for flounders.  On being drawn from the
water, it exposes an immense head, a diminutive bony carcass, and a
surface so full of spines, ridges, ruffles, and frills, that the
naturalists have not been able to count them without quarrelling
about the number, and that the colored youth, whose sport they spoil,
do not like to touch them, and especially to tread on them, unless
they happen to have shoes on, to cover the thick white soles of their
broad black feet.

When, therefore, I heard the young fellow's exclamation, I looked
round the table with curiosity to see what it meant.  At the further
end of it I saw a head, and a--a small portion of a little deformed
body, mounted on a high chair, which brought the occupant up to a
fair level enough for him to get at his food.  His whole appearance
was so grotesque, I felt for a minute as if there was a showman
behind him who would pull him down presently and put up Judy, or the
hangman, or the Devil, or some other wooden personage of the famous
spectacle.  I contrived to lose the first of his sentence, but what I
heard began so:

--by the Frog-Pond, when there were frogs in and the folks used to
come down from the tents on section and Independence days with their
pails to get water to make egg-pop with.  Born in Boston; went to
school in Boston as long as the boys would let me.--The little man
groaned, turned, as if to look around, and went on.--Ran away from
school one day to see Phillips hung for killing Denegri with a
logger-head.  That was in flip days, when there were always two three
loggerheads in the fire.  I'm a Boston boy, I tell you,--born at
North End, and mean to be buried on Copp's Hill, with the good old
underground people,--the Worthylakes, and the rest of 'em.  Yes,--up
on the old hill, where they buried Captain Daniel Malcolm in a stone
grave, ten feet deep, to keep him safe from the red-coats, in those
old times when the world was frozen up tight and there was n't but
one spot open, and that was right over Faneuil all,--and black enough
it looked, I tell you!  There 's where my bones shall lie, Sir, and
rattle away when the big guns go off at the Navy Yard opposite!  You
can't make me ashamed of the old place!  Full crooked little
streets;--I was born and used to run round in one of 'em--

--I should think so,--said that young man whom I hear them call
"John,"--softly, not meaning to be heard, nor to be cruel, but
thinking in a half-whisper, evidently.--I should think so; and got
kinked up, turnin' so many corners.--The little man did not hear
what was said, but went on,--

--full of crooked little streets; but I tell you Boston has opened,
and kept open, more turnpikes that lead straight to free thought and
free speech and free deeds than any other city of live men or dead
men,--I don't care how broad their streets are, nor how high their
steeples!

--How high is Bosting meet'n'-house?--said a person with black
whiskers and imperial, a velvet waistcoat, a guard-chain rather too
massive, and a diamond pin so very large that the most trusting
nature might confess an inward suggestion,--of course, nothing
amounting to a suspicion.  For this is a gentleman from a great city,
and sits next to the landlady's daughter, who evidently believes in
him, and is the object of his especial attention.

How high?--said the little man.--As high as the first step of the
stairs that lead to the New Jerusalem.  Is n't that high enough?

It is,--I said.--The great end of being is to harmonize man with the
order of things, and the church has been a good pitch-pipe, and may
be so still.  But who shall tune the pitch-pipe?  Quis cus-(On the
whole, as this quotation was not entirely new, and, being in a
foreign language, might not be familiar to all the boarders, I
thought I would not finish it.)

--Go to the Bible!--said a sharp voice from a sharp-faced, sharp-
eyed, sharp-elbowed, strenuous-looking woman in a black dress,
appearing as if it began as a piece of mourning and perpetuated
itself as a bit of economy.

You speak well, Madam,--I said;--yet there is room for a gloss or
commentary on what you say.  "He who would bring back the wealth of
the Indies must carry out the wealth of the Indies."  What you bring
away from the Bible depends to some extent on what you carry to it.-
Benjamin Franklin!  Be so good as to step up to my chamber and bring
me down the small uncovered pamphlet of twenty pages which you will
find lying under the "Cruden's Concordance." [The boy took a large
bite, which left a very perfect crescent in the slice of bread-and-
butter he held, and departed on his errand, with the portable
fraction of his breakfast to sustain him on the way.]

--Here it is.  "Go to the Bible.  A Dissertation, etc., etc.  By J.
J. Flournoy.  Athens, Georgia, 1858."

Mr. Flournoy, Madam, has obeyed the precept which you have
judiciously delivered.  You may be interested, Madam, to know what
are the conclusions at which Mr. J. J. Flournoy of Athens, Georgia,
has arrived.  You shall hear, Madam.  He has gone to the Bible, and
he has come back from the Bible, bringing a remedy for existing
social evils, which, if it is the real specific, as it professes to
be, is of great interest to humanity, and to the female part of
humanity in particular.  It is what he calls TRIGAMY, Madam, or the
marrying of three wives, so that "good old men" may be solaced at
once by the companionship of the wisdom of maturity, and of those
less perfected but hardly less engaging qualities which are found at
an earlier period of life.  He has followed your precept, Madam; I
hope you accept his conclusions.

The female boarder in black attire looked so puzzled, and, in fact,
"all abroad," after the delivery of this "counter" of mine, that I
left her to recover her wits, and went on with the conversation,
which I was beginning to get pretty well in hand.

But in the mean time I kept my eye on the female boarder to see what
effect I had produced.  First, she was a little stunned at having her
argument knocked over.  Secondly, she was a little shocked at the
tremendous character of the triple matrimonial suggestion.  Thirdly.
--I don't like to say what I thought.  Something seemed to have
pleased her fancy.  Whether it was, that, if trigamy should come into
fashion, there would be three times as many chances to enjoy the
luxury of saying, "No!" is more than I, can tell you.  I may as well
mention that B. F. came to me after breakfast to borrow the pamphlet
for "a lady,"--one of the boarders, he said,--looking as if he had a
secret he wished to be relieved of.

--I continued.--If a human soul is necessarily to be trained up in
the faith of those from whom it inherits its body, why, there is the
end of all reason.  If, sooner or later, every soul is to look for
truth with its own eyes, the first thing is to recognize that no
presumption in favor of any particular belief arises from the fact of
our inheriting it.  Otherwise you would not give the Mahometan a fair
chance to become a convert to a better religion.

The second thing would be to depolarize every fixed religious idea in
the mind by changing the word which stands for it.

--I don't know what you mean by "depolarizing" an idea,--said the
divinity-student.

I will tell you,--I said.---When a given symbol which represents a
thought has lain for a certain length of time in the mind, it
undergoes a change like that which rest in a certain position gives
to iron.  It becomes magnetic in its relations,--it is traversed by
strange forces which did not belong to it.  The word, and
consequently the idea it represents, is polarized.

The religious currency of mankind, in thought, in speech, and in
print, consists entirely of polarized words.  Borrow one of these
from another language and religion, and you will find it leaves all
its magnetism behind it.  Take that famous word, O'm, of the Hindoo
mythology.  Even a priest cannot pronounce it without sin; and a holy
Pundit would shut his ears and run away from you in horror, if you
should say it aloud.  What do you care for O'm?  If you wanted to get
the Pundit to look at his religion fairly, you must first depolarize
this and all similar words for him.  The argument for and against new
translations of the Bible really turns on this.  Skepticism is afraid
to trust its truths in depolarized words, and so cries out against a
new translation.  I think, myself, if every idea our Book contains
could be shelled out of its old symbol and put into a new, clean,
unmagnetic word, we should have some chance of reading it as
philosophers, or wisdom-lovers, ought to read it,--which we do not
and cannot now any more than a Hindoo can read the "Gayatri" as a
fair man and lover of truth should do.  When society has once fairly
dissolved the New Testament, which it never has done yet, it will
perhaps crystallize it over again in new forms of language.

I did n't know you was a settled minister over this parish,--said the
young fellow near me.

A sermon by a lay-preacher may be worth listening--I replied, calmly.
--It gives the parallax of thought and feeling as they appear to the
observers from two very different points of view.  If you wish to get
the distance of a heavenly body, you know that you must take two
observations from remote points of the earth's orbit,--in midsummer
and midwinter, for instance.  To get the parallax of heavenly truths,
you must take an observation from the position of the laity as well
as of the clergy.  Teachers and students of theology get a certain
look, certain conventional tones of voice, a clerical gait, a
professional neckcloth, and habits of mind as professional as their
externals.  They are scholarly men and read Bacon, and know well
enough what the "idols of the tribe" are.  Of course they have their
false gods, as all men that follow one exclusive calling are prone to
do.--The clergy have played the part of the flywheel in our modern
civilization.  They have never suffered it to stop.  They have often
carried on its movement, when other moving powers failed, by the
momentum stored in their vast body.  Sometimes, too, they have kept
it back by their vis inertia, when its wheels were like to grind the
bones of some old canonized error into fertilizers for the soil that
yields the bread of life.  But the mainspring of the world's onward
religious movement is not in them, nor in any one body of men, let me
tell you.  It is the people that makes the clergy, and not the clergy
that makes the people.  Of course, the profession reacts on its
source with variable energy.--But there never was a guild of dealers
or a company of craftsmen that did not need sharp looking after.

Our old friend, Dr. Holyoke, whom we gave the dinner to some time
since, must have known many people that saw the great bonfire in
Harvard College yard.

--Bonfire?--shrieked the little man.--The bonfire when Robert
Calef's book was burned?

The same,--I said,--when Robert Calef the Boston merchant's book was
burned in the yard of Harvard College, by order of Increase Mather,
President of the College and Minister of the Gospel.  You remember
the old witchcraft revival of '92, and how stout Master Robert Calef,
trader of Boston, had the pluck to tell the ministers and judges what
a set of fools and worse than fools they were-

Remember it?--said the little man.--I don't think I shall forget it,
as long as I can stretch this forefinger to point with, and see what
it wears.  There was a ring on it.

May I look at it?--I said.

Where it is,--said the little man;--it will never come off, till it
falls off from the bone in the darkness and in the dust.

He pushed the high chair on which he sat slightly back from the
table, and dropped himself, standing, to the floor,--his head being
only a little above the level of the table, as he stood.  With pain
and labor, lifting one foot over the other, as a drummer handles his
sticks, he took a few steps from his place,--his motions and the
deadbeat of the misshapen boots announcing to my practised eye and
ear the malformation which is called in learned language talipes
varus, or inverted club-foot.

Stop!  stop!--I said,--let me come to you.

The little man hobbled back, and lifted himself by the left arm, with
an ease approaching to grace which surprised me, into his high chair.
I walked to his side, and he stretched out the forefinger of his
right hand, with the ring upon it.  The ring had been put on long
ago, and could not pass the misshapen joint.  It was one of those
funeral rings which used to be given to relatives and friends after
the decease of persons of any note or importance.  Beneath a round
fit of glass was a death's head.  Engraved on one side of this, "L.
B.  AEt.  22,"--on the other, "Ob. 1692"

My grandmother's grandmother,--said the little man.--Hanged for a
witch.  It does n't seem a great while ago.  I knew my grandmother,
and loved her.  Her mother was daughter to the witch that Chief
Justice Sewall hanged and Cotton Mather delivered over to the Devil.-
-That was Salem, though, and not Boston.  No, not Boston.  Robert
Calef, the Boston merchant, it was that blew them all to-

Never mind where he blew them to,--I said; for the little man was
getting red in the face, and I did n't know what might come next.

This episode broke me up, as the jockeys say, out of my square
conversational trot; but I settled down to it again.

--A man that knows men, in the street, at their work, human nature in
its shirt-sleeves, who makes bargains with deacons, instead of
talking over texts with them, a man who has found out that there are
plenty of praying rogues and swearing saints in the world,--above
all, who has found out, by living into the pith and core of life,
that all of the Deity which can be folded up between the sheets of
any human book is to the Deity of the firmament, of the strata, of
the hot aortic flood of throbbing human life, of this infinite,
instantaneous consciousness in which the soul's being consists,--an
incandescent point in the filament connecting the negative pole of a
past eternity with the positive pole of an eternity that is to come,-
-that all of the Deity which any human book can hold is to this
larger Deity of the working battery of the universe only as the films
in a book of gold-leaf are to the broad seams and curdled lumps of
ore that lie in unsunned mines and virgin placers,--Oh!--I was saying
that a man who lives out-of-doors, among live people, gets some
things into his head he might not find in the index of his "Body of
Divinity."

I tell you what,--the idea of the professions' digging a moat round
their close corporations, like that Japanese one at Jeddo, on the
bottom of which, if travellers do not lie, you could put Park Street
Church and look over the vane from its side, and try to stretch
another such spire across it without spanning the chasm,--that idea,
I say, is pretty nearly worn out.  Now when a civilization or a
civilized custom falls into senile dementia, there is commonly a
judgment ripe for it, and it comes as plagues come, from a breath,--
as fires come, from a spark.

Here, look at medicine.  Big wigs, gold-headed canes, Latin
prescriptions, shops full of abominations, recipes a yard long,
"curing" patients by drugging as sailors bring a wind by whistling,
selling lies at a guinea apiece,--a routine, in short, of giving
unfortunate sick people a mess of things either too odious to swallow
or too acrid to hold, or, if that were possible, both at once.

--You don't know what I mean, indignant and not unintelligent
country-practitioner?  Then you don't know the history of medicine,--
and that is not my fault.  But don't expose yourself in any outbreak
of eloquence; for, by the mortar in which Anaxarchus was pounded!  I
did not bring home Schenckius and Forestus and Hildanus, and all the
old folios in calf and vellum I will show you, to be bullied by the
proprietor, of a "Wood and Bache," and a shelf of peppered sheepskin
reprints by Philadelphia Editors.  Besides, many of the profession
and I know a little something of each other, and you don't think I am
such a simpleton as to lose their good opinion by saying what the
better heads among them would condemn as unfair and untrue?  Now mark
how the great plague came on the generation of drugging doctors, and
in what form it fell.

A scheming drug-vender, (inventive genius,) an utterly untrustworthy
and incompetent observer, (profound searcher of Nature,) a shallow
dabbler in erudition, (sagacious scholar,) started the monstrous
fiction (founded the immortal system) of Homoeopathy.  I am very
fair, you see,---you can help yourself to either of these sets of
phrases.

All the reason in the world would not have had so rapid and general
an effect on the public mind to disabuse it of the idea that a drug
is a good thing in itself, instead of being, as it is, a bad thing,
as was produced by the trick (system) of this German charlatan
(theorist).  Not that the wiser part of the profession needed him to
teach them; but the routinists and their employers, the "general
practitioners," who lived by selling pills and mixtures, and their
drug-consuming customers, had to recognize that people could get
well, unpoisoned.  These dumb cattle would not learn it of
themselves, and so the murrain of Homoeopathy fell on them.

--You don't know what plague has fallen on the practitioners of
theology?  I will tell you, then.  It is Spiritualism.  While some
are crying out against it as a delusion of the Devil, and some are
laughing at it as an hysteric folly, and some are getting angry with
it as a mere trick of interested or mischievous persons, Spiritualism
is quietly undermining the traditional ideas of the future state
which have been and are still accepted,--not merely in those who
believe in it, but in the general sentiment of the community, to a
larger extent than most good people seem to be aware of.  It need n't
be true, to do this, any more than Homoeopathy need, to do its work.
The Spiritualists have some pretty strong instincts to pry over,
which no doubt have been roughly handled by theologians at different
times.  And the Nemesis of the pulpit comes, in a shape it little
thought of, beginning with the snap of a toe-joint, and ending with
such a crack of old beliefs that the roar of it is heard in all the
ministers' studies of Christendom?  Sir, you cannot have people of
cultivation, of pure character, sensible enough in common things,
large-hearted women, grave judges, shrewd business-men, men of
science, professing to be in communication with the spiritual world
and keeping up constant intercourse with it, without its gradually
reacting on the whole conception of that other life.  It is the folly
of the world, constantly, which confounds its wisdom.  Not only out
of the mouths of babes and sucklings, but out of the mouths of fools
and cheats, we may often get our truest lessons.  For the fool's
judgment is a dog-vane that turns with a breath, and the cheat
watches the clouds and sets his weathercock by them,--so that one
shall often see by their pointing which way the winds of heaven are
blowing, when the slow-wheeling arrows and feathers of what we call
the Temples of Wisdom are turning to all points of the compass.

--Amen!--said the young fellow called John--Ten minutes by the
watch.  Those that are unanimous will please to signify by holding up
their left foot!

I looked this young man steadily in the face for about thirty
seconds.  His countenance was as calm as that of a reposing infant.
I think it was simplicity, rather than mischief, with perhaps a
youthful playfulness, that led him to this outbreak.  I have often
noticed that even quiet horses, on a sharp November morning, when
their coats are beginning to get the winter roughness, will give
little sportive demi-kicks, with slight sudden elevation of the
subsequent region of the body, and a sharp short whinny,--by no means
intending to put their heels through the dasher, or to address the
driver rudely, but feeling, to use a familiar word, frisky.  This, I
think, is the physiological condition of the young person, John.  I
noticed, however, what I should call a palpebral spasm, affecting the
eyelid and muscles of one side, which, if it were intended for the
facial gesture called a wink, might lead me to suspect a disposition
to be satirical on his part.

--Resuming the conversation, I remarked,--I am, ex officio, as a
Professor, a conservative.  For I don't know any fruit that clings to
its tree so faithfully, not even a "froze-'n'-thaw" winter-apple, as
a Professor to the bough of which his chair is made.  You can't shake
him off, and it is as much as you can do to pull him off.  Hence, by
a chain of induction I need not unwind, he tends to conservatism
generally.

But then, you know, if you are sailing the Atlantic, and all at once
find yourself in a current, and the sea covered with weeds, and drop
your Fahrenheit over the side and find it eight or ten degrees higher
than in the ocean generally, there is no use in flying in the face of
facts and swearing there is no such thing as a Gulf-Stream, when you
are in it.

You can't keep gas in a bladder, and you can't keep knowledge tight
in a profession.  Hydrogen will leak out, and air will leak in,
through India-rubber; and special knowledge will leak out, and
general knowledge will leak in, though a profession were covered with
twenty thicknesses of sheepskin diplomas.

By Jove, Sir, till common sense is well mixed up with medicine, and
common manhood with theology, and common honesty with law, We the
people, Sir, some of us with nut-crackers, and some of us with trip-
hammers, and some of us with pile-drivers, and some of us coming with
a whish! like air-stones out of a lunar volcano, will crash down on
the lumps of nonsense in all of them till we have made powder of
them--like Aaron's calf

[See Holmes poem: "When doctor's take what they would give and
lawyers give what they would take and strawberries grow larger down
through the box."   D.W.]

If to be a conservative is to let all the drains of thought choke up
and keep all the soul's windows down,--to shut out the sun from the
east and the wind from the west,--to let the rats run free in the
cellar, and the moths feed their fill in the chambers, and the
spiders weave their lace before the mirrors, till the soul's typhus
is bred out of our neglect, and we begin to snore in its coma or rave
in its delirium,--I, Sir, am a bonnet-rouge, a red cap of the
barricades, my friends, rather than a conservative.

--Were you born in Boston, Sir?--said the little man,--looking eager
and excited.

I was not,--I replied.

It's a pity,--it's a pity,--said the little man;--it 's the place to
be born in.  But if you can't fix it so as to be born here, you can
come and live here.  Old Ben Franklin, the father of American science
and the American Union, was n't ashamed to be born here.  Jim Otis,
the father of American Independence, bothered about in the Cape Cod
marshes awhile, but he came to Boston as soon as he got big enough.
Joe Warren, the first bloody ruffed-shirt of the Revolution, was as
good as born here.  Parson Charming strolled along this way from
Newport, and stayed here.  Pity old Sam Hopkins hadn't come, too;--
we'd have made a man of him,--poor, dear, good old Christian heathen!
There he lies, as peaceful as a young baby, in the old burying-
ground!  I've stood on the slab many a time.  Meant well,--meant
well.  Juggernaut.  Parson Charming put a little oil on one linchpin,
and slipped it out so softly, the first thing they knew about it was
the wheel of that side was down.  T' other fellow's at work now, but
he makes more noise about it.  When the linchpin comes out on his
side, there'll be a jerk, I tell you! Some think it will spoil the
old cart, and they pretend to say that there are valuable things in
it which may get hurt.  Hope not,--hope not.  But this is the great
Macadamizing place,--always cracking up something.

Cracking up Boston folks,--said the gentleman with the diamond-pin,
whom, for convenience' sake, I shall hereafter call the Koh-i-noor.

The little man turned round mechanically towards him, as Maelzel's
Turk used to turn, carrying his head slowly and horizontally, as if
it went by cogwheels.--Cracking up all sorts of things,--native and
foreign vermin included,--said the little man.

This remark was thought by some of us to have a hidden personal
application, and to afford a fair opening for a lively rejoinder, if
the Koh-i-noor had been so disposed.  The little man uttered it with
the distinct wooden calmness with which the ingenious Turk used to
exclaim, E-chec! so that it must have been heard.  The party supposed
to be interested in the remark was, however, carrying a large knife-
bladeful of something to his mouth just then, which, no doubt,
interfered with the reply he would have made.

--My friend who used to board here was accustomed sometimes, in a
pleasant way, to call himself the Autocrat of the table,--meaning, I
suppose, that he had it all his own way among the boarders.  I think
our small boarder here is like to prove a refractory subject, if I
undertake to use the sceptre my friend meant to bequeath me, too
magisterially.  I won't deny that sometimes, on rare occasions, when
I have been in company with gentlemen who preferred listening, I have
been guilty of the same kind of usurpation which my friend openly
justified.  But I maintain, that I, the Professor, am a good
listener.  If a man can tell me a fact which subtends an appreciable
angle in the horizon of thought, I am as receptive as the
contribution-box in a congregation of colored brethren.  If, when I
am exposing my intellectual dry-goods, a man will begin a good story,
I will have them all in, and my shutters up, before he has got to the
fifth "says he," and listen like a three-years' child, as the author
of the "Old Sailor" says.  I had rather hear one of those grand
elemental laughs from either of our two Georges, (fictitious names,
Sir or Madam,) glisten to one of those old playbills of our College
days, in which "Tom and Jerry" ("Thomas and Jeremiah," as the old
Greek Professor was said to call it) was announced to be brought on
the stage with whole force of the Faculty, read by our Frederick, (no
such person, of course,) than say the best things I might by any
chance find myself capable of saying.  Of course, if I come across a
real thinker, a suggestive, acute, illuminating, informing talker, I
enjoy the luxury of sitting still for a while as much as another.

Nobody talks much that does n't say unwise things,--things he did not
mean to say; as no person plays much without striking a false note
sometimes.  Talk, to me, is only spading up the ground for crops of
thought.  I can't answer for what will turn up.  If I could, it would
n't be talking, but "speaking my piece."  Better, I think, the hearty
abandonment of one's self to the suggestions of the moment at the
risk of an occasional slip of the tongue, perceived the instant it
escapes, but just one syllable too late, than the royal reputation of
never saying a foolish thing.

--What shall I do with this little man?--There is only one thing to
do,--and that is to let him talk when he will.  The day of the
"Autocrat's" monologues is over.

--My friend,--said I to the young fellow whom, as I have said, the
boarders call "John,"--My friend,--I said, one morning, after
breakfast,--can you give me any information respecting the deformed
person who sits at the other end of the table?

What! the Sculpin?--said the young fellow.

The diminutive person, with angular curvature of the spine,--I said,-
-and double talipes varus,--I beg your pardon,--with two club-feet.

Is that long word what you call it when a fellah walks so?--said the
young man, making his fists revolve round an imaginary axis, as you
may have seen youth of tender age and limited pugilistic knowledge,
when they show how they would punish an adversary, themselves
protected by this rotating guard,--the middle knuckle, meantime,
thumb-supported, fiercely prominent, death-threatening.

It is,--said I.--But would you have the kindness to tell me if you
know anything about this deformed person?

About the Sculpin?--said the young fellow.

My good friend,--said I,--I am sure, by your countenance, you would
not hurt the feelings of one who has been hardly enough treated by
Nature to be spared by his fellows.  Even in speaking of him to
others, I could wish that you might not employ a term which implies
contempt for what should inspire only pity.

A fellah 's no business to be so crooked,--said the young man called
John.

Yes, yes,--I said, thoughtfully,--the strong hate the weak.  It's all
right.  The arrangement has reference to the race, and not to the
individual.  Infirmity must be kicked out, or the stock run down.
Wholesale moral arrangements are so different from retail!--I
understand the instinct, my friend,--it is cosmic,--it is planetary,-
-it is a conservative principle in creation.

The young fellow's face gradually lost its expression as I was
speaking, until it became as blank of vivid significance as the
countenance of a gingerbread rabbit with two currants in the place of
eyes.  He had not taken my meaning.

Presently the intelligence came back with a snap that made him wink,
as he answered,--Jest so.  All right.  A 1.  Put her through.  That's
the way to talk.  Did you speak to me, Sir?--Here the young man
struck up that well-known song which I think they used to sing at
Masonic festivals, beginning, "Aldiborontiphoscophornio, Where left
you Chrononhotonthologos?"

I beg your pardon,--I said;--all I meant was, that men, as temporary
occupants of a permanent abode called human life, which is improved
or injured by occupancy, according to the style of tenant, have a
natural dislike to those who, if they live the life of the race as
well as of the individual, will leave lasting injurious effects upon
the abode spoken of, which is to be occupied by countless future
generations.  This is the final cause of the underlying brute
instinct which we have in common with the herds.

--The gingerbread-rabbit expression was coming on so fast, that I
thought I must try again.--It's a pity that families are kept up,
where there are such hereditary infirmities.  Still, let us treat
this poor man fairly, and not call him names.  Do you know what his
name is?

I know what the rest of 'em call him,--said the young fellow.--They
call him Little Boston.  There's no harm in that, is there?

It is an honorable term,--I replied.--But why Little Boston, in a
place where most are Bostonians?

Because nobody else is quite so Boston all over as he is,--said the
young fellow.

"L. B.  Ob. 1692."--Little Boston let him be, when we talk about him.
The ring he wears labels him well enough.  There is stuff in the
little man, or he would n't stick so manfully by this crooked,
crotchety old town.  Give him a chance.--You will drop the Sculpin,
won't you?--I said to the young fellow.

Drop him?--he answered,--I ha'n't took him up yet.

No, no,--the term,--I said,--the term.  Don't call him so any more,
if you please.  Call him Little Boston, if you like.

All right,--said the young fellow.--I would n't be hard on the poor
little-

The word he used was objectionable in point of significance and of
grammar.  It was a frequent termination of certain adjectives among
the Romans,--as of those designating a person following the sea, or
given to rural pursuits.  It is classed by custom among the profane
words; why, it is hard to say,--but it is largely used in the street
by those who speak of their fellows in pity or in wrath.

I never heard the young fellow apply the name of the odious pretended
fish to the little man from that day forward.

--Here we are, then, at our boarding--house.  First, myself, the
Professor, a little way from the head of the table, on the right,
looking down, where the "Autocrat" used to sit.  At the further end
sits the Landlady.  At the head of the table, just now, the Koh-i-
noor, or the gentleman with the diamond.  Opposite me is a Venerable
Gentleman with a bland countenance, who as yet has spoken little.
The Divinity Student is my neighbor on the right,--and further down,
that Young Fellow of whom I have repeatedly spoken.  The Landlady's
Daughter sits near the Koh-i-noor, as I said.  The Poor Relation near
the Landlady.  At the right upper corner is a fresh-looking youth of
whose name and history I have as yet learned nothing.  Next the
further left-hand corner, near the lower end of the table, sits the
deformed person.  The chair at his side, occupying that corner, is
empty.  I need not specially mention the other boarders, with the
exception of Benjamin Franklin, the landlady's son, who sits near his
mother.  We are a tolerably assorted set,--difference enough and
likeness enough; but still it seems to me there is something wanting.
The Landlady's Daughter is the prima donna in the way of feminine
attractions.  I am not quite satisfied with this young lady.  She
wears more "jewelry," as certain young ladies call their trinkets,
than I care to see on a person in her position.  Her voice is
strident, her laugh too much like a giggle, and she has that foolish
way of dancing and bobbing like a quill-float with a "minnum" biting
the hook below it, which one sees and weeps over sometimes in persons
of more pretensions.  I can't help hoping we shall put something into
that empty chair yet which will add the missing string to our social
harp.  I hear talk of a rare Miss who is expected.  Something in the
schoolgirl way, I believe.  We shall see.

--My friend who calls himself The Autocrat has given me a caution
which I am going to repeat, with my comment upon it, for the benefit
of all concerned.

Professor,--said he, one day,--don't you think your brain will run
dry before a year's out, if you don't get the pump to help the cow?
Let me tell you what happened to me once.  I put a little money into
a bank, and bought a check-book, so that I might draw it as I wanted,
in sums to suit.  Things went on nicely for a time; scratching with a
pen was as easy as rubbing Aladdin's Lamp; and my blank check-book
seemed to be a dictionary of possibilities, in which I could find all
the synonymes of happiness, and realize any one of them on the spot.
A check came back to me at last with these two words on it,--NO
FUNDS.  My check-book was a volume of waste-paper.

Now, Professor,--said he,--I have drawn something out of your bank,
you know; and just so sure as you keep drawing out your soul's
currency without making new deposits, the next thing will be, NO
FUNDS,--and then where will you be, my boy?  These little bits of
paper mean your gold and your silver and your copper, Professor; and
you will certainly break up and go to pieces, if you don't hold on to
your metallic basis.

There is something in that,--said I.--Only I rather think life can
coin thought somewhat faster than I can count it off in words.  What
if one shall go round and dry up with soft napkins all the dew that
falls of a June evening on the leaves of his garden?  Shall there be
no more dew on those leaves thereafter?  Marry, yea,--many drops,
large and round and full of moonlight as those thou shalt have
absterged!

Here am I, the Professor,--a man who has lived long enough to have
plucked the flowers of life and come to the berries,--which are not
always sad-colored, but sometimes golden-hued as the crocus of April,
or rosy-cheeked as the damask of June; a man who staggered against
books as a baby, and will totter against them, if he lives to
decrepitude; with a brain full of tingling thoughts, such as they
are, as a limb which we call "asleep," because it is so particuly
awake, is of pricking points; presenting a key-board of nerve-pulps,
not as yet tanned or ossified, to finger-touch of all outward
agencies; knowing nothing of the filmy threads of this web of life in
which we insects buzz awhile, waiting for the gray old spider to come
along; contented enough with daily realities, but twirling on his
finger the key of a private Bedlam of ideals; in knowledge feeding
with the fox oftener than with the stork,--loving better the breadth
of a fertilizing inundation than the depth of narrow artesian well;
finding nothing too small for his contemplation in the markings of
the grammatophora subtilissima, and nothing too large in the movement
of the solar system towards the star Lambda of the constellation
Hercules;--and the question is, whether there is anything left for
me, the Professor, to suck out of creation, after my lively friend
has had his straw in the bung-hole of the Universe!

A man's mental reactions with the atmosphere of life must go on,
whether he will or no, as between his blood and the air he breathes.
As to catching the residuum of the process, or what we call thought,-
-the gaseous ashes of burned-out thinking,--the excretion of mental
respiration,--that will depend on many things, as, on having a
favorable intellectual temperature about one, and a fitting
receptacle.--I sow more thought-seeds in twenty-four hours' travel
over the desert-sand along which my lonely consciousness paces day
and night, than I shall throw into soil where it will germinate, in a
year.  All sorts of bodily and mental perturbations come between us
and the due projection of our thought.  The pulse-like "fits of easy
and difficult transmission" seem to reach even the transparent medium
through which our souls are seen.  We know our humanity by its often
intercepted rays, as we tell a revolving light from a star or meteor
by its constantly recurring obscuration.

An illustrious scholar once told me, that, in the first lecture he
ever delivered, he spoke but half his allotted time, and felt as if
he had told all he knew.  Braham came forward once to sing one of his
most famous and familiar songs, and for his life could not recall the
first line of it;--he told his mishap to the audience, and they
screamed it at him in a chorus of a thousand voices.  Milton could
not write to suit himself, except from the autumnal to the vernal
equinox.  One in the clothing-business, who, there is reason to
suspect, may have inherited, by descent, the great poet's impressible
temperament, let a customer slip through his fingers one day without
fitting him with a new garment.  "Ah!" said he to a friend of mine,
who was standing by, "if it hadn't been for that confounded headache
of mine this morning, I'd have had a coat on that man, in spite of
himself, before he left-the store."  A passing throb, only,--but it
deranged the nice mechanism required to persuade the accidental human
being, X, into a given piece of broadcloth, A.

We must take care not to confound this frequent difficulty of
transmission of our ideas with want of ideas.  I suppose that a man's
mind does in time form a neutral salt with the elements in the
universe for which it has special elective affinities.  In fact, I
look upon a library as a kind of mental chemist's shop filled with
the crystals of all forms and hues which have come from the union of
individual thought with local circumstances or universal principles.

When a man has worked out his special affinities in this way, there
is an end of his genius as a real solvent.  No more effervescence and
hissing tumult--as he pours his sharp thought on the world's biting
alkaline unbeliefs!  No more corrosion of the old monumental tablets
covered with lies!  No more taking up of dull earths, and turning
them, first into clear solutions, and then into lustrous prisms!

I, the Professor, am very much like other men: I shall not find out
when I have used up my affinities.  What a blessed thing it is, that
Nature, when she invented, manufactured, and patented her authors,
contrived to make critics out of the chips that were left!  Painful
as the task is, they never fail to warn the author, in the most
impressive manner, of the probabilities of failure in what he has
undertaken.  Sad as the necessity is to their delicate sensibilities,
they never hesitate to advertise him of the decline of his powers,
and to press upon him the propriety of retiring before he sinks into
imbecility.  Trusting to their kind offices, I shall endeavor to
fulfil-

--Bridget enters and begins clearing the table.

--The following poem is my (The Professor's) only contribution to the
great department of Ocean-Cable literature.  As all the poets of this
country will be engaged for the next six weeks in writing for the
premium offered by the Crystal-Palace Company for the Burns
Centenary, (so called, according to our Benjamin Franklin, because
there will be nary a cent for any of us,) poetry will be very scarce
and dear.  Consumers may, consequently, be glad to take the present
article, which, by the aid of a Latin tutor--and a Professor of
Chemistry, will be found intelligible to the educated classes.




                  DE SAUTY

         AN ELECTRO-CHEMICAL ECLOGUE.

         Professor.       Blue-Nose.


PROFESSOR.

Tell me, O Provincial!  speak, Ceruleo-Nasal!
Lives there one De Sauty extant now among yon,
Whispering Boanerges, son of silent thunder,
Holding talk with nations?

Is there a De Sauty, ambulant on Tellus,
Bifid-cleft like mortals, dormient in night-cap,
Having sight, smell, hearing, food-receiving feature
Three times daily patent?

Breathes there such a being, O Ceruleo-Nasal?
Or is he a mythus,--ancient word for "humbug,"--
Such as Livy told about the wolf that wet-nursed
Romulus and Remus?

Was he born of woman, this alleged De Sauty?
Or a living product of galvanic action,
Like the status bred in Crosses flint-solution?
Speak, thou Cyano-Rhinal!



BLUE-NOSE.

Many things thou askest, jackknife-bearing stranger,
Much-conjecturing mortal, pork-and-treacle-waster!
Pretermit thy whittling, wheel thine ear-flap toward me,
Thou shalt hear them answered.

When the charge galvanic tingled through the cable,
At the polar focus of the wire electric
Suddenly appeared a white-faced man among us
Called himself "DE SAUTY."

As the small opossum held in pouch maternal
Grasps the nutrient organ whence the term mammalia,
So the unknown stranger held the wire electric,
Sucking in the current.

When the current strengthened, bloomed the pale-faced stranger,
Took no drink nor victual, yet grew fat and rosy,
And from time to time, in sharp articulation,
Said, "All right!  DE SAUTY."

From the lonely station passed the utterance, spreading
Through the pines and hemlocks to the groves of steeples
Till the land was filled with loud reverberations
Of "All right! DE SAUTY."

When the current slackened, drooped the mystic stranger,
Faded, faded, faded, as the stream grew weaker,
Wasted to a shadow, with a hartshorn odor
Of disintegration.

Drops of deliquescence glistened on his forehead,
Whitened round his feet the dust of efflorescence,
Till one Monday morning, when the flow suspended,
There was no De Sauty.

Nothing but a cloud of elements organic,
C. O. H. N. Ferrum, Chor.  Flu.  Sil.  Potassa,
Calc.  Sod.  Phosph.  Mag.  Sulphur, Mang.(?) Alumin.(?) Cuprum,(?)
Such as man is made of.

Born of stream galvanic, with it be had perished!
There is no De Sauty now there is no current!
Give us a new cable, then again we'll hear him
Cry, "All right!  DE SAUTY."




II

Back again!--A turtle--which means a tortoise--is fond of his shell;
but if you put a live coal on his back, he crawls out of it.  So the
boys say.

It is a libel on the turtle.  He grows to his shell, and his shell is
in his body as much as his body is in his shell.--I don't think
there is one of our boarders quite so testudineous as I am.  Nothing
but a combination of motives, more peremptory than the coal on the
turtle's back, could have got me to leave the shelter of my carapace;
and after memorable interviews, and kindest hospitalities, and grand
sights, and huge influx of patriotic pride,--for every American owns
all America,--

          "Creation's heir,--the world, the world is"

his, if anybody's,--I come back with the feeling which a boned turkey
might experience, if, retaining his consciousness, he were allowed to
resume his skeleton.

Welcome, O Fighting Gladiator, and Recumbent Cleopatra, and Dying
Warrior, whose classic outlines (reproduced in the calcined mineral
of Lutetia) crown my loaded shelves!  Welcome, ye triumphs of
pictorial art (repeated by the magic graver) that look down upon me
from the walls of my sacred cell!  Vesalius, as Titian drew him,
high-fronted, still-eyed, thick-bearded, with signet-ring, as beseems
a gentleman, with book and carelessly-held eyeglass, marking him a
scholar; thou, too, Jan Kuyper, commonly called Jan Praktiseer, old
man of a century and seven years besides, father of twenty sons and
two daughters, cut in copper by Houbraken, bought from a portfolio on
one of the Paris quais; and ye Three Trees of Rembrandt, black in
shadow against the blaze of light; and thou Rosy Cottager of Sir
Joshua, roses hinted by the peppery burin of Bartolozzi; ye, too, of
lower grades in nature, yet not unlovely for unrenowned, Young Bull
of Paulus Potter, and sleeping Cat of Cornelius Visscher; welcome
once more to my eyes!  The old books look out from the shelves, and I
seem to read on their backs something asides their titles,--a kind of
solemn greeting.  The crimson carpet flushes warm under my feet.  The
arm-chair hugs me; the swivel-chair spins round with me, as if it
were giddy with pleasure; the vast recumbent fauteuil stretches
itself out under my weight, as one joyous with food and wine
stretches in after-dinner laughter.

The boarders were pleased to say that they were glad to get me back.
One of them ventured a compliment, namely,--that I talked as if I
believed what I said.--This was apparently considered something
unusual, by its being mentioned.

One who means to talk with entire sincerity,--I said,--always feels
himself in danger of two things, namely,--an affectation of
bluntness, like that of which Cornwall accuses Kent in "Lear," and
actual rudeness.  What a man wants to do, in talking with a stranger,
is to get and to give as much of the best and most real life that
belongs to the two talkers as the time will let him.  Life is short,
and conversation apt to run to mere words.  Mr. Hue I think it is,
who tells us some very good stories about the way in which two
Chinese gentlemen contrive to keep up a long talk without saying a
word which has any meaning in it.  Something like this is
occasionally heard on this side of the Great Wall.  The best Chinese
talkers I know are some pretty women whom I meet from time to time.
Pleasant, airy, complimentary, the little flakes of flattery
glimmering in their talk like the bits of gold-leaf in eau-de-vie de
Dantzic; their accents flowing on in a soft ripple,--never a wave,
and never a calm; words nicely fitted, but never a colored phrase or
a highly-flavored epithet; they turn air into syllables so
gracefully, that we find meaning for the music they make as we find
faces in the coals and fairy palaces in the clouds.  There is
something very odd, though, about this mechanical talk.

You have sometimes been in a train on the railroad when the engine
was detached a long way from the station you were approaching?  Well,
you have noticed how quietly and rapidly the cars kept on, just as if
the locomotive were drawing them?  Indeed, you would not have
suspected that you were travelling on the strength of a dead fact, if
you had not seen the engine running away from you on a side-track.
Upon my conscience, I believe some of these pretty women detach their
minds entirely, sometimes, from their talk,--and, what is more, that
we never know the difference.  Their lips let off the fluty syllables
just as their fingers would sprinkle the music-drops from their
pianos; unconscious habit turns the phrase of thought into words just
as it does that of music into notes.--Well, they govern the world
for all that, these sweet-lipped women,--because beauty is the index
of a larger fact than wisdom.

--The Bombazine wanted an explanation.

Madam,--said I,--wisdom is the abstract of the past, but beauty is
the promise of the future.

--All this, however, is not what I was going to say.  Here am I,
suppose, seated--we will say at a dinner-table--alongside of an
intelligent Englishman.  We look in each other's faces,--we exchange
a dozen words.  One thing is settled: we mean not to offend each
other,--to be perfectly courteous,--more than courteous; for we are
the entertainer and the entertained, and cherish particularly amiable
feelings, to each other.  The claret is good; and if our blood
reddens a little with its warm crimson, we are none the less kind for
it.

I don't think people that talk over their victuals are like to say
anything very great, especially if they get their heads muddled with
strong drink before they begin jabberin'.

The Bombazine uttered this with a sugary sourness, as if the words
had been steeped in a solution of acetate of lead.--The boys of my
time used to call a hit like this a "side-winder."

--I must finish this woman.--

Madam,--I said,--the Great Teacher seems to have been fond of talking
as he sat at meat.  Because this was a good while ago, in a far-off
place, you forget what the true fact of it was,--that those were real
dinners, where people were hungry and thirsty, and where you met a
very miscellaneous company.  Probably there was a great deal of loose
talk among the guests; at any rate, there was always wine, we may
believe.

Whatever may be the hygienic advantages or disadvantages of wine,--
and I for one, except for certain particular ends, believe in water,
and, I blush to say it, in black tea,--there is no doubt about its
being the grand specific against dull dinners.  A score of people
come together in all moods of mind and body.  The problem is, in the
space of one hour, more or less, to bring them all into the same
condition of slightly exalted life.  Food alone is enough for one
person, perhaps,--talk, alone, for another; but the grand equalizer
and fraternizer, which works up the radiators to their maximum
radiation, and the absorbents to their maximum receptivity, is now
just where it was when

          The conscious water saw its Lord and blushed,

--when six great vessels containing water, the whole amounting to
more than a hogshead-full, were changed into the best of wine.  I
once wrote a song about wine, in which I spoke so warmly of it, that
I was afraid some would think it was written inter pocula; whereas it
was composed in the bosom of my family, under the most tranquillizing
domestic influences.

--The divinity-student turned towards me, looking mischievous.--Can
you tell me,--he said,--who wrote a song for a temperance celebration
once, of which the following is a verse?

     Alas for the loved one, too gentle and fair
     The joys of the banquet to chasten and share!
     Her eye lost its light that his goblet might shine,
     And the rose of her cheek was dissolved in his wine!

I did,--I answered.--What are you going to do about it?--I will tell
you another line I wrote long ago:--

     Don't be "consistent,"--but be simply true.

The longer I live, the more I am satisfied of two things: first, that
the truest lives are those that are cut rose-diamond-fashion, with
many facets answering to the many-planed aspects of the world about
them; secondly, that society is always trying in some way or other to
grind us down to a single flat surface.  It is hard work to resist
this grinding-down action.--Now give me a chance.  Better eternal
and universal abstinence than the brutalities of those days that made
wives and mothers and daughters and sisters blush for those whom they
should have honored, as they came reeling home from their debauches!
Yet better even excess than lying and hypocrisy; and if wine is upon
all our tables, let us praise it for its color and fragrance and
social tendency, so far as it deserves, and not hug a bottle in the
closet and pretend not to know the use of a wine-glass at a public
dinner!  I think you will find that people who honestly mean to be
true really contradict themselves much more rarely than those who try
to be "consistent."  But a great many things we say can be made to
appear contradictory, simply because they are partial views of a
truth, and may often look unlike at first, as a front view of a face
and its profile often do.

Here is a distinguished divine, for whom I have great respect, for I
owe him a charming hour at one of our literary anniversaries, and he
has often spoken noble words; but he holds up a remark of my friend
the "Autocrat,"--which I grieve to say he twice misquotes, by
omitting the very word which gives it its significance,--the word
fluid, intended to typify the mobility of the restricted will,--holds
it up, I say, as if it attacked the reality of the self-determining
principle, instead of illustrating its limitations by an image.  Now
I will not explain any farther, still less defend, and least of all
attack, but simply quote a few lines from one of my friend's poems,
printed more than ten years ago, and ask the distinguished gentleman
where he has ever asserted more strongly or absolutely the
independent will of the "subcreative centre," as my heretical friend
has elsewhere called man.

    --Thought, conscience, will, to make them all thy own
     He rent a pillar from the eternal throne!
    --Made in His image, thou must nobly dare
     The thorny crown of sovereignty to share.
    --Think not too meanly of thy low estate;
     Thou hast a choice; to choose is to create!

If he will look a little closely, he will see that the profile and
the full-face views of the will are both true and perfectly
consistent!

Now let us come back, after this long digression, to the conversation
with the intelligent Englishman.  We begin skirmishing with a few
light ideas,--testing for thoughts,--as our electro-chemical friend,
De Sauty, if there were such a person, would test for his current;
trying a little litmus-paper for acids, and then a slip of turmeric-
paper for alkalies, as chemists do with unknown compounds; flinging
the lead, and looking at the shells and sands it brings up to find
out whether we are like to keep in shallow water, or shall have to
drop the deep-sea line;--in short, seeing what we have to deal with.
If the Englishman gets his H's pretty well placed, he comes from one
of the higher grades of the British social order, and we shall find
him a good companion.

But, after all, here is a great fact between us.  We belong to two
different civilizations, and, until we recognize what separates us,
we are talking like Pyramus and Thisbe, without any hole in the wall
to talk through.  Therefore, on the whole, if he were a superior
fellow, incapable of mistaking it for personal conceit, I think I
would let out the fact of the real American feeling about Old-World
folks.  They are children to us in certain points of view.  They are
playing with toys we have done with for whole-generations.

--------
FOOTNOTE:

The more I have observed and reflected, the more limited seems to me
the field of action of the human will. Every act of choice involves a
special relation between the ego and the conditions before it.  But
no man knows what forces are at work in the determination of his ego.
The bias which decides his choice between two or more motives may
come from some unsuspected ancestral source, of which he knows
nothing at all.  He is automatic in virtue of that hidden spring of
reflex action, all the time having the feeling that he is self-
determining.  The Story of Elsie Yenner, written-soon after this book
was published, illustrates the direction in which my thought was
moving.  'The imaginary subject of the story obeyed her will, but her
will Obeyed the mysterious antenatal poisoning influence.
--------

That silly little drum they are always beating on, and the trumpet
and the feather they make so much noise and cut such a figure with,
we have not quite outgrown, but play with much less seriously and
constantly than they do.  Then there is a whole museum of wigs, and
masks, and lace-coats, and gold-sticks, and grimaces, and phrases,
which we laugh at honestly, without affectation, that are still used
in the Old-World puppet-shows.  I don't think we on our part ever
understand the Englishman's concentrated loyalty and specialized
reverence.  But then we do think more of a man, as such, (barring
some little difficulties about race and complexion which the
Englishman will touch us on presently,) than any people that ever
lived did think of him.  Our reverence is a great deal wider, if it
is less intense.  We have caste among us, to some extent; it is true;
but there is never a collar on the American wolf-dog such as you
often see on the English mastiff, notwithstanding his robust, hearty
individuality.

This confronting of two civilizations is always a grand sensation to
me; it is like cutting through the isthmus and letting the two oceans
swim into each other's laps.  The trouble is, it is so difficult to
let out the whole American nature without its self-assertion seeming
to take a personal character.  But I never enjoy the Englishman so
much as when he talks of church and king like Manco Capac among the
Peruvians.  Then you get the real British flavor, which the
cosmopolite Englishman loses.

How much better this thorough interpenetration of ideas than a barren
interchange of courtesies, or a bush-fighting argument, in which each
man tries to cover as much of himself and expose as much of his
opponent as the tangled thicket of the disputed ground will let him!

---My thoughts flow in layers or strata, at least three deep.  I
follow a slow person's talk, and keep a perfectly clear under-current
of my own beneath it.  Under both runs obscurely a consciousness
belonging to a third train of reflections, independent of the two
others.  I will try to write out a Mental movement in three parts.

A.---First voice, or Mental Soprano,--thought follows a woman
talking.

B.--Second voice, or Mental Barytone,--my running accompaniment.

C.--Third voice, or Mental Basso,--low grumble of importunate self-
repeating idea.

A.--White lace, three skirts, looped with flowers, wreath of apple-
blossoms, gold bracelets, diamond pin and ear-rings, the most
delicious berthe you ever saw, white satin slippers-

B.--Deuse take her!  What a fool she is!  Hear her chatter!  (Look
out of window just here.--Two pages and a half of description, if it
were all written out, in one tenth of a second.)--Go ahead, old lady!
(Eye catches picture over fireplace.) There's that infernal family
nose!  Came over in the "Mayflower" on the first old fool's face.
Why don't they wear a ring in it?

C.--You 'll be late at lecture,--late at lecture,--late,--late-

I observe that a deep layer of thought sometimes makes itself felt
through the superincumbent strata, thus:--The usual single or double
currents shall flow on, but there shall be an influence blending with
them, disturbing them in an obscure way, until all at once I say,--
Oh, there!  I knew there was something troubling me,--and the thought
which had been working through comes up to the surface clear,
definite, and articulates itself,--a disagreeable duty, perhaps, or
an unpleasant recollection.

The inner world of thought and the outer world of events are alike in
this, that they are both brimful.  There is no space between
consecutive thoughts, or between the never-ending series of actions.
All pack tight, and mould their surfaces against each other, so that
in the long run there is a wonderful average uniformity in the forms
of both thoughts and actions, just as you find that cylinders crowded
all become hexagonal prisms, and spheres pressed together are formed
into regular polyhedra.

Every event that a man would master must be mounted on the run, and
no man ever caught the reins of a thought except as it galloped by
him.  So, to carry out, with another comparison, my remark about the
layers of thought, we may consider the mind as it moves among
thoughts or events, like a circus-rider whirling round with a great
troop of horses.  He can mount a fact or an idea, and guide it more
or less completely, but he cannot stop it.  So, as I said in another
way at the beginning, he can stride two or three thoughts at once,
but not break their steady walk, trot, or gallop.  He can only take
his foot from the saddle of one thought and put it on that of
another.

--What is the saddle of a thought?  Why, a word, of course.--Twenty
years after you have dismissed a thought, it suddenly wedges up to
you through the press, as if it had been steadily galloping round and
round all that time without a rider.

The will does not act in the interspaces of thought, for there are no
such interspaces, but simply steps from the back of one moving
thought upon that of another.

--I should like to ask,--said the divinity-student,--since we are
getting into metaphysics, how you can admit space, if all things are
in contact, and how you can admit time, if it is always now to
something?

--I thought it best not to hear this question.

--I wonder if you know this class of philosophers in books or
elsewhere.  One of them makes his bow to the public, and exhibits an
unfortunate truth bandaged up so that it cannot stir hand or foot,--
as helpless, apparently, and unable to take care of itself, as an
Egyptian mummy.  He then proceeds, with the air and method of a
master, to take off the bandages.  Nothing can be neater than the way
in which he does it.  But as he takes off layer after layer, the
truth seems to grow smaller and smaller, and some of its outlines
begin to look like something we have seen before.  At last, when he
has got them all off, and the truth struts out naked, we recognize it
as a diminutive and familiar acquaintance whom we have known in the
streets all our lives.  The fact is, the philosopher has coaxed the
truth into his study and put all those bandages on; or course it is
not very hard for him to take them off.  Still, a great many people
like to watch the process,--he does it so neatly!

Dear!  dear!  I am ashamed to write and talk, sometimes, when I see
how those functions of the large-brained, thumb-opposing plantigrade
are abused by my fellow-vertebrates,--perhaps by myself.  How they
spar for wind, instead of hitting from the shoulder!

--The young fellow called John arose and placed himself in a neat
fighting attitude.--Fetch on the fellah that makes them long words!
--he said,--and planted a straight hit with the right fist in the
concave palm of the left hand with a click like a cup and ball.--You
small boy there, hurry up that "Webster's Unabridged!"

The little gentleman with the malformation, before described, shocked
the propriety of the breakfast-table by a loud utterance of three
words, of which the two last were "Webster's Unabridged," and the
first was an emphatic monosyllable.--Beg pardon,--he added,--forgot
myself.  But let us have an English dictionary, if we are to have
any.  I don't believe in clipping the coin of the realm, Sir!  If I
put a weathercock on my house, Sir, I want it to tell which way the
wind blows up aloft,--off from the prairies to the ocean, or off from
the ocean to the prairies, or any way it wants to blow!  I don't want
a weathercock with a winch in an old gentleman's study that he can
take hold of and turn, so that the vane shall point west when the
great wind overhead is blowing east with all its might, Sir!  Wait
till we give you a dictionary; Sir!  It takes Boston to do that
thing, Sir!

--Some folks think water can't run down-hill anywhere out of Boston,
--remarked the Koh-i-noor.

I don't know what some folks think so well as I know what some fools
say,--rejoined the Little Gentleman.--If importing most dry goods
made the best scholars, I dare say you would know where to look for
'em.--Mr. Webster could n't spell, Sir, or would n't spell, Sir,--at
any rate, he did n't spell; and the end of it was a fight between the
owners of some copyrights and the dignity of this noble language
which we have inherited from our English fathers.  Language!--the
blood of the soul, Sir! into which our thoughts run and out of which
they grow!  We know what a word is worth here in Boston.  Young Sam
Adams got up on the stage at Commencement, out at Cambridge there,
with his gown on, the Governor and Council looking on in the name of
his Majesty, King George the Second, and the girls looking down out
of the galleries, and taught people how to spell a word that was n't
in the Colonial dictionaries !  R-e, re, s-i-s, sis, t-a-n-c-e,
tance, Resistance!  That was in '43, and it was a good many years
before the Boston boys began spelling it with their muskets;--but
when they did begin, they spelt it so loud that the old bedridden
women in the English almshouses heard every syllable!  Yes, yes,
yes,--it was a good while before those other two Boston boys got the
class so far along that it could spell those two hard words,
Independence and Union!  I tell you what, Sir, there are a thousand
lives, aye, sometimes a million, go to get a new word into a language
that is worth speaking.  We know what language means too well here in
Boston to play tricks with it.  We never make a new word til we have
made a new thing or a new thought, Sir! then we shaped the new mould
of this continent, we had to make a few.  When, by God's permission,
we abrogated the primal curse of maternity, we had to make a word or
two.  The cutwater of this great Leviathan clipper, the OCCIDENTAL,--
this thirty-wasted wind-and-steam wave-crusher,--must throw a little
spray over the human vocabulary as it splits the waters of a new
world's destiny!

He rose as he spoke, until his stature seemed to swell into the fair
human proportions.  His feet must have been on the upper round of his
high chair; that was the only way I could account for it.

Puts her through fast-rate,--said the young fellow whom the boarders
call John.

The venerable and kind-looking old gentleman who sits opposite said
he remembered Sam Adams as Governor.  An old man in a brown coat.
Saw him take the Chair on Boston Common.  Was a boy then, and
remembers sitting on the fence in front of the old Hancock house.
Recollects he had a glazed 'lectionbun, and sat eating it and looking
down on to the Common.  Lalocks flowered late that year, and he got a
great bunch off from the bushes in the Hancock front-yard.

Them 'lection-buns are no go,--said the young man John, so called.
--I know the trick.  Give a fellah a fo'penny bun in the mornin', an'
he downs the whole of it.  In about an hour it swells up in his
stomach as big as a football, and his feedin' 's spilt for that day.
That's the way to stop off a young one from eatin' up all the
'lection dinner.

Salem!  Salem! not Boston,--shouted the little man.

But the Koh-i-noor laughed a great rasping laugh, and the boy
Benjamin Franklin looked sharp at his mother, as if he remembered the
bun-experiment as a part of his past personal history.

The Little Gentleman was holding a fork in his left hand.  He stabbed
a boulder of home-made bread with it, mechanically, and looked at it
as if it ought to shriek.  It did not,--but he sat as if watching it.

--Language is a solemn thing,--I said.--It grows out of life,--out
of its agonies and ecstasies, its wants and its weariness.  Every
language is a temple, in which the soul of those who speak it is
enshrined.  Because time softens its outlines and rounds the sharp
angles of its cornices, shall a fellow take a pickaxe to help time?
Let me tell you what comes of meddling with things that can take care
of themselves.--A friend of mine had a watch given him, when he was
a boy,--a "bull's eye," with a loose silver case that came off like
an oyster-shell from its contents; you know them,--the cases that you
hang on your thumb, while the core, or the real watch, lies in your
hand as naked as a peeled apple.  Well, he began with taking off the
case, and so on from one liberty to another, until he got it fairly
open, and there were the works, as good as if they were alive,--
crown-wheel, balance-wheel, and all the rest.  All right except one
thing,--there was a confounded little hair had got tangled round the
balance-wheel.  So my young Solomon got a pair of tweezers, and
caught hold of the hair very nicely, and pulled it right out, without
touching any of the wheels,--when,--buzzzZZZ!  and the watch had done
up twenty-four hours in double magnetic-telegraph time!--The English
language was wound up to run some thousands of years, I trust; but if
everybody is to be pulling at everything he thinks is a hair, our
grandchildren will have to make the discovery that it is a hair-
spring, and the old Anglo-Norman soul's-timekeeper will run down, as
so many other dialects have done before it.  I can't stand this
meddling any better than you, Sir.  But we have a great deal to be
proud of in the lifelong labors of that old lexicographer, and we
must n't be ungrateful.  Besides, don't let us deceive ourselves,--
the war of the dictionaries is only a disguised rivalry of cities,
colleges, and especially of publishers.  After all, it is likely that
the language will shape itself by larger forces than phonography and
dictionary-making.  You may spade up the ocean as much as you like,
and harrow it afterwards, if you can,--but the moon will still lead
the tides, and the winds will form their surface.

--Do you know Richardson's Dictionary?--I said to my neighbor the
divinity-student.

Haow?--said the divinity-student.--He colored, as he noticed on my
face a twitch in one of the muscles which tuck up the corner of the
mouth, (zygomaticus major,) and which I could not hold back from
making a little movement on its own account.

It was too late.--A country-boy, lassoed when he was a half-grown
colt.  Just as good as a city-boy, and in some ways, perhaps,
better,--but caught a little too old not to carry some marks of his
earlier ways of life.  Foreigners, who have talked a strange tongue
half their lives, return to the language of their childhood in their
dying hours.  Gentlemen in fine linen, and scholars in large
libraries, taken by surprise, or in a careless moment, will sometimes
let slip a word they knew as boys in homespun and have not spoken
since that time,--but it lay there under all their culture.  That is
one way you may know the country-boys after they have grown rich or
celebrated; another is by the odd old family names, particularly
those of the Hebrew prophets, which the good old people have saddled
them with.

--Boston has enough of England about it to make a good English
dictionary,--said that fresh-looking youth whom I have mentioned as
sitting at the right upper corner of the table.

I turned and looked him full in the face,--for the pure, manly
intonations arrested me.  The voice was youthful, but full of
character.--I suppose some persons have a peculiar susceptibility in
the matter of voice.--Hear this.

Not long after the American Revolution, a young lady was sitting in
her father's chaise in a street of this town of Boston.  She
overheard a little girl talking or singing, and was mightily taken
with the tones of her voice.  Nothing would satisfy her but she must
have that little girl come and live in her father's house.  So the
child came, being then nine years old.  Until her marriage she
remained under the same roof with the young lady.  Her children
became successively inmates of the lady's dwelling; and now, seventy
years, or thereabouts, since the young lady heard the child singing,
one of that child's children and one of her grandchildren are with
her in that home, where she, no longer young, except in heart, passes
her peaceful days.--Three generations linked together by so light a
breath of accident!

I liked--the sound of this youth's voice, I said, and his look when I
came to observe him a little more closely.  His complexion had
something better than the bloom and freshness which had first
attracted me;--it had that diffused tone which is a sure index of
wholesome, lusty life.  A fine liberal style of nature seemed to be:
hair crisped, moustache springing thick and dark, head firmly
planted, lips finished, as is commonly sees them in gentlemen's
families, a pupil well contracted, and a mouth that opened frankly
with a white flash of teeth that looked as if they could serve him as
they say Ethan Allen's used to serve their owner,--to draw nails
with.  This is the kind of fellow to walk a frigate's deck and bowl
his broadsides into the "Gadlant Thudnder-bomb," or any forty-port-
holed adventurer who would like to exchange a few tons of iron
compliments.--I don't know what put this into my head, for it was
not till some time afterward I learned the young fellow had been in
the naval school at Annapolis.  Something had happened to change his
plan of life, and he was now studying engineering and architecture in
Boston.

When the youth made the short remark which drew my attention to him,
the little deformed gentleman turned round and took a long look at
him.

Good for the Boston boy!--he said.

I am not a Boston boy,--said the youth, smiling,--I am a Marylander.

I don't care where you come from,--we'll make a Boston man of you,--
said the little gentleman.  Pray, what part of Maryland did you come
from, and how shall I call you?

The poor youth had to speak pretty loud, as he was at the right upper
corner of the table, and the little gentleman next the lower left-
hand corner.  His face flushed a little, but he answered pleasantly,
telling who he was, as if the little man's infirmity gave him a right
to ask any questions he wanted to.

Here is the place for you to sit,--said the little gentleman,
pointing to the vacant chair next his own, at the corner.

You're go'n' to have a young lady next you, if you wait till to-
morrow,--said the landlady to him.

He did not reply, but I had a fancy that he changed color.  It can't
be that he has susceptibilities with reference to a contingent young
lady!  It can't be that he has had experiences which make him
sensitive!  Nature could not be quite so cruel as to set a heart
throbbing in that poor little cage of ribs!  There is no use in
wasting notes of admiration.  I must ask the landlady about him.

These are some of the facts she furnished.--Has not been long with
her.  Brought a sight of furniture,--could n't hardly get some of it
upstairs.  Has n't seemed particularly attentive to the ladies.  The
Bombazine (whom she calls Cousin something or other) has tried to
enter into conversation with him, but retired with the impression
that he was indifferent to ladies' society.  Paid his bill the other
day without saying a word about it.  Paid it in gold,--had a great
heap of twenty-dollar pieces.  Hires her best room.  Thinks he is a
very nice little man, but lives dreadful lonely up in his chamber.
Wants the care of some capable nuss.  Never pitied anybody more in
her life--never see a more interestin' person.

--My intention was, when I began making these notes, to let them
consist principally of conversations between myself and the other
boarders.  So they will, very probably; but my curiosity is excited
about this little boarder of ours, and my reader must not be
disappointed, if I sometimes interrupt a discussion to give an
account of whatever fact or traits I may discover about him.  It so
happens that his room is next to mine, and I have the opportunity of
observing many of his ways without any active movements of curiosity.
That his room contains heavy furniture, that he is a restless little
body and is apt to be up late, that he talks to himself, and keeps
mainly to himself, is nearly all I have yet found out.

One curious circumstance happened lately which I mention without
drawing an absolute inference.  Being at the studio of a sculptor
with whom I am acquainted, the other day, I saw a remarkable cast of
a left arm.  On my asking where the model came from, he said it was
taken direct from the arm of a deformed person, who had employed one
of the Italian moulders to make the cast.  It was a curious case, it
should seem, of one beautiful limb upon a frame otherwise singularly
imperfect--I have repeatedly noticed this little gentleman's use of
his left arm.  Can he have furnished the model I saw at the
sculptor's?

--So we are to have a new boarder to-morrow.  I hope there will be
something pretty and pleasing about her.  A woman with a creamy
voice, and finished in alto rilievo, would be a variety in the
boarding-house,--a little more marrow and a little less sinew than
our landlady and her daughter and the bombazine-clad female, all of
whom are of the turkey-drumstick style of organization.  I don't mean
that these are our only female companions; but the rest being
conversational non-combatants, mostly still, sad feeders, who take in
their food as locomotives take in wood and water, and then wither
away from the table like blossoms that never came to fruit, I have
not yet referred to them as individuals.

I wonder what kind of young person we shall see in that empty chair
to-morrow!

--I read this song to the boarders after breakfast the other morning.
It was written for our fellows;--you know who they are, of course.



                    THE BOYS.

Has there any old fellow got mixed with the boys?
If there has, take him out, without making a noise!
Hang the Almanac's cheat and the Catalogue's spite!
Old Time is a liar!  We're twenty to-night!

We're twenty!  We're twenty!  Who says we are more?
He's tipsy,--young jackanapes!--show him the door!--
"Gray temples at twenty?"--Yes!  white, if we please;
Where the snow-flakes fall thickest there's nothing can freeze!

Was it snowing I spoke of?  Excuse the mistake!
Look close,--you will see not a sign of a flake;
We want some new garlands for those we have shed,
And these are white roses in place of the red!

We've a trick, we young fellows, you may have been told.
Of talking (in public) as if we were old;
That boy we call Doctor, (1) and this we call Judge (2)--
It's a neat little fiction,--of course it's all fudge.

That fellow's the Speaker, (3)--the one on the right;
Mr. Mayor, (4) my young one, how are you to-night?
That's our "Member of Congress,"(5) we say when we chaff;
There's the "Reverend" (6) What's his name?--don't make me laugh!

That boy with the grave mathematical look(7)
Made believe he had written a wonderful book,
And the ROYAL SOCIETY thought it was true!
So they chose him right in; a good joke it was, too.

There's a boy,--we pretend,--with a three-decker-brain
That could harness a team with a logical chain:
When he spoke for our manhood in syllabled fire,
We called him "The Justice,"--but now he's "The Squire."(1)

And there's a nice youngster of excellent pith,(2)
Fate tried to conceal him by naming him Smith,
But he shouted a song for the brave and the free,
--Just read on his medal,--"My country,--of thee!"

You hear that boy laughing?--you think he's all fun,
But the angels laugh, too, at the good he has done;
The children laugh loud as they troop to his call,
And the poor man that knows him laughs loudest of all!(3)

Yes, we're boys,--always playing with tongue or with pen,--
And I sometimes have asked,--Shall we ever be men?
Shall we always be youthful and laughing and gay,
Till the last dear companion drops smiling away?

Then here's to our boyhood, its gold and its gray!
The stars of its Winter, the dews of its May!
And when we have done with our life-lasting toys,
Dear Father, take care of thy children, the Boys!


1 Francis Thomas.
2 George Tyler Bigelow.
3 Francis Boardman Crowninshield.
4 G. W. Richardson.
5 George Thomas Davis.
6 James Freeman Clarke.
7 Benjamin Peirce.




III

[The Professor talks with the Reader.  He tells a
Young Girl's Story.]

When the elements that went to the making of the first man, father of
mankind, had been withdrawn from the world of unconscious matter, the
balance of creation was disturbed.  The materials that go to the
making of one woman were set free by the abstraction from inanimate
nature of one man's-worth of masculine constituents.  These combined
to make our first mother, by a logical necessity involved in the
previous creation of our common father.  All this, mythically,
illustratively, and by no means doctrinally or polemically.

The man implies the woman, you will understand.  The excellent
gentleman whom I had the pleasure of setting right in a trifling
matter a few weeks ago believes in the frequent occurrence of
miracles at the present day.  So do I.  I believe, if you could find
an uninhabited coral-reef island, in the middle of the Pacific Ocean,
with plenty of cocoa-palms and bread-fruit on it, and put a handsome
young fellow, like our Marylander, ashore upon it, if you touched
there a year afterwards, you would find him walking under the palm-
trees arm in arm with a pretty woman.

Where would she come from?

Oh, that 's the miracle!

--I was just as certain, when I saw that fine, high-colored youth at
the upper right-hand corner of our table, that there would appear
some fitting feminine counterpart to him, as if I had been a
clairvoyant, seeing it all beforehand.

--I have a fancy that those Marylanders are just about near enough to
the sun to ripen well.--How some of us fellows remember Joe and
Harry, Baltimoreans, both!  Joe, with his cheeks like lady-apples,
and his eyes like black-heart cherries, and his teeth like the
whiteness of the flesh of cocoanuts, and his laugh that set the
chandelier-drops rattling overhead, as we sat at our sparkling
banquets in those gay times!  Harry, champion, by acclamation, of
the college heavy-weights, broad-shouldered, bull-necked, square-
jawed, six feet and trimmings, a little science, lots of pluck, good-
natured as a steer in peace, formidable as a red-eyed bison in the
crack of hand-to-hand battle!  Who forgets the great muster-day, and
the collision of the classic with the democratic forces?  The huge
butcher, fifteen stone,--two hundred and ten pounds,--good weight,--
steps out like Telamonian Ajax, defiant.  No words from Harry, the
Baltimorean,--one of the quiet sort, who strike first; and do the
talking, if there is any, afterwards.  No words, but, in the place
thereof, a clean, straight, hard hit, which took effect with a spank
like the explosion of a percussion-cap, knocking the slayer of beeves
down a sand-bank,--followed, alas! by the too impetuous youth, so
that both rolled down together, and the conflict terminated in one of
those inglorious and inevitable Yankee clinches, followed by a
general melee, which make our native fistic encounters so different
from such admirably-ordered contests as that which I once saw at an
English fair, where everything was done decently and in order; and
the fight began and ended with such grave propriety, that a sporting
parson need hardly have hesitated to open it with a devout petition,
and, after it was over, dismiss the ring with a benediction.

I can't help telling one more story about this great field-day,
though it is the most wanton and irrelevant digression.  But all of
us have a little speck of fight underneath our peace and good-will to
men, just a speck, for revolutions and great emergencies, you know,--
so that we should not submit to be trodden quite flat by the first
heavy-heeled aggressor that came along.  You can tell a portrait from
an ideal head, I suppose, and a true story from one spun out of the
writer's invention.  See whether this sounds true or not.

Admiral Sir Isaac Coffin sent out two fine blood-horses, Barefoot and
Serab by name, to Massachusetts, something before the time I am
talking of.  With them came a Yorkshire groom, a stocky little
fellow, in velvet breeches, who made that mysterious hissing noise,
traditionary in English stables, when he rubbed down the silken-
skinned racers, in great perfection.  After the soldiers had come
from the muster-field, and some of the companies were on the village-
common, there was still some skirmishing between a few individuals
who had not had the fight taken out of them.  The little Yorkshire
groom thought he must serve out somebody.  So he threw himself into
an approved scientific attitude, and, in brief, emphatic language,
expressed his urgent anxiety to accommodate any classical young
gentleman who chose to consider himself a candidate for his
attentions.  I don't suppose there were many of the college boys that
would have been a match for him in the art which Englishmen know so
much more of than Americans, for the most part.  However, one of the
Sophomores, a very quiet, peaceable fellow, just stepped out of the
crowd, and, running straight at the groom, as he stood there,
sparring away, struck him with the sole of his foot, a straight blow,
as if it had been with his fist, and knocked him heels over head and
senseless, so that he had to be carried off from the field.  This
ugly way of hitting is the great trick of the French gavate, which is
not commonly thought able to stand its ground against English
pugilistic science.  These are old recollections, with not much to
recommend them, except, perhaps, a dash of life, which may be worth a
little something.

The young Marylander brought them all up, you may remember.  He
recalled to my mind those two splendid pieces of vitality I told you
of.  Both have been long dead. How often we see these great red-
flaring flambeaux of life blown out, as it were, by a puff of wind,
--and the little, single-wicked night-lamp of being, which some
white-faced and attenuated invalid shades with trembling fingers,
flickering on while they go out one after another, until its glimmer
is all that is left to us of the generation to which it belonged!

I told you that I was perfectly sure, beforehand, we should find some
pleasing girlish or womanly shape to fill the blank at our table and
match the dark-haired youth at the upper corner.

There she sits, at the very opposite corner, just as far off as
accident could put her from this handsome fellow, by whose side she
ought, of course, to be sitting.  One of the "positive" blondes, as
my friend, you may remember, used to call them.  Tawny-haired,
amber-eyed, full-throated, skin as white as a blanched almond.  Looks
dreamy to me, not self-conscious, though a black ribbon round her
neck sets it off as a Marie-Antoinette's diamond-necklace could not
do.  So in her dress, there is a harmony of tints that looks as if an
artist had run his eye over her and given a hint or two like the
finishing touch to a picture.  I can't help being struck with her,
for she is at once rounded and fine in feature, looks calm, as
blondes are apt to, and as if she might run wild, if she were trifled
with.  It is just as I knew it would be,--and anybody can see that
our young Marylander will be dead in love with her in a week.

Then if that little man would only turn out immensely rich and have
the good-nature to die and leave them all his money, it would be as
nice as a three-volume novel.

The Little Gentleman is in a flurry, I suspect, with the excitement
of having such a charming neighbor next him.  I judge so mainly by
his silence and by a certain rapt and serious look on his face, as if
he were thinking of something that had happened, or that might
happen, or that ought to happen,--or how beautiful her young life
looked, or how hardly Nature had dealt with him, or something which
struck him silent, at any rate.  I made several conversational
openings for him, but he did not fire up as he often does.  I even
went so far as to indulge in, a fling at the State House, which, as
we all know, is in truth a very imposing structure, covering less
ground than St. Peter's, but of similar general effect.  The little
man looked up, but did not reply to my taunt.  He said to the young
lady, however, that the State House was the Parthenon of our
Acropolis, which seemed to please her, for she smiled, and he
reddened a little,--so I thought.  I don't think it right to watch
persons who are the subjects of special infirmity,--but we all do it.

I see that they have crowded the chairs a little at that end of the
table, to make room for another newcomer of the lady sort.  A well-
mounted, middle-aged preparation, wearing her hair without a cap,--
pretty wide in the parting, though,--contours vaguely hinted,--
features very quiet,--says little as yet, but seems to keep her eye
on the young lady, as if having some responsibility for her
My record is a blank for some days after this.  In the mean time I
have contrived to make out the person and the story of our young
lady, who, according to appearances, ought to furnish us a heroine
for a boarding-house romance before a year is out.  It is very
curious that she should prove connected with a person many of us have
heard of.  Yet, curious as it is, I have been a hundred times struck
with the circumstance that the most remote facts are constantly
striking each other; just as vessels starting from ports thousands of
miles apart pass close to each other in the naked breadth of the
ocean, nay, sometimes even touch, in the dark, with a crack of
timbers, a gurgling of water, a cry of startled sleepers,--a cry
mysteriously echoed in warning dreams, as the wife of some Gloucester
fisherman, some coasting skipper, wakes with a shriek, calls the name
of her husband, and sinks back to uneasy slumbers upon her lonely
pillow,--a widow.

Oh, these mysterious meetings!  Leaving all the vague, waste, endless
spaces of the washing desert, the ocean-steamer and the fishing-smack
sail straight towards each other as if they ran in grooves ploughed
for them in the waters from the beginning of creation!  Not only
things and events, but our own thoughts, are so full of these
surprises, that, if there were a reader in my parish who did not
recognize the familiar occurrence of what I am now going to mention,
I should think it a case for the missionaries of the Society for the
Propagation of Intelligence among the Comfortable Classes.
There are about as many twins in the births of thought as of
children.  For the first time in your lives you learn some fact or
come across some idea.  Within an hour, a day, a week, that same fact
or idea strikes you from another quarter.  It seems as if it had
passed into space and bounded back upon you as an echo from the blank
wall that shuts in the world of thought.  Yet no possible connection
exists between the two channels by which the thought or the fact
arrived.  Let me give an infinitesimal illustration.

One of the Boys mentioned, the other evening, in the course of a very
pleasant poem he read us, a little trick of the Commons-table
boarders, which I, nourished at the parental board, had never heard
of.  Young fellows being always hungry--Allow me to stop dead-short,
in order to utter an aphorism which has been forming itself in one of
the blank interior spaces of my intelligence, like a crystal in the
cavity of a geode.

               Aphorism by the Professor.

In order to know whether a human being is young or old, offer it food
of different kinds at short intervals.  If young, it will eat
anything at any hour of the day or night.  If old, it observes stated
periods, and you might as well attempt to regulate the time of
highwater to suit a fishing-party as to change these periods.
The crucial experiment is this.  Offer a bulky and boggy bun to the
suspected individual just ten minutes before dinner.  If this is
eagerly accepted and devoured, the fact of youth is established.  If
the subject of the question starts back and expresses surprise and
incredulity, as if you could not possibly be in earnest, the fact of
maturity is no less clear.


--Excuse me,--I return to my story of the Commons-table.--Young
fellows being always hungry, and tea and dry toast being the meagre
fare of the evening meal, it was a trick of some of the Boys to
impale a slice of meat upon a fork, at dinner-time, and stick the
fork holding it beneath the table, so that they could get it at tea-
time.  The dragons that guarded this table of the Hesperides found
out the trick at last, and kept a sharp look-out for missing forks;--
they knew where to find one, if it was not in its place.--Now the
odd thing was, that, after waiting so many years to hear of this
college trick, I should hear it mentioned a second time within the
same twenty-four hours by a college youth of the present generation.
Strange, but true.  And so it has happened to me and to every person,
often and often, to be hit in rapid succession by these twinned facts
or thoughts, as if they were linked like chain-shot.

I was going to leave the simple reader to wonder over this, taking it
as an unexplained marvel.  I think, however, I will turn over a
furrow of subsoil in it.--The explanation is, of course, that in a
great many thoughts there must be a few coincidences, and these
instantly arrest our attention.  Now we shall probably never have the
least idea of the enormous number of impressions which pass through
our consciousness, until in some future life we see the photographic
record of our thoughts and the stereoscopic picture of our actions.
There go more pieces to make up a conscious life or a living body
than you think for.  Why, some of you were surprised when a friend of
mine told you there were fifty-eight separate pieces in a fiddle.
How many "swimming glands"--solid, organized, regularly formed,
rounded disks taking an active part in all your vital processes, part
and parcel, each one of them, of your corporeal being--do you suppose
are whirled along, like pebbles in a stream, with the blood which
warms your frame and colors your cheeks?--A noted German physiologist
spread out a minute drop of blood, under the microscope, in narrow
streaks, and counted the globules, and then made a calculation.  The
counting by the micrometer took him a week.--You have, my full-grown
friend, of these little couriers in crimson or scarlet livery,
running on your vital errands day and night as long as you live,
sixty-five billions, five hundred and seventy thousand millions.
Errors excepted.--Did I hear some gentleman say, "Doubted? "--I am
the Professor.  I sit in my chair with a petard under it that will
blow me through the skylight of my lecture-room, if I do not know
what I am talking about and whom I am quoting.

Now, my dear friends, who are putting your hands to your foreheads,
and saying to yourselves that you feel a little confused, as if you
had been waltzing until things began to whirl slightly round you, is
it possible that you do not clearly apprehend the exact connection of
all that I have been saying, and its bearing on what is now to come?
Listen, then.  The number of these living elements in our bodies
illustrates the incalculable multitude of our thoughts; the number of
our thoughts accounts for those frequent coincidences spoken of;
these coincidences in the world of thought illustrate those which we
constantly observe in the world of outward events, of which the
presence of the young girl now at our table, and proving to be the
daughter of an old acquaintance some of us may remember, is the
special example which led me through this labyrinth of reflections,
and finally lands me at the commencement of this young girl's story,
which, as I said, I have found the time and felt the interest to
learn something of, and which I think I can tell without wronging the
unconscious subject of my brief delineation.



IRIS.

You remember, perhaps, in some papers published awhile ago, an odd
poem written by an old Latin tutor?  He brought up at the verb amo, I
love, as all of us do, and by and by Nature opened her great living
dictionary for him at the word filia, a daughter.  The poor man was
greatly perplexed in choosing a name for her.  Lucretia and Virginia
were the first that he thought of; but then came up those pictured
stories of Titus Livius, which he could never read without crying,
though he had read them a hundred times.

--Lucretia sending for her husband and her father, each to bring one
friend with him, and awaiting them in her chamber.  To them her
wrongs briefly.  Let them see to the wretch,--she will take care of
herself.  Then the hidden knife flashes out and sinks into her heart.
She slides from her seat, and falls dying.  "Her husband and her
father cry aloud."--No, not Lucretia.

-Virginius,--a brown old soldier, father of a nice girl.  She engaged
to a very promising young man.  Decemvir Appius takes a violent fancy
to her,--must have her at any rate.  Hires a lawyer to present the
arguments in favor of the view that she was another man's daughter.
There used to be lawyers in Rome that would do such things.--All
right.   There are two sides to everything.  Audi alteram partem.
The legal gentleman has no opinion,--he only states the evidence.
--A doubtful case.  Let the young lady be under the protection of the
Honorable Decemvir until it can be looked up thoroughly.--Father
thinks it best, on the whole, to give in.  Will explain the matter,
if the young lady and her maid will step this way.  That is the
explanation,--a stab with a butcher's knife, snatched from a stall,
meant for other lambs than this poor bleeding Virginia

The old man thought over the story.  Then he must have one look at
the original.  So he took down the first volume and read it over.
When he came to that part where it tells how the young gentleman she
was engaged to and a friend of his took up the poor girl's bloodless
shape and carried it through the street, and how all the women
followed, wailing, and asking if that was what their daughters were
coming to,--if that was what they were to get for being good girls,--
he melted down into his accustomed tears of pity and grief, and,
through them all, of delight at the charming Latin of the narrative.
But it was impossible to call his child Virginia.  He could never
look at her without thinking she had a knife sticking in her bosom.

Dido would be a good name, and a fresh one.  She was a queen, and the
founder of a great city.  Her story had been immortalized by the
greatest of poets,--for the old Latin tutor clove to "Virgilius
Maro," as he called him, as closely as ever Dante did in his
memorable journey.  So he took down his Virgil, it was the smooth-
leafed, open-lettered quarto of Baskerville,--and began reading the
loves and mishaps of Dido.  It would n't do.  A lady who had not
learned discretion by experience, and came to an evil end.  He shook
his head, as he sadly repeated,

    "---misera ante diem, subitoque accensa furore;"

but when he came to the lines,

    "Ergo Iris croceis per coelum roscida pennis
     Mille trahens varios adverso Sole colores,"

he jumped up with a great exclamation, which the particular recording
angel who heard it pretended not to understand, or it might have gone
hard with the Latin tutor some time or other.

"Iris shall be her name!"--he said.  So her name was Iris.

--The natural end of a tutor is to perish by starvation.  It is only
a question of time, just as with the burning of college libraries.
These all burn up sooner or later, provided they are not housed in
brick or stone and iron.  I don't mean that you will see in the
registry of deaths that this or that particular tutor died of well-
marked, uncomplicated starvation.  They may, even, in extreme cases,
be carried off by a thin, watery kind of apoplexy, which sounds very
well in the returns, but means little to those who know that it is
only debility settling on the head.  Generally, however, they fade
and waste away under various pretexts,--calling it dyspepsia,
consumption, and so on, to put a decent appearance upon the case and
keep up the credit of the family and the institution where they have
passed through the successive stages of inanition.

In some cases it takes a great many years to kill a tutor by the
process in question.  You see they do get food and clothes and fuel,
in appreciable quantities, such as they are.  You will even notice
rows of books in their rooms, and a picture or two,--things that look
as if they had surplus money; but these superfluities are the water
of crystallization to scholars, and you can never get them away till
the poor fellows effloresce into dust.  Do not be deceived.  The
tutor breakfasts on coffee made of beans, edulcorated with milk
watered to the verge of transparency; his mutton is tough and
elastic, up to the moment when it becomes tired out and tasteless;
his coal is a sullen, sulphurous anthracite, which rusts into ashes,
rather than burns, in the shallow grate; his flimsy broadcloth is too
thin for winter and too thick for summer.  The greedy lungs of fifty
hot-blooded boys suck the oxygen from the air he breathes in his
recitation-room.  In short, he undergoes a process of gentle and
gradual starvation.

--The mother of little Iris was not called Electra, like hers of the
old story, neither was her grandfather Oceanus.  Her blood-name,
which she gave away with her heart to the Latin tutor, was a plain
old English one, and her water-name was Hannah, beautiful as
recalling the mother of Samuel, and admirable as reading equally well
from the initial letter forwards and from the terminal letter
backwards.  The poor lady, seated with her companion at the
chessboard of matrimony, had but just pushed forward her one little
white pawn upon an empty square, when the Black Knight, that cares
nothing for castles or kings or queens, swooped down upon her and
swept her from the larger board of life.

The old Latin tutor put a modest blue stone at the head of his late
companion, with her name and age and Eheu!  upon it,--a smaller one
at her feet, with initials; and left her by herself, to be rained and
snowed on,--which is a hard thing to do for those whom we have
cherished tenderly.

About the time that the lichens, falling on the stone, like drops of
water, had spread into fair, round rosettes, the tutor had starved
into a slight cough.  Then he began to draw the buckle of his black
trousers a little tighter, and took in another reef in his never-
ample waistcoat.  His temples got a little hollow, and the contrasts
of color in his cheeks more vivid than of old.  After a while his
walks fatigued him, and he was tired, and breathed hard after going
up a flight or two of stairs.  Then came on other marks of inward
trouble and general waste, which he spoke of to his physician as
peculiar, and doubtless owing to accidental causes; to all which the
doctor listened with deference, as if it had not been the old story
that one in five or six of mankind in temperate climates tells, or
has told for him, as if it were something new.  As the doctor went
out, he said to himself,--"On the rail at last.  Accommodation train.
A good many stops, but will get to the station by and by."  So the
doctor wrote a recipe with the astrological sign of Jupiter before
it, (just as your own physician does, inestimable reader, as you will
see, if you look at his next prescription,) and departed, saying he
would look in occasionally.  After this, the Latin tutor began the
usual course of "getting better," until he got so much better that
his face was very sharp, and when he smiled, three crescent lines
showed at each side of his lips, and when he spoke; it was in a
muffled whisper, and the white of his eye glistened as pearly as the
purest porcelain,--so much better, that he hoped--by spring--he----
might be able--to--attend------to his class again.--But he was
recommended not to expose himself, and so kept his chamber, and
occasionally, not having anything to do, his bed.  The unmarried
sister with whom he lived took care of him; and the child, now old
enough to be manageable and even useful in trifling offices, sat in
the chamber, or played, about.

Things could not go on so forever, of course.  One morning his face
was sunken and his hands were very, very cold.  He was "better," he
whispered, but sadly and faintly.  After a while he grew restless and
seemed a little wandering.  His mind ran on his classics, and fell
back on the Latin grammar.

"Iris!" he said,--"filiola mea!"--The child knew this meant my
dear little daughter as well as if it had been English.--"Rainbow!
"for he would translate her name at times,--"come to me,--veni"--and
his lips went on automatically, and murmured," vel venito!"--The
child came and sat by his bedside and took his hand, which she could
not warm, but which shot its rays of cold all through her slender
frame.  But there she sat, looking steadily at him.  Presently he
opened his lips feebly, and whispered, "Moribundus."  She did not
know what that meant, but she saw that there was something new and
sad.  So she began to cry; but presently remembering an old book that
seemed to comfort him at times, got up and brought a Bible in the
Latin version, called the Vulgate.  "Open it," he said,--"I will
read, segnius irritant,--don't put the light out,--ah!  hoeret
lateri,--I am going,--vale, vale, vale, goodbye, good-bye,--the Lord
take care of my child!  Domine, audi--vel audito!" His face whitened
suddenly, and he lay still, with open eyes and mouth.  He had taken
his last degree.

--Little Miss Iris could not be said to begin life with a very
brilliant rainbow over her, in a worldly point of view.  A limited
wardrobe of man's attire, such as poor tutors wear,--a few good
books, principally classics,--a print or two, and a plaster model of
the Pantheon, with some pieces of furniture which had seen service,--
these, and a child's heart full of tearful recollections and strange
doubts and questions, alternating with the cheap pleasures which are
the anodynes of childish grief; such were the treasures she
inherited.--No,--I forgot.  With that kindly sentiment which all of
us feel for old men's first children,--frost-flowers of the early
winter season, the old tutor's students had remembered him at a time
when he was laughing and crying with his new parental emotions, and
running to the side of the plain crib in which his alter egg, as he
used to say, was swinging, to hang over the little heap of stirring
clothes, from which looked the minute, red, downy, still, round face,
with unfixed eyes and working lips,--in that unearthly gravity which
has never yet been broken by a smile, and which gives to the earliest
moon-year or two of an infant's life the character of a first old
age, to counterpoise that second childhood which there is one chance
in a dozen it may reach by and by.  The boys had remembered the old
man and young father at that tender period of his hard, dry life.
There came to him a fair, silver goblet, embossed with classical
figures, and bearing on a shield the graver words, Ex dono
pupillorum.  The handle on its side showed what use the boys had
meant it for; and a kind letter in it, written with the best of
feeling, in the worst of Latin, pointed delicately to its
destination.  Out of this silver vessel, after a long, desperate,
strangling cry, which marked her first great lesson in the realities
of life, the child took the blue milk, such as poor tutors and their
children get, tempered with water, and sweetened a little, so as to
bring it nearer the standard established by the touching indulgence
and partiality of Nature,--who had mingled an extra allowance of
sugar in the blameless food of the child at its mother's breast, as
compared with that of its infant brothers and sisters of the bovine
race.

But a willow will grow in baked sand wet with rainwater.  An air-
plant will grow by feeding on the winds.  Nay, those huge forests
that overspread great continents have built themselves up mainly from
the air-currents with which they are always battling.  The oak is but
a foliated atmospheric crystal deposited from the aerial ocean that
holds the future vegetable world in solution.  The storm that tears
its leaves has paid tribute to its strength, and it breasts the
tornado clad in the spoils of a hundred hurricanes.

Poor little Iris!  What had she in common with the great oak in the
shadow of which we are losing sight of her?--She lived and grew like
that,--this was all.  The blue milk ran into her veins and filled
them with thin, pure blood.  Her skin was fair, with a faint tinge,
such as the white rosebud shows before it opens.  The doctor who had
attended her father was afraid her aunt would hardly be able to
"raise " her,--"delicate child,"--hoped she was not consumptive,--
thought there was a fair chance she would take after her father.

A very forlorn-looking person, dressed in black, with a white
neckcloth, sent her a memoir of a child who died at the age of two
years and eleven months, after having fully indorsed all the
doctrines of the particular persuasion to which he not only belonged
himself, but thought it very shameful that everybody else did not
belong.  What with foreboding looks and dreary death-bed stories, it
was a wonder the child made out to live through it.  It saddened her
early years, of course,--it distressed her tender soul with thoughts
which, as they cannot be fully taken in, should be sparingly used as
instruments of torture to break down the natural cheerfulness of a
healthy child, or, what is infinitely worse, to cheat a dying one out
of the kind illusions with which the Father of All has strewed its
downward path.

The child would have died, no doubt, and, if properly managed, might
have added another to the long catalogue of wasting children who have
been as cruelly played upon by spiritual physiologists, often with
the best intentions, as ever the subject of a rare disease by the
curious students of science.

Fortunately for her, however, a wise instinct had guided the late
Latin tutor in the selection of the partner of his life, and the
future mother of his child.  The deceased tutoress was a tranquil,
smooth woman, easily nourished, as such people are,--a quality which
is inestimable in a tutor's wife,--and so it happened that the
daughter inherited enough vitality from the mother to live through
childhood and infancy and fight her way towards womanhood, in spite
of the tendencies she derived from her other parent.

--Two and two do not always make four, in this matter of hereditary
descent of qualities.  Sometimes they make three, and sometimes five.
It seems as if the parental traits at one time showed separate, at
another blended,--that occasionally, the force of two natures is
represented in the derivative one by a diagonal of greater value than
either original line of living movement,--that sometimes there is a
loss of vitality hardly to be accounted for, and again a forward
impulse of variable intensity in some new and unforeseen direction.

So it was with this child.  She had glanced off from her parental
probabilities at an unexpected angle.  Instead of taking to classical
learning like her father, or sliding quietly into household duties
like her mother, she broke out early in efforts that pointed in the
direction of Art.  As soon as she could hold a pencil she began to
sketch outlines of objects round her with a certain air and spirit.
Very extraordinary horses, but their legs looked as if they could
move.  Birds unknown to Audubon, yet flying, as it were, with a rush.
Men with impossible legs, which did yet seem to have a vital
connection with their most improbable bodies.  By-and-by the doctor,
on his beast,--an old man with a face looking as if Time had kneaded
it like dough with his knuckles, with a rhubarb tint and flavor
pervading himself and his sorrel horse and all their appurtenances.
A dreadful old man!  Be sure she did not forget those saddle-bags
that held the detestable bottles out of which he used to shake those
loathsome powders which, to virgin childish palates that find heaven
in strawberries and peaches, are--Well, I suppose I had better stop.
Only she wished she was dead sometimes when she heard him coming.
On the next leaf would figure the gentleman with the black coat and
white cravat, as he looked when he came and entertained her with
stories concerning the death of various little children about her
age, to encourage her, as that wicked Mr. Arouet said about shooting
Admiral Byng.   Then she would take her pencil, and with a few
scratches there would be the outline of a child, in which you might
notice how one sudden sweep gave the chubby cheek, and two dots
darted at the paper looked like real eyes.

By-and-by she went to school, and caricatured the schoolmaster on the
leaves of her grammars and geographies, and drew the faces of her
companions, and, from time to time, heads and figures from her fancy,
with large eyes, far apart, like those of Raffaelle's mothers and
children, sometimes with wild floating hair, and then with wings and
heads thrown back in ecstasy.  This was at about twelve years old, as
the dates of these drawings show, and, therefore, three or four years
before she came among us.  Soon after this time, the ideal figures
began to take the place of portraits and caricatures, and a new
feature appeared in her drawing-books in the form of fragments of
verse and short poems.

It was dull work, of course, for such a young girl to live with an
old spinster and go to a village school.  Her books bore testimony to
this; for there was a look of sadness in the faces she drew, and a
sense of weariness and longing for some imaginary conditions of
blessedness or other, which began to be painful.  She might have gone
through this flowering of the soul, and, casting her petals, subsided
into a sober, human berry, but for the intervention of friendly
assistance and counsel.

In the town where she lived was a lady of honorable condition,
somewhat past middle age, who was possessed of pretty ample means, of
cultivated tastes, of excellent principles, of exemplary character,
and of more than common accomplishments.  The gentleman in black
broadcloth and white neckerchief only echoed the common voice about
her, when he called her, after enjoying, beneath her hospitable roof,
an excellent cup of tea, with certain elegancies and luxuries he was.
unaccustomed to, "The Model of all the Virtues."

She deserved this title as well as almost any woman.  She did really
bristle with moral excellences.  Mention any good thing she had not
done; I should like to see you try!  There was no handle of weakness
to take hold of her by; she was as unseizable, except in her
totality, as a billiard-ball; and on the broad, green, terrestrial
table, where she had been knocked about, like all of us, by the cue
of Fortune, she glanced from every human contact, and "caromed" from
one relation to another, and rebounded from the stuffed cushion of
temptation, with such exact and perfect angular movements, that the
Enemy's corps of Reporters had long given up taking notes of her
conduct, as there was no chance for their master.

What an admirable person for the patroness and directress of a
slightly self-willed child, with the lightning zigzag line of genius
running like a glittering vein through the marble whiteness of her
virgin nature!  One of the lady-patroness's peculiar virtues was
calmness.  She was resolute and strenuous, but still.  You could
depend on her for every duty; she was as true as steel.  She was
kind-hearted and serviceable in all the relations of life.  She had
more sense, more knowledge, more conversation, as well as more
goodness, than all the partners you have waltzed with this winter put
together.

Yet no man was known to have loved her, or even to have offered
himself to her in marriage.  It was a great wonder.  I am very
anxious to vindicate my character as a philosopher and an observer of
Nature by accounting for this apparently extraordinary fact.

You may remember certain persons who have the misfortune of
presenting to the friends whom they meet a cold, damp hand.  There
are states of mind in which a contact of this kind has a depressing
effect on the vital powers that makes us insensible to all the
virtues and graces of the proprietor of one of these life-absorbing
organs.  When they touch us, virtue passes out of us, and we feel as
if our electricity had been drained by a powerful negative battery,
carried about by an overgrown human torpedo.

"The Model of all the Virtues" had a pair of searching eyes as clear
as Wenham ice; but they were slower to melt than that fickle jewelry.
Her features disordered themselves slightly at times in a surface-
smile, but never broke loose from their corners and indulged in the
riotous tumult of a laugh,--which, I take it, is the mob-law of the
features;--and propriety the magistrate who reads the riot-act.  She
carried the brimming cup of her inestimable virtues with a cautious,
steady hand, and an eye always on them, to see that they did not
spill.  Then she was an admirable judge of character.  Her mind was a
perfect laboratory of tests and reagents; every syllable you put into
breath went into her intellectual eudiometer, and all your thoughts
were recorded on litmus-paper.  I think there has rarely been a more
admirable woman.  Of course, Miss Iris was immensely and passionately
attached to her.--Well,--these are two highly oxygenated adverbs,--
grateful,--suppose we say,--yes,--grateful, dutiful, obedient to her
wishes for the most part,--perhaps not quite up to the concert pitch
of such a perfect orchestra of the virtues.

We must have a weak spot or two in a character before we can love it
much.  People that do not laugh or cry, or take more of anything than
is good for them, or use anything but dictionary-words, are admirable
subjects for biographies.  But we don't always care most for those
flat-pattern flowers that press best in the herbarium.

This immaculate woman,--why could n't she have a fault or two?
Is n't there any old whisper which will tarnish that wearisome
aureole of saintly perfection?  Does n't she carry a lump of opium in
her pocket?  Is n't her cologne-bottle replenished oftener than its
legitimate use would require?  It would be such a comfort!

Not for the world would a young creature like Iris have let such
words escape her, or such thoughts pass through her mind.  Whether at
the bottom of her soul lies any uneasy consciousness of an oppressive
presence, it is hard to say, until we know more about her.  Iris sits
between the Little Gentleman and the "Model of all the Virtues," as
the black-coated personage called her.--I will watch them all.

--Here I stop for the present.  What the Professor said has had to
make way this time for what he saw and heard.

-And now you may read these lines, which were written for gentle
souls who love music, and read in even tones, and, perhaps, with
something like a smile upon the reader's lips, at a meeting where
these musical friends had gathered.  Whether they were written with
smiles or not, you can guess better after you have read them.


               THE OPENING OF THE PIANO.

In the little southern parlor of the house you may have seen
With the gambrel-roof, and the gable looking westward to the green,
At the side toward the sunset, with the window on its right,
Stood the London-made piano I am dreaming of to-night.

Ah me! how I remember the evening when it came!
What a cry of eager voices, what a group of cheeks in flame,
When the wondrous boa was opened that had come from over seas,
With its smell of mastic-varnish and its flash of ivory keys!

Then the children all grew fretful in the restlessness of joy,
For the boy would push his sister, and the sister crowd the boy,
Till the father asked for quiet in his grave paternal way,
But the mother hushed the tumult with the words, "Now, Mary, play."

For the dear soul knew that music was a very sovereign balm;
She had sprinkled it over Sorrow and seen its brow grow calm,
In the days of slender harpsichords with tapping tinkling quills,
Or caroling to her spinet with its thin metallic thrills.

So Mary, the household minstrel, who always loved to please,
Sat down to the new "Clementi," and struck the glittering keys.
Hushed were the children's voices, and every eye grew dim,
As, floating from lip and finger, arose the "Vesper Hymn."

--Catharine, child of a neighbor, curly and rosy-red,
(Wedded since, and a widow,--something like ten years dead,)
Hearing a gush of music such as none before,
Steals from her mother's chamber and peeps at the open door.

Just as the "Jubilate " in threaded whisper dies,
--"Open it! open it, lady!" the little maiden cries,
(For she thought't was a singing creature caged in a box she heard,)
"Open it! open it, lady! and let me see the bird!"




IV

I don't know whether our literary or professional people are more
amiable than they are in other places, but certainly quarrelling is
out of fashion among them.  This could never be, if they were in the
habit of secret anonymous puffing of each other.  That is the kind of
underground machinery which manufactures false reputations and
genuine hatreds.  On the other hand, I should like to know if we are
not at liberty to have a good time together, and say the pleasantest
things we can think of to each other, when any of us reaches his
thirtieth or fortieth or fiftieth or eightieth birthday.

We don't have "scenes," I warrant you, on these occasions.  No
"surprise" parties!  You understand these, of course.  In the rural
districts, where scenic tragedy and melodrama cannot be had, as in
the city, at the expense of a quarter and a white pocket-
handkerchief, emotional excitement has to be sought in the dramas of
real life.  Christenings, weddings, and funerals, especially the
latter, are the main dependence; but babies, brides, and deceased
citizens cannot be had at a day's notice.  Now, then, for a surprise-
party!

A bag of flour, a barrel of potatoes, some strings of onions, a
basket of apples, a big cake and many little cakes, a jug of
lemonade, a purse stuffed with bills of the more modest
denominations, may, perhaps, do well enough for the properties in one
of these private theatrical exhibitions.  The minister of the parish,
a tender-hearted, quiet, hard-working man, living on a small salary,
with many children, sometimes pinched to feed and clothe them,
praying fervently every day to be blest in his "basket and store,"
but sometimes fearing he asks amiss, to judge by the small returns,
has the first role,--not, however, by his own choice, but forced upon
him.  The minister's wife, a sharp-eyed, unsentimental body, is first
lady; the remaining parts by the rest of the family.  If they only
had a playbill, it would run thus:


                     ON TUESDAY NEXT
                    WILL BE PRESENTED
                   THE AFFECTING SCENE
                         CALLED

                   THE SURPRISE-PARTY

                           OR

                  THE OVERCOME FAMILY;


WITH THE FOLLOWING STRONG CAST OF CHARACTERS.

The Rev.  Mr. Overcome, by the Clergyman of this Parish.
Mrs.  Overcome, by his estimable lady.
Masters Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John Overcome,
Misses Dorcas, Tabitha, Rachel, and Hannah, Overcome, by their
interesting children.
Peggy, by the female help.

The poor man is really grateful;--it is a most welcome and unexpected
relief.  He tries to express his thanks,--his voice falters,--he
chokes,--and bursts into tears.  That is the great effect of the
evening.  The sharp-sighted lady cries a little with one eye, and
counts the strings of onions, and the rest of the things, with the
other.  The children stand ready for a spring at the apples.  The
female help weeps after the noisy fashion of untutored handmaids.

Now this is all very well as charity, but do let the kind visitors
remember they get their money's worth.  If you pay a quarter for dry
crying, done by a second-rate actor, how much ought you to pay for
real hot, wet tears, out of the honest eyes of a gentleman who is not
acting, but sobbing in earnest?

All I meant to say, when I began, was, that this was not a surprise-
party where I read these few lines that follow:

We will not speak of years to-night;
For what have years to bring,
But larger floods of love and light
And sweeter songs to sing?

We will not drown in wordy praise
The kindly thoughts that rise;
If friendship owns one tender phrase,
He reads it in our eyes.

We need not waste our schoolboy art
To gild this notch of time;
Forgive me, if my wayward heart
Has throbbed in artless rhyme.

Enough for him the silent grasp
That knits us hand in hand,
And he the bracelet's radiant clasp
That locks our circling band.

Strength to his hours of manly toil!
Peace to his starlit dreams!
Who loves alike the furrowed soil,
The music-haunted streams!

Sweet smiles to keep forever bright
The sunshine on his lips,
And faith, that sees the ring of light
Round Nature's last eclipse!


--One of our boarders has been talking in such strong language that I
am almost afraid to report it.  However, as he seems to be really
honest and is so very sincere in his local prejudices, I don't
believe anybody will be very angry with him.

It is here, Sir!  right here!--said the little deformed gentleman,--
in this old new city of Boston,--this remote provincial corner of a
provincial nation, that the Battle of the Standard is fighting, and
was fighting before we were born, and will be fighting when we are
dead and gone,--please God!  The battle goes on everywhere throughout
civilization; but here, here, here is the broad white flag flying
which proclaims, first of all, peace and good-will to men, and, next
to that, the absolute, unconditional spiritual liberty of each
individual immortal soul!  The three-hilled city against the seven-
hilled city!  That is it, Sir,--nothing less than that; and if you
know what that means, I don't think you'll ask for anything more.  I
swear to you, Sir, I believe that these two centres of civilization
are just exactly the two points that close the circuit in the battery
of our planetary intelligence!  And I believe there are spiritual
eyes looking out from Uranus and unseen Neptune,--ay, Sir, from the
systems of Sirius and Arcturus and Aldebaran, and as far as that
faint stain of sprinkled worlds confluent in the distance that we
call the nebula of Orion,--looking on, Sir, with what organs I know
not, to see which are going to melt in that fiery fusion, the
accidents and hindrances of humanity or man himself, Sir,--the
stupendous abortion, the illustrious failure that he is, if the
three-hilled city does not ride down and trample out the seven-hilled
city!

--Steam 's up!--said the young man John, so called, in a low tone.
--Three hundred and sixty-five tons to the square inch.  Let him blow
her off, or he'll bu'st his b'iler.

The divinity-student took it calmly, only whispering that he thought
there was a little confusion of images between a galvanic battery and
a charge of cavalry.

But the Koh-i-noor--the gentleman, you remember, with a very large
diamond in his shirt-front laughed his scornful laugh, and made as if
to speak.

Sail in, Metropolis!--said that same young man John, by name.  And
then, in a lower lane, not meaning to be heard,--Now, then, Ma'am
Allen!

But he was heard,--and the Koh-i-noor's face turned so white with
rage, that his blue-black moustache and beard looked fearful, seen
against it.  He grinned with wrath, and caught at a tumbler, as if he
would have thrown it or its contents at the speaker.  The young
Marylander fixed his clear, steady eye upon him, and laid his hand on
his arm, carelessly almost, but the Jewel found it was held so that
he could not move it.  It was of no use.  The youth was his master in
muscle, and in that deadly Indian hug in which men wrestle with their
eyes;--over in five seconds, but breaks one of their two backs, and
is good for threescore years and ten;--one trial enough,--settles the
whole matter,--just as when two feathered songsters of the barnyard,
game and dunghill, come together,-after a jump or two at each other,
and a few sharp kicks, there is the end of it; and it is, Apres vous,
Monsieur, with the beaten party in all the social relations for all
the rest of his days.

I cannot philosophically account for the Koh-i-noor's wrath.  For
though a cosmetic is sold, bearing the name of the lady to whom
reference was made by the young person John, yet, as it is publicly
asserted in respectable prints that this cosmetic is not a dye, I see
no reason why he should have felt offended by any suggestion that he
was indebted to it or its authoress.

I have no doubt that there are certain exceptional complexions to
which the purple tinge, above alluded to, is natural.  Nature is
fertile in variety.  I saw an albiness in London once, for sixpence,
(including the inspection of a stuffed boa-constrictor,) who looked
as if she had been boiled in milk.  A young Hottentot of my
acquaintance had his hair all in little pellets of the size of
marrow-fat peas.  One of my own classmates has undergone a singular
change of late years,--his hair losing its original tint, and getting
a remarkable discolored look; and another has ceased to cultivate any
hair at all over the vertex or crown of the head.  So I am perfectly
willing to believe that the purple-black of the Koh-i-noor's
moustache and whiskers is constitutional and not pigmentary.  But I
can't think why he got so angry.

The intelligent reader will understand that all this pantomime of the
threatened onslaught and its suppression passed so quickly that it
was all over by the time the other end of the table found out there
was a disturbance; just as a man chopping wood half a mile off may be
seen resting on his axe at the instant you hear the last blow he
struck.  So you will please to observe that the Little Gentleman was
not, interrupted during the time implied by these ex-post-facto
remarks of mine, but for some ten or fifteen seconds only.

He did not seem to mind the interruption at all, for he started
again.  The "Sir" of his harangue was no doubt addressed to myself
more than anybody else, but he often uses it in discourse as if he
were talking with some imaginary opponent.

--America, Sir,--he exclaimed,--is the only place where man is full-
grown!

He straightened himself up, as he spoke, standing on the top round of
his high chair, I suppose, and so presented the larger part of his
little figure to the view of the boarders.

It was next to impossible to keep from laughing.  The commentary was
so strange an illustration of the text!  I thought it was time to put
in a word; for I have lived in foreign parts, and am more or less
cosmopolitan.

I doubt if we have more practical freedom in America than they have
in England,---I said.--An Englishman thinks as he likes in religion
and politics.  Mr. Martineau speculates as freely as ever Dr.
Channing did, and Mr. Bright is as independent as Mr. Seward.

Sir,--said he,--it is n't what a man thinks or says; but when and
where and to whom he thinks and says it.  A man with a flint and
steel striking sparks over a wet blanket is one thing, and striking
them over a tinder-box is another.  The free Englishman is born under
protest; he lives and dies under protest,--a tolerated, but not a
welcome fact.  Is not freethinker a term of reproach in England?  The
same idea in the soul of an Englishman who struggled up to it and
still holds it antagonistically, and in the soul of an American to
whom it is congenital and spontaneous, and often unrecognized, except
as an element blended with all his thoughts, a natural movement, like
the drawing of his breath or the beating of his heart, is a very
different thing.  You may teach a quadruped to walk on his hind legs,
but he is always wanting to be on all fours.  Nothing that can be
taught a growing youth is like the atmospheric knowledge he breathes
from his infancy upwards.  The American baby sucks in freedom with
the milk of the breast at which he hangs.

--That's a good joke,--said the young fellow John,--considerin' it
commonly belongs to a female Paddy.

I thought--I will not be certain--that the Little Gentleman winked,
as if he had been hit somewhere--as I have no doubt Dr. Darwin did
when the wooden-spoon suggestion upset his theory about why, etc.  If
he winked, however, he did not dodge.

A lively comment!--he said.--But Rome, in her great founder, sucked
the blood of empire out of the dugs of a brute, Sir!  The Milesian
wet-nurse is only a convenient vessel through which the American
infant gets the life-blood of this virgin soil, Sir, that is making
man over again, on the sunset pattern!  You don't think what we are
doing and going to do here.  Why, Sir, while commentators are
bothering themselves with interpretation of prophecies, we have got
the new heavens and the new earth over us and under us!  Was there
ever anything in Italy, I should like to know, like a Boston sunset?

--This time there was a laugh, and the little man himself almost
smiled.

Yes,--Boston sunsets;--perhaps they're as good in some other places,
but I know 'em best here.  Anyhow, the American skies are different
from anything they see in the Old World.  Yes, and the rocks are
different, and the soil is different, and everything that comes out
of the soil, from grass up to Indians, is different.  And now that
the provisional races are dying out-

--What do you mean by the provisional races, Sir?--said the divinity-
student, interrupting him.

Why, the aboriginal bipeds, to be sure,--he answered,--the red-crayon
sketch of humanity laid on the canvas before the colors for the real
manhood were ready.

I hope they will come to something yet,--said the divinity-student.

Irreclaimable, Sir,--irreclaimable!--said the Little Gentleman.
--Cheaper to breed white men than domesticate a nation of red ones.
When you can get the bitter out of the partridge's thigh, you can
make an enlightened commonwealth of Indians.  A provisional race,
Sir,--nothing more.  Exhaled carbonic acid for the use of vegetation,
kept down the bears and catamounts, enjoyed themselves in scalping
and being scalped, and then passed away or are passing away,
according to the programme.

Well, Sir, these races dying out, the white man has to acclimate
himself.  It takes him a good while; but he will come all right by-
and-by, Sir,--as sound as a woodchuck,--as sound as a musquash!

A new nursery, Sir, with Lake Superior and Huron and all the rest of
'em for wash-basins!  A new race, and a whole new world for the new-
born human soul to work in!  And Boston is the brain of it, and has
been any time these hundred years!  That's all I claim for Boston,--
that it is the thinking centre of the continent, and therefore of the
planet.

--And the grand emporium of modesty,--said the divinity-student, a
little mischievously.

Oh, don't talk to me of modesty!--answered the Little Gentleman,--I
'm past that!  There is n't a thing that was ever said or done in
Boston, from pitching the tea overboard to the last ecclesiastical
lie it tore into tatters and flung into the dock, that was n't
thought very indelicate by some fool or tyrant or bigot, and all the
entrails of commercial and spiritual conservatism are twisted into
colics as often as this revolutionary brain of ours has a fit of
thinking come over it.--No, Sir,--show me any other place that is,
or was since the megalosaurus has died out, where wealth and social
influence are so fairly divided between the stationary and the
progressive classes!  Show me any other place where every other
drawing-room is not a chamber of the Inquisition, with papas and
mammas for inquisitors,--and the cold shoulder, instead of the "dry
pan and the gradual fire," the punishment of "heresy"!

--We think Baltimore is a pretty civilized kind of a village,--said
the young Marylander, good-naturedly.--But I suppose you can't
forgive it for always keeping a little ahead of Boston in point of
numbers,--tell the truth now.  Are we not the centre of something?

Ah, indeed, to be sure you are.  You are the gastronomic metropolis
of the Union.  Why don't you put a canvas-back-duck on the top of the
Washington column?  Why don't you get that lady off from Battle
Monument and plant a terrapin in her place?  Why will you ask for
other glories when you have soft crabs?  No, Sir,--you live too well
to think as hard as we do in Boston.  Logic comes to us with the
salt-fish of Cape Ann; rhetoric is born of the beans of Beverly; but
you--if you open your mouths to speak, Nature stops them with a fat
oyster, or offers a slice of the breast of your divine bird, and
silences all your aspirations.

And what of Philadelphia?--said the Marylander.

Oh, Philadelphia?--Waterworks,--killed by the Croton and Cochituate;-
-Ben Franklin,--borrowed from Boston;--David Rittenhouse,--made an
orrery;--Benjamin Rush,--made a medical system;--both interesting to
antiquarians;--great Red-river raft of medical students,--spontaneous
generation of professors to match;--more widely known through the
Moyamensing hose-company, and the Wistar parties;-for geological
section of social strata, go to The Club.--Good place to live in,
--first-rate market,--tip-top peaches.--What do we know about
Philadelphia, except that the engine-companies are always shooting
each other?

And what do you say to New York?--asked the Koh-i-noor.

A great city, Sir,--replied the Little Gentleman,--a very opulent,
splendid city.  A point of transit of much that is remarkable, and of
permanence for much that is respectable.  A great money-centre.  San
Francisco with the mines above-ground,--and some of 'em under the
sidewalks.  I have seen next to nothing grandiose, out of New York,
in all our cities.  It makes 'em all look paltry and petty.  Has many
elements of civilization.  May stop where Venice did, though, for
aught we know.--The order of its development is just this:--Wealth;
architecture; upholstery; painting; sculpture.  Printing, as a
mechanical art,--just as Nicholas Jepson and the Aldi, who were
scholars too, made Venice renowned for it.  Journalism, which is the
accident of business and crowded populations, in great perfection.
Venice got as far as Titian and Paul Veronese and Tintoretto,--great
colorists, mark you, magnificent on the flesh-and-blood side of Art,-
-but look over to Florence and see who lie in Santa Crocea, and ask
out of whose loins Dante sprung!

Oh, yes, to be sure, Venice built her Ducal Palace, and her Church of
St. Mark, and her Casa d' Or, and the rest of her golden houses; and
Venice had great pictures and good music; and Venice had a Golden
Book, in which all the large tax-payers had their names written;--but
all that did not make Venice the brain of Italy.

I tell you what, Sir,--with all these magnificent appliances of
civilization, it is time we began to hear something from the djinnis
donee whose names are on the Golden Book of our sumptuous, splendid,
marble-placed Venice,--something in the higher walks of literature,--
something in the councils of the nation.  Plenty of Art, I grant you,
Sir; now, then, for vast libraries, and for mighty scholars and
thinkers and statesmen,--five for every Boston one, as the population
is to ours,--ten to one more properly, in virtue of centralizing
attraction as the alleged metropolis, and not call our people
provincials, and have to come begging to us to write the lives of
Hendrik Hudson and Gouverneur Morris!

--The Little Gentleman was on his hobby, exalting his own city at the
expense of every other place.  I have my doubts if he had been in
either of the cities he had been talking about.  I was just going to
say something to sober him down, if I could, when the young
Marylander spoke up.

Come, now,--he said,--what's the use of these comparisons?  Did n't I
hear this gentleman saying, the other day, that every American owns
all America?  If you have really got more brains in Boston than other
folks, as you seem to think, who hates you for it, except a pack of
scribbling fools?  If I like Broadway better than Washington Street,
what then?  I own them both, as much as anybody owns either. I am an
American,--and wherever I look up and see the stars and stripes
overhead, that is home to me!

He spoke, and looked up as if he heard the emblazoned folds crackling
over him in the breeze.  We all looked up involuntarily, as if we
should see the national flag by so doing.  The sight of the dingy
ceiling and the gas-fixture depending therefrom dispelled the
illusion.

Bravo!  bravo!--said the venerable gentleman on the other side of the
table.--Those are the sentiments of Washington's Farewell Address.
Nothing better than that since the last chapter in Revelations.
Five-and-forty years ago there used to be Washington societies, and
little boys used to walk in processions, each little boy having a
copy of the Address, bound in red, hung round his neck by a ribbon.
Why don't they now?  Why don't they now?  I saw enough of hating each
other in the old Federal times; now let's love each other, I say,--
let's love each other, and not try to make it out that there is n't
any place fit to live in except the one we happen to be born in.

It dwarfs the mind, I think,--said I,--to feed it on any localism.
The full stature of manhood is shrivelled--

The color burst up into my cheeks.  What was I saying,--I, who would
not for the world have pained our unfortunate little boarder by an
allusion?

I will go,--he said,--and made a movement with his left arm to let
himself down from his high chair.

No,--no,--he does n't mean it,--you must not go,--said a kind voice
next him; and a soft, white hand was laid upon his arm.

Iris, my dear!--exclaimed another voice, as of a female, in accents
that might be considered a strong atmospheric solution of duty with
very little flavor of grace.

She did not move for this address, and there was a tableau that
lasted some seconds.  For the young girl, in the glory of half-blown
womanhood, and the dwarf, the cripple, the misshapen little creature
covered with Nature's insults, looked straight into each other's
eyes.

Perhaps no handsome young woman had ever looked at him so in his
life.  Certainly the young girl never had looked into eyes that
reached into her soul as these did.  It was not that they were in
themselves supernaturally bright,--but there was the sad fire in them
that flames up from the soul of one who looks on the beauty of woman
without hope, but, alas! not without emotion.  To him it seemed as if
those amber gates had been translucent as the brown water of a
mountain brook, and through them he had seen dimly into a virgin
wilderness, only waiting for the sunrise of a great passion for all
its buds to blow and all its bowers to ring with melody.

That is my image, of course,--not his.  It was not a simile that was
in his mind, or is in anybody's at such a moment,--it was a pang of
wordless passion, and then a silent, inward moan.

A lady's wish,--he said, with a certain gallantry of manner,--makes
slaves of us all.--And Nature, who is kind to all her children, and
never leaves the smallest and saddest of all her human failures
without one little comfit of self-love at the bottom of his poor
ragged pocket,--Nature suggested to him that he had turned his
sentence well; and he fell into a reverie, in which the old thoughts
that were always hovering dust outside the doors guarded by Common
Sense, and watching for a chance to squeeze in, knowing perfectly
well they would be ignominiously kicked out again as soon as Common
Sense saw them, flocked in pell-mell,--misty, fragmentary, vague,
half-ashamed of themselves, but still shouldering up against his
inner consciousness till it warmed with their contact:--John
Wilkes's--the ugliest man's in England--saying, that with half-an-
hour's start he would cut out the handsomest man in all the land in
any woman's good graces; Cadenus--old and savage--leading captive
Stella and Vanessa; and then the stray line of a ballad, "And a
winning tongue had he,"--as much as to say, it is n't looks, after
all, but cunning words, that win our Eves over,--just as of old when
it was the worst-looking brute of the lot that got our grandmother to
listen to his stuff and so did the mischief.

Ah, dear me!  We rehearse the part of Hercules with his club,
subjugating man and woman in our fancy, the first by the weight of
it, and the second by our handling of it,--we rehearse it, I say, by
our own hearth-stones, with the cold poker as our club, and the
exercise is easy.  But when we come to real life, the poker is in the
fore, and, ten to one, if we would grasp it, we find it too hot to
hold;--lucky for us, if it is not white-hot, and we do not have to
leave the skin of our hands sticking to it when we fling it down or
drop it with a loud or silent cry!

--I am frightened when I find into what a labyrinth of human
character and feeling I am winding.  I meant to tell my thoughts, and
to throw in a few studies of manner and costume as they pictured
themselves for me from day to day.  Chance has thrown together at the
table with me a number of persons who are worth studying, and I mean
not only to look on them, but, if I can, through them.  You can get
any man's or woman's secret, whose sphere is circumscribed by your
own, if you will only look patiently on them long enough.  Nature is
always applying her reagents to character, if you will take the pains
to watch her.  Our studies of character, to change the image, are
very much like the surveyor's triangulation of a geographical
province.  We get a base-line in organization, always; then we get an
angle by sighting some distant object to which the passions or
aspirations of the subject of our observation are tending; then
another;--and so we construct our first triangle.  Once fix a man's
ideals, and for the most part the rest is easy.  A wants to die worth
half a million.  Good.  B (female) wants to catch him,--and outlive
him.  All right.  Minor details at our leisure.

What is it, of all your experiences, of all your thoughts, of all
your misdoings, that lies at the very bottom of the great heap of
acts of consciousness which make up your past life?  What should you
most dislike to tell your nearest friend?--Be so good as to pause for
a brief space, and shut the volume you hold with your finger between
the pages.--Oh, that is it!

What a confessional I have been sitting at, with the inward ear of my
soul open, as the multitudinous whisper of my involuntary confidants
came back to me like the reduplicated echo of a cry among the craggy
bills!

At the house of a friend where I once passed the night was one of
those stately upright cabinet desks and cases of drawers which were
not rare in prosperous families during the last century.  It had held
the clothes and the books and the papers of generation after
generation.  The hands that opened its drawers had grown withered,
shrivelled, and at last been folded in death.  The children that
played with the lower handles had got tall enough to open the desk,
to reach the upper shelves behind the folding-doors,--grown bent
after a while,--and then followed those who had gone before, and left
the old cabinet to be ransacked by a new generation.

A boy of ten or twelve was looking at it a few years ago, and, being
a quick-witted fellow, saw that all the space was not accounted for
by the smaller drawers in the part beneath the lid of the desk.
Prying about with busy eyes and fingers, he at length came upon a
spring, on pressing which, a secret drawer flew from its hiding-
place.  It had never been opened but by the maker.  The mahogany
shavings and dust were lying in it as when the artisan closed it,--
and when I saw it, it was as fresh as if that day finished.

Is there not one little drawer in your soul, my sweet reader, which
no hand but yours has ever opened, and which none that have known you
seem to have suspected?  What does it hold?--A sin?--I hope not.
What a strange thing an old dead sin laid away in a secret drawer of
the soul is!  Must it some time or other be moistened with tears,
until it comes to life again and begins to stir in our
consciousness,--as the dry wheel-animalcule, looking like a grain of
dust, becomes alive, if it is wet with a drop of water?

Or is it a passion?  There are plenty of withered men and women
walking about the streets who have the secret drawer in their hearts,
which, if it were opened, would show as fresh as it was when they
were in the flush of youth and its first trembling emotions.

What it held will, perhaps, never be known, until they are dead and
gone, and same curious eye lights on an old yellow letter with the
fossil footprints of the extinct passion trodden thick all over it.

There is not a boarder at our table, I firmly believe, excepting the
young girl, who has not a story of the heart to tell, if one could
only get the secret drawer open.  Even this arid female, whose armor
of black bombazine looks stronger against the shafts of love than any
cuirass of triple brass, has had her sentimental history, if I am not
mistaken.  I will tell you my reason for suspecting it.

Like many other old women, she shows a great nervousness and
restlessness whenever I venture to express any opinion upon a class
of subjects which can hardly be said to belong to any man or set of
men as their strictly private property,--not even to the clergy, or
the newspapers commonly called "religious."  Now, although it would
be a great luxury to me to obtain my opinions by contract, ready-
made, from a professional man, and although I have a constitutional
kindly feeling to all sorts of good people which would make me happy
to agree with all their beliefs, if that were possible, still I must
have an idea, now and then, as to the meaning of life; and though the
only condition of peace in this world is to have no ideas, or, at
least, not to express them, with reference to such subjects, I can't
afford to pay quite so much as that even for peace.

I find that there is a very prevalent opinion among the dwellers on
the shores of Sir Isaac Newton's Ocean of Truth, that salt, fish,
which have been taken from it a good while ago, split open, cured and
dried, are the only proper and allowable food for reasonable people.
I maintain, on the other hand, that there are a number of live fish
still swimming in it, and that every one of us has a right to see if
he cannot catch some of them.  Sometimes I please myself with the
idea that I have landed an actual living fish, small, perhaps, but
with rosy gills and silvery scales.  Then I find the consumers of
nothing but the salted and dried article insist that it is poisonous,
simply because it is alive, and cry out to people not to touch it.  I
have not found, however, that people mind them much.

The poor boarder in bombazine is my dynamometer.  I try every
questionable proposition on her.  If she winces, I must be prepared
for an outcry from the other old women.  I frightened her, the other
day, by saying that faith, as an intellectual state, was self-
reliance, which, if you have a metaphysical turn, you will find is
not so much of a paradox as it sounds at first.  So she sent me a
book to read which was to cure me of that error.  It was an old book,
and looked as if it had not been opened for a long time.  What should
drop out of it, one day, but a small heart-shaped paper, containing a
lock of that straight, coarse, brown hair which sets off the sharp
faces of so many thin-flanked, large-handed bumpkins!  I read upon
the paper the name "Hiram."--Love! love! love!--everywhere!
everywhere!--under diamonds and housemaids' "jewelry,"--lifting the
marrowy camel's-hair, and rustling even the black bombazine!--No,
no,--I think she never was pretty, but she was young once, and wore
bright ginghams, and, perhaps, gay merinos.  We shall find that the
poor little crooked man has been in love, or is in love, or will be
in love before we have done with him, for aught that I know!

Romance!  Was there ever a boarding-house in the world where the
seemingly prosaic table had not a living fresco for its background,
where you could see, if you had eyes, the smoke and fire of some
upheaving sentiment, or the dreary craters of smouldering or burnt-
out passions?  You look on the black bombazine and high-necked
decorum of your neighbor, and no more think of the real life that
underlies this despoiled and dismantled womanhood than you think of a
stone trilobite as having once been full of the juices and the
nervous thrills of throbbing and self-conscious being.  There is a
wild creature under that long yellow pin which serves as brooch for
the bombazine cuirass,--a wild creature, which I venture to say would
leap in his cage, if I should stir him, quiet as you think him.  A
heart which has been domesticated by matrimony and maternity is as
tranquil as a tame bullfinch; but a wild heart which has never been
fairly broken in flutters fiercely long after you think time has
tamed it down,--like that purple finch I had the other day, which
could not be approached without such palpitations and frantic flings
against the bars of his cage, that I had to send him back and get a
little orthodox canary which had learned to be quiet and never mind
the wires or his keeper's handling.  I will tell you my wicked, but
half involuntary experiment on the wild heart under the faded
bombazine.

Was there ever a person in the room with you, marked by any special
weakness or peculiarity, with whom you could be two hours and not
touch the infirm spot?  I confess the most frightful tendency to do
just this thing.  If a man has a brogue, I am sure to catch myself
imitating it.  If another is lame, I follow him, or, worse than that,
go before him, limping.

I could never meet an Irish gentleman--if it had been the Duke of
Wellington himself--without stumbling upon the word "Paddy,"--which I
use rarely in my common talk.

I have been worried to know whether this was owing to some innate
depravity of disposition on my part, some malignant torturing
instinct, which, under different circumstances, might have made a
Fijian anthropophagus of me, or to some law of thought for which I
was not answerable.  It is, I am convinced, a kind of physical fact
like endosmosis, with which some of you are acquainted.  A thin film
of politeness separates the unspoken and unspeakable current of
thought from the stream of conversation.  After a time one begins to
soak through and mingle with the other.

We were talking about names, one day.--Was there ever anything,--I
said,--like the Yankee for inventing the most uncouth, pretentious,
detestable appellations,--inventing or finding them,--since the time
of Praise-God Barebones?  I heard a country-boy once talking of
another whom he called Elpit, as I understood him.  Elbridge is
common enough, but this sounded oddly.  It seems the boy was
christened Lord Pitt,--and called for convenience, as above.  I have
heard a charming little girl, belonging to an intelligent family in
the country, called Anges invariably; doubtless intended for Agnes.
Names are cheap.  How can a man name an innocent new-born child, that
never did him any harm, Hiram?--The poor relation, or whatever she
is, in bombazine, turned toward me, but I was stupid, and went on.--
To think of a man going through life saddled with such an abominable
name as that!--The poor relation grew very uneasy.--I continued;
for I never thought of all this till afterwards.--I knew one young
fellow, a good many years ago, by the name of Hiram--What's got
into you, Cousin,--said our landlady,--to look so?--There! you 've
upset your teacup!

It suddenly occurred to me what I had been doing, and I saw the poor
woman had her hand at her throat; she was half-choking with the
"hysteric ball,"--a very odd symptom, as you know, which nervous
women often complain of.  What business had I to be trying
experiments on this forlorn old soul?  I had a great deal better be
watching that young girl.

Ah, the young girl!  I am sure that she can hide nothing from me.
Her skin is so transparent that one can almost count her heart-beats
by the flushes they send into her cheeks.  She does not seem to be
shy, either.  I think she does not know enough of danger to be timid.
She seems to me like one of those birds that travellers tell of,
found in remote, uninhabited islands, who, having never received any
wrong at the hand of man, show no alarm at and hardly any particular
consciousness of his presence.

The first thing will be to see how she and our little deformed
gentleman get along together; for, as I have told you, they sit side
by side.  The next thing will be to keep an eye on the duenna,--the
"Model" and so forth, as the white-neck-cloth called her.  The
intention of that estimable lady is, I understand, to launch her and
leave her.  I suppose there is no help for it, and I don't doubt this
young lady knows how to take care of herself, but I do not like to
see young girls turned loose in boarding-houses.  Look here now!
There is that jewel of his race, whom I have called for convenience
the Koh-i-noor, (you understand it is quite out of the question for
me to use the family names of our boarders, unless I want to get into
trouble,)--I say, the gentleman with the diamond is looking very
often and very intently, it seems to me, down toward the farther
corner of the table, where sits our amber-eyed blonde.  The
landlady's daughter does not look pleased, it seems to me, at this,
nor at those other attentions which the gentleman referred to has, as
I have learned, pressed upon the newly-arrived young person.  The
landlady made a communication to me, within a few days after the
arrival of Miss Iris, which I will repeat to the best of my
remembrance.

He, (the person I have been speaking of,)--she said,--seemed to be
kinder hankerin' round after that young woman.  It had hurt her
daughter's feelin's a good deal, that the gentleman she was a-keepin'
company with should be offerin' tickets and tryin' to send presents
to them that he'd never know'd till jest a little spell ago,--and he
as good as merried, so fur as solemn promises went, to as respectable
a young lady, if she did say so, as any there was round, whosomever
they might be.

Tickets!  presents!--said I.--What tickets, what presents has he had
the impertinence to be offering to that young lady?

Tickets to the Museum,--said the landlady.  There is them that's glad
enough to go to the Museum, when tickets is given 'em; but some of
'em ha'n't had a ticket sence Cenderilla was played,--and now he must
be offerin' 'em to this ridiculous young paintress, or whatever she
is, that's come to make more mischief than her board's worth.  But it
a'n't her fault,--said the landlady, relenting;--and that aunt of
hers, or whatever she is, served him right enough.

Why, what did she do?

Do?  Why, she took it up in the tongs and dropped it out o' winder.

Dropped?  dropped what?--I said.

Why, the soap,--said the landlady.

It appeared that the Koh-i-noor, to ingratiate himself, had sent an
elegant package of perfumed soap, directed to Miss Iris, as a
delicate expression of a lively sentiment of admiration, and that,
after having met with the unfortunate treatment referred to, it was
picked up by Master Benjamin Franklin, who appropriated it,
rejoicing, and indulged in most unheard-of and inordinate ablutions
in consequence, so that his hands were a frequent subject of maternal
congratulation, and he smelt like a civet-cat for weeks after his
great acquisition.

After watching daily for a time, I think I can see clearly into the
relation which is growing up between the little gentleman and the
young lady.  She shows a tenderness to him that I can't help being
interested in.  If he was her crippled child, instead of being more
than old enough to be her father, she could not treat him more
kindly.  The landlady's daughter said, the other day, she believed
that girl was settin' her cap for the Little Gentleman.

Some of them young folks is very artful,--said her mother,--and there
is them that would merry Lazarus, if he'd only picked up crumbs
enough.  I don't think, though, this is one of that sort; she's
kinder childlike,--said the landlady,--and maybe never had any dolls
to play with; for they say her folks was poor before Ma'am undertook
to see to her teachin' and board her and clothe her.

I could not help overhearing this conversation.  "Board her and
clothe her!"--speaking of such a young creature!  Oh, dear!--Yes,--
she must be fed,--just like Bridget, maid-of-all-work at this
establishment.  Somebody must pay for it.  Somebody has a right to
watch her and see how much it takes to "keep" her, and growl at her,
if she has too good an appetite.  Somebody has a right to keep an eye
on her and take care that she does not dress too prettily.  No mother
to see her own youth over again in these fresh features and rising
reliefs of half-sculptured womanhood, and, seeing its loveliness,
forget her lessons of neutral-tinted propriety, and open the cases
that hold her own ornaments to find for her a necklace or a bracelet
or a pair of ear-rings,--those golden lamps that light up the deep,
shadowy dimples on the cheeks of young beauties,--swinging in a semi-
barbaric splendor that carries the wild fancy to Abyssinian queens
and musky Odalisques!  I don't believe any woman has utterly given up
the great firm of Mundus & Co., so long as she wears ear-rings.

I think Iris loves to hear the Little Gentleman talk.  She smiles
sometimes at his vehement statements, but never laughs at him.  When
he speaks to her, she keeps her eye always steadily upon him.  This
may be only natural good-breeding, so to speak, but it is worth
noticing.  I have often observed that vulgar persons, and public
audiences of inferior collective intelligence, have this in common:
the least thing draws off their minds, when you are speaking to them.
I love this young creature's rapt attention to her diminutive
neighbor while he is speaking.

He is evidently pleased with it.  For a day or two after she came, he
was silent and seemed nervous and excited.  Now he is fond of getting
the talk into his own hands, and is obviously conscious that he has
at least one interested listener.  Once or twice I have seen marks of
special attention to personal adornment, a ruffled shirt-bosom, one
day, and a diamond pin in it,--not so very large as the Koh-i-noor's,
but more lustrous.  I mentioned the death's-head ring he wears on his
right hand.  I was attracted by a very handsome red stone, a ruby or
carbuncle or something of the sort, to notice his left hand, the
other day.  It is a handsome hand, and confirms my suspicion that the
cast mentioned was taken from his arm.  After all, this is just what
I should expect.  It is not very uncommon to see the upper limbs, or
one of them, running away with the whole strength, and, therefore,
with the whole beauty, which we should never have noticed, if it had
been divided equally between all four extremities.  If it is so, of
course he is proud of his one strong and beautiful arm; that is human
nature.  I am afraid he can hardly help betraying his favoritism, as
people who have any one showy point are apt to do,--especially
dentists with handsome teeth, who always smile back to their last
molars.

Sitting, as he does, next to the young girl, and next but one to the
calm lady who has her in charge, he cannot help seeing their
relations to each other.

That is an admirable woman, Sir,--he said to me one day, as we sat
alone at the table after breakfast,--an admirable woman, Sir,--and I
hate her.

Of course, I begged an explanation.

An admirable woman, Sir, because she does good things, and even kind
things,--takes care of this--this--young lady--we have here, talks
like a sensible person, and always looks as if she was doing her duty
with all her might.  I hate her because her voice sounds as if it
never trembled and her eyes look as if she never knew what it was to
cry.  Besides, she looks at me, Sir, stares at me, as if she wanted
to get an image of me for some gallery in her brain,--and we don't
love to be looked at in this way, we that have--I hate her,--I hate
her,--her eyes kill me,--it is like being stabbed with icicles to be
looked at so,--the sooner she goes home, the better.  I don't want a
woman to weigh me in a balance; there are men enough for that sort of
work.  The judicial character is n't captivating in females, Sir.  A
woman fascinates a man quite as often by what she overlooks as by
what she sees.  Love prefers twilight to daylight; and a man doesn't
think much of, nor care much for, a woman outside of his household,
unless he can couple the idea of love, past, present, or future, with
her.  I don't believe the Devil would give half as much for the
services of a sinner as he would for those of one of these folks that
are always doing virtuous acts in a way to make them unpleasing.
--That young girl wants a tender nature to cherish her and give her a
chance to put out her leaves,--sunshine, and not east winds.

He was silent,--and sat looking at his handsome left hand with the
red stone ring upon it.--Is he going to fall in love with Iris?

Here are some lines I read to the boarders the other day:--

      THE CROOKED FOOTPATH

Ah, here it is! the sliding rail
That marks the old remembered spot,--
The gap that struck our schoolboy trail,--
The crooked path across the lot.

It left the road by school and church,
A pencilled shadow, nothing more,
That parted from the silver birch
And ended at the farmhouse door.

No line or compass traced its plan;
With frequent bends to left or right,
In aimless, wayward curves it ran,
But always kept the door in sight.

The gabled porch, with woodbine green,--
The broken millstone at the sill,--
Though many a rood might stretch between,
The truant child could see them still.

No rocks, across the pathway lie,--
No fallen trunk is o'er it thrown,--
And yet it winds, we know not why,
And turns as if for tree or stone.

Perhaps some lover trod the way
With shaking knees and leaping heart,--
And so it often runs astray
With sinuous sweep or sudden start.

Or one, perchance, with clouded brain
From some unholy banquet reeled,--
And since, our devious steps maintain
His track across the trodden field.

Nay, deem not thus,--no earthborn will
Could ever trace a faultless line;
Our truest steps are human still,--
To walk unswerving were divine!

Truants from love, we dream of wrath;--
Oh, rather let us trust the more!
Through all the wanderings of the path,
We still can see our Father's door!




V

The Professor finds a Fly in his Teacup.

I have a long theological talk to relate, which must be dull reading
to some of my young and vivacious friends.  I don't know, however,
that any of them have entered into a contract to read all that I
write, or that I have promised always to write to please them.  What
if I should sometimes write to please myself?

Now you must know that there are a great many things which interest
me, to some of which this or that particular class of readers may be
totally indifferent.  I love Nature, and human nature, its thoughts,
affections, dreams, aspirations, delusions,--Art in all its forms,--
virtu in all its eccentricities,--old stories from black-letter
volumes and yellow manuscripts, and new projects out of hot brains
not yet imbedded in the snows of age.  I love the generous impulses
of the reformer; but not less does my imagination feed itself upon
the old litanies, so often warmed by the human breath upon which they
were wafted to Heaven that they glow through our frames like our own
heart's blood.  I hope I love good men and women; I know that they
never speak a word to me, even if it be of question or blame, that I
do not take pleasantly, if it is expressed with a reasonable amount
of human kindness.

I have before me at this time a beautiful and affecting letter, which
I have hesitated to answer, though the postmark upon it gave its
direction, and the name is one which is known to all, in some of its
representatives.  It contains no reproach, only a delicately-hinted
fear.  Speak gently, as this dear lady has spoken, and there is no
heart so insensible that it does not answer to the appeal, no
intellect so virile that it does not own a certain deference to the
claims of age, of childhood, of sensitive and timid natures, when
they plead with it not to look at those sacred things by the broad
daylight which they see in mystic shadow.  How grateful would it be
to make perpetual peace with these pleading saints and their
confessors, by the simple act that silences all complainings!  Sleep,
sleep, sleep!  says the Arch-Enchantress of them all,--and pours her
dark and potent anodyne, distilled over the fires that consumed her
foes,--its large, round drops changing, as we look, into the beads of
her convert's rosary!  Silence! the pride of reason! cries another,
whose whole life is spent in reasoning down reason.

I hope I love good people, not for their sake, but for my own.  And
most assuredly, if any deed of wrong or word of bitterness led me
into an act of disrespect towards that enlightened and excellent
class of men who make it their calling to teach goodness and their
duty to practise it, I should feel that I had done myself an injury
rather than them.  Go and talk with any professional man holding any
of the medieval creeds, choosing one who wears upon his features the
mark of inward and outward health, who looks cheerful, intelligent,
and kindly, and see how all your prejudices melt away in his
presence!  It is impossible to come into intimate relations with a
large, sweet nature, such as you may often find in this class,
without longing to be at one with it in all its modes of being and
believing.  But does it not occur to you that one may love truth as
he sees it, and his race as he views it, better than even the
sympathy and approbation of many good men whom he honors,--better
than sleeping to the sound of the Miserere or listening to the
repetition of an effete Confession of Faith?

The three learned professions have but recently emerged from a state
of quasi-barbarism.  None of them like too well to be told of it, but
it must be sounded in their ears whenever they put on airs.  When a
man has taken an overdose of laudanum, the doctors tell us to place
him between two persons who shall make him walk up and down
incessantly; and if he still cannot be kept from going to sleep, they
say that a lash or two over his back is of great assistance.

So we must keep the doctors awake by telling them that they have not
yet shaken off astrology and the doctrine of signatures, as is shown
by the form of their prescriptions, and their use of nitrate of
silver, which turns epileptics into Ethiopians.  If that is not
enough, they must be given over to the scourgers, who like their task
and get good fees for it.  A few score years ago, sick people were
made to swallow burnt toads and powdered earthworms and the expressed
juice of wood-lice.  The physician of Charles I. and II. prescribed
abominations not to be named.  Barbarism, as bad as that of Congo or
Ashantee.  Traces of this barbarism linger even in the greatly
improved medical science of our century.  So while the solemn farce
of over-drugging is going on, the world over, the harlequin pseudo-
science jumps on to the stage, whip in hand, with half-a-dozen
somersets, and begins laying about him.

In 1817, perhaps you remember, the law of wager by battle was
unrepealed, and the rascally murderous, and worse than murderous,
clown, Abraham Thornton, put on his gauntlet in open court and defied
the appellant to lift the other which he threw down.  It was not
until the reign of George II. that the statutes against witchcraft
were repealed.  As for the English Court of Chancery, we know that
its antiquated abuses form one of the staples of common proverbs and
popular literature.  So the laws and the lawyers have to be watched
perpetually by public opinion as much as the doctors do.

I don't think the other profession is an exception.  When the
Reverend Mr. Cauvin and his associates burned my distinguished
scientific brother,--he was burned with green fagots, which made it
rather slow and painful,--it appears to me they were in a state of
religious barbarism.  The dogmas of such people about the Father of
Mankind and his creatures are of no more account in my opinion than
those of a council of Aztecs.  If a man picks your pocket, do you not
consider him thereby disqualified to pronounce any authoritative
opinion on matters of ethics?  If a man hangs my ancient female
relatives for sorcery, as they did in this neighborhood a little
while ago, or burns my instructor for not believing as he does, I
care no more for his religious edicts than I should for those of any
other barbarian.

Of course, a barbarian may hold many true opinions; but when the
ideas of the healing art, of the administration of justice, of
Christian love, could not exclude systematic poisoning, judicial
duelling, and murder for opinion's sake, I do not see how we can
trust the verdict of that time relating to any subject which involves
the primal instincts violated in these abominations and absurdities.
--What if we are even now in a state of semi-barbarism?


[This physician believes we "are even now in a state of semi-
barbarism": invasive procedures for the prolongation of death rather
than prolongation of life; "faith",as slimly based as medieval faith
in minute differences between control and treated groups; statistical
manipulation to prove a prejudice.  Medicine has a good deal to
answer for!  D.W.]


Perhaps some think we ought not to talk at table about such things.
--I am not so sure of that.  Religion and government appear to me the
two subjects which of all others should belong to the common talk of
people who enjoy the blessings of freedom.  Think, one moment.  The
earth is a great factory-wheel, which, at every revolution on its
axis, receives fifty thousand raw souls and turns off nearly the same
number worked up more or less completely.  There must be somewhere a
population of two hundred thousand million, perhaps ten or a hundred
times as many, earth-born intelligences.  Life, as we call it, is
nothing but the edge of the boundless ocean of existence where it
comes on soundings.  In this view, I do not see anything so fit to
talk about, or half so interesting, as that which relates to the
innumerable majority of our fellow-creatures, the dead-living, who
are hundreds of thousands to one of the live-living, and with whom we
all potentially belong, though we have got tangled for the present in
some parcels of fibrine, albumen, and phosphates, that keep us on the
minority side of the house.  In point of fact, it is one of the many
results of Spiritualism to make the permanent destiny of the race a
matter of common reflection and discourse, and a vehicle for the
prevailing disbelief of the Middle-Age doctrines on the subject.  I
cannot help thinking, when I remember how many conversations my
friend and myself have sported, that it would be very extraordinary,
if there were no mention of that class of subjects which involves all
that we have and all that we hope, not merely for ourselves, but for
the dear people whom we love best,--noble men, pure and lovely women,
ingenuous children, about the destiny of nine tenths of whom you know
the opinions that would have been taught by those old man-roasting,
woman-strangling dogmatists.--However, I fought this matter with one
of our boarders the other day, and I am going to report the
conversation.

The divinity-student came down, one morning, looking rather more
serious than usual.  He said little at breakfast-time, but lingered
after the others, so that I, who am apt to be long at the table,
found myself alone with him.

When the rest were all gone, he turned his chair round towards mine,
and began.

I am afraid,--he said,--you express yourself a little too freely on a
most important class of subjects.  Is there not danger in introducing
discussions or allusions relating to matters of religion into common
discourse?

Danger to what?--I asked.

Danger to truth,--he replied, after a slight pause.

I didn't know Truth was such an invalid,' I said.--How long is it
since she could only take the air in a close carriage, with a
gentleman in a black coat on the box?  Let me tell you a story,
adapted to young persons, but which won't hurt older ones.

--There was a very little boy who had one of those balloons you may
have seen, which are filled with light gas, and are held by a string
to keep them from running off in aeronautic voyages on their own
account.  This little boy had a naughty brother, who said to him, one
day,--Brother, pull down your balloon, so that I can look at it and
take hold of it.  Then the little boy pulled it down.  Now the
naughty brother had a sharp pin in his hand, and he thrust it into
the balloon, and all the gas oozed out, so that there was nothing
left but a shrivelled skin.

One evening, the little boy's father called him to the window to see
the moon, which pleased him very much; but presently he said,--
Father, do not pull the string and bring down the moon, for my
naughty brother will prick it, and then it will all shrivel up and we
shall not see it any more.

Then his father laughed, and told him how the moon had been shining a
good while, and would shine a good while longer, and that all we
could do was to keep our windows clean, never letting the dust get
too thick on them, and especially to keep our eyes open, but that we
could not pull the moon down with a string, nor prick it with a pin.
--Mind you this, too, the moon is no man's private property, but is
seen from a good many parlor-windows.

--Truth is tough.  It will not break, like a bubble, at a touch; nay,
you may kick it about all day, like a football, and it will be round
and full at evening.  Does not Mr. Bryant say, that Truth gets well
if she is run over by a locomotive, while Error dies of lockjaw if
she scratches her finger?  [Would that this was so:--error,
superstition, mysticism, authoritarianism, pseudo-science all have a
tenacity that survives inexplicably.  D.W.]  I never heard that a
mathematician was alarmed for the safety of a demonstrated
proposition.  I think, generally, that fear of open discussion
implies feebleness of inward conviction, and great sensitiveness to
the expression of individual opinion is a mark of weakness.

--I am not so much afraid for truth,--said the divinity-student,--as
for the conceptions of truth in the minds of persons not accustomed
to judge wisely the opinions uttered before them.

Would you, then, banish all allusions to matters of this nature from
the society of people who come together habitually?

I would be very careful in introducing them,--said the divinity-
student.

Yes, but friends of yours leave pamphlets in people's entries, to be
picked up by nervous misses and hysteric housemaids, full of
doctrines these people do not approve.  Some of your friends stop
little children in the street, and give them books, which their
parents, who have had them baptized into the Christian fold and give
them what they consider proper religious instruction, do not think
fit for them.  One would say it was fair enough to talk about matters
thus forced upon people's attention.

The divinity-student could not deny that this was what might be
called opening the subject to the discussion of intelligent people.

But,--he said,--the greatest objection is this, that persons who have
not made a professional study of theology are not competent to speak
on such subjects.  Suppose a minister were to undertake to express
opinions on medical subjects, for instance, would you not think he
was going beyond his province?

I laughed,--for I remembered John Wesley's "sulphur and
supplication," and so many other cases where ministers had meddled
with medicine,--sometimes well and sometimes ill, but, as a general
rule, with a tremendous lurch to quackery, owing to their very loose
way of admitting evidence,--that I could not help being amused.

I beg your pardon,--I said,--I do not wish to be impolite, but I was
thinking of their certificates to patent medicines.  Let us look at
this matter.

If a minister had attended lectures on the theory and practice of
medicine, delivered by those who had studied it most deeply, for
thirty or forty years, at the rate of from fifty to one hundred a
year,--if he had been constantly reading and hearing read the most
approved text-books on the subject,--if he had seen medicine actually
practised according to different methods, daily, for the same length
of time,--I should think, that if a person of average understanding,
he was entitled to express an opinion on the subject of medicine, or
else that his instructors were a set of ignorant and incompetent
charlatans.

If, before a medical practitioner would allow me to enjoy the full
privileges of the healing art, he expected me to affirm my belief in
a considerable number of medical doctrines, drugs, and formulae, I
should think that he thereby implied my right to discuss the same,
and my ability to do so, if I knew how to express myself in English.

Suppose, for instance, the Medical Society should refuse to give us
an opiate, or to set a broken limb, until we had signed our belief in
a certain number of propositions,--of which we will say this is the
first:

I.  All men's teeth are naturally in a state of total decay or
caries, and, therefore, no man can bite until every one of them is
extracted and a new set is inserted according to the principles of
dentistry adopted by this Society.

I, for one, should want to discuss that before signing my name to it,
and I should say this:--Why, no, that is n't true.  There are a good
many bad teeth, we all know, but a great many more good ones.  You
must n't trust the dentists; they are all the time looking at the
people who have bad teeth, and such as are suffering from toothache.
The idea that you must pull out every one of every nice young man and
young woman's natural teeth!  Poh, poh!  Nobody believes that.  This
tooth must be straightened, that must be filled with gold, and this
other perhaps extracted, but it must be a very rare case, if they are
all so bad as to require extraction; and if they are, don't blame the
poor soul for it!  Don't tell us, as some old dentists used to, that
everybody not only always has every tooth in his head good for
nothing, but that he ought to have his head cut off as a punishment
for that misfortune!  No, I can't sign Number One.  Give us Number
Two.

II.  We hold that no man can be well who does not agree with our
views of the efficacy of calomel, and who does not take the doses of
it prescribed in our tables, as there directed.

To which I demur, questioning why it should be so, and get for answer
the two following:

III.  Every man who does not take our prepared calomel, as prescribed
by us in our Constitution and By-Laws, is and must be a mass of
disease from head to foot; it being self-evident that he is
simultaneously affected with Apoplexy, Arthritis, Ascites, Asphyxia,
and Atrophy; with Borborygmus, Bronchitis, and Bulimia; with
Cachexia, Carcinoma, and Cretinismus; and so on through the alphabet,
to Xerophthahnia and Zona, with all possible and incompatible
diseases which are necessary to make up a totally morbid state; and
he will certainly die, if he does not take freely of our prepared
calomel, to be obtained only of one of our authorized agents.

IV.  No man shall be allowed to take our prepared calomel who does
not give in his solemn adhesion to each and all of the above-named
and the following propositions (from ten to a hundred) and show his
mouth to certain of our apothecaries, who have not studied dentistry,
to examine whether all his teeth have been extracted and a new set
inserted according to our regulations.

Of course, the doctors have a right to say we sha'n't have any
rhubarb, if we don't sign their articles, and that, if, after signing
them, we express doubts (in public), about any of them, they will cut
us off from our jalap and squills,--but then to ask a fellow not to
discuss the propositions before he signs them is what I should call
boiling it down a little too strong!

If we understand them, why can't we discuss them?  If we can't
understand them, because we have n't taken a medical degree, what the
Father of Lies do they ask us to sign them for?

Just so with the graver profession.  Every now and then some of its
members seem to lose common sense and common humanity.  The laymen
have to keep setting the divines right constantly.  Science, for
instance,--in other words, knowledge,--is not the enemy of religion;
for, if so, then religion would mean ignorance: But it is often the
antagonist of school-divinity.

Everybody knows the story of early astronomy and the school-divines.
Come down a little later, Archbishop Usher, a very learned Protestant
prelate, tells us that the world was created on Sunday, the twenty-
third of October, four thousand and four years before the birth of
Christ.  Deluge, December 7th, two thousand three hundred and forty-
eight years B. C.  Yes, and the earth stands on an elephant, and the
elephant on a tortoise.  One statement is as near the truth as the
other.

Again, there is nothing so brutalizing to some natures as moral
surgery.  I have often wondered that Hogarth did not add one more
picture to his four stages of Cruelty.  Those wretched fools,
reverend divines and others, who were strangling men and women for
imaginary crimes a little more than a century ago among us, were set
right by a layman, and very angry it made them to have him meddle.

The good people of Northampton had a very remarkable man for their
clergyman,--a man with a brain as nicely adjusted for certain
mechanical processes as Babbage's calculating machine.  The
commentary of the laymen on the preaching and practising of Jonathan
Edwards was, that, after twenty-three years of endurance, they turned
him out by a vote of twenty to one, and passed a resolve that he
should never preach for them again.  A man's logical and analytical
adjustments are of little consequence, compared to his primary
relations with Nature and truth: and people have sense enough to find
it out in the long ran; they know what "logic" is worth.

In that miserable delusion referred to above, the reverend Aztecs and
Fijians argued rightly enough from their premises, no doubt, for many
men can do this.  But common sense and common humanity were
unfortunately left out from their premises, and a layman had to
supply them.  A hundred more years and many of the barbarisms still
lingering among us will, of course, have disappeared like witch-
hanging.  But people are sensitive now, as they were then.  You will
see by this extract that the Rev. Cotton Mather did not like
intermeddling with his business very well.

"Let the Levites of the Lord keep close to their Instructions," he
says, "and God will smite thro' the loins of those that rise up
against them.  I will report unto you a Thing which many Hundreds
among us know to be true.  The Godly Minister of a certain Town in
Connecticut, when he had occasion to be absent on a Lord's Day from
his Flock, employ'd an honest Neighbour of some small Talents for a
Mechanick, to read a Sermon out of some good Book unto 'em.  This
Honest, whom they ever counted also a Pious Man, had so much conceit
of his Talents, that instead of Reading a Sermon appointed, he to the
Surprize of the People, fell to preaching one of his own.  For his
Text he took these Words, 'Despise not Prophecyings'; and in his
Preachment he betook himself to bewail the Envy of the Clergy in the
Land, in that they did not wish all the Lord's People to be Prophets,
and call forth Private Brethren publickly to prophesie.  While he was
thus in the midst of his Exercise, God smote him with horrible
Madness; he was taken ravingly distracted; the People were forc'd
with violent Hands to carry him home.  I will not mention his Name:
He was reputed a Pious Man."--This is one of Cotton Mather's
"Remarkable Judgments of God, on Several Sorts of Offenders,"--and
the next cases referred to are the Judgments on the "Abominable
Sacrilege" of not paying the Ministers' Salaries.

This sort of thing does n't do here and now, you see, my young
friend!  We talk about our free institutions;--they are nothing but a
coarse outside machinery to secure the freedom of individual thought.
The President of the United States is only the engine driver of our
broad-gauge mail-train; and every honest, independent thinker has a
seat in the first-class cars behind him.

--There is something in what you say,--replied the divinity-student;-
-and yet it seems to me there are places and times where disputed
doctrines of religion should not be introduced.  You would not attack
a church dogma--say Total Depravity--in a lyceum-lecture, for
instance?

Certainly not; I should choose another place,--I answered.--But,
mind you, at this table I think it is very different.  I shall
express my ideas on any subject I like.  The laws of the lecture-
room, to which my friends and myself are always amenable, do not hold
here.  I shall not often give arguments, but frequently opinions,--I
trust with courtesy and propriety, but, at any rate, with such
natural forms of expression as it has pleased the Almighty to bestow
upon me.

A man's opinions, look you, are generally of much more value than his
arguments.  These last are made by his brain, and perhaps he does not
believe the proposition they tend to prove,--as is often the case
with paid lawyers; but opinions are formed by our whole nature,--
brain, heart, instinct, brute life, everything all our experience has
shaped for us by contact with the whole circle of our being.

--There is one thing more,--said the divinity-student,--that I wished
to speak of; I mean that idea of yours, expressed some time since, of
depolarizing the text of sacred books in order to judge them fairly.
May I ask why you do not try the experiment yourself?

Certainly,--I replied,--if it gives you any pleasure to ask foolish
questions.  I think the ocean telegraph-wire ought to be laid and
will be laid, but I don't know that you have any right to ask me to
go and lay it.  But, for that matter, I have heard a good deal of
Scripture depolarized in and out of the pulpit.  I heard the Rev.
Mr. F. once depolarize the story of the Prodigal Son in Park-Street
Church.  Many years afterwards, I heard him repeat the same or a
similar depolarized version in Rome, New York.  I heard an admirable
depolarization of the story of the young man who "had great
possessions" from the Rev.  Mr. H.  in another pulpit, and felt that
I had never half understood it before.  All paraphrases are more or
less perfect depolarizations.  But I tell you this: the faith of our
Christian community is not robust enough to bear the turning of our
most sacred language into its depolarized equivalents.  You have only
to look back to Dr. Channing's famous Baltimore discourse and
remember the shrieks of blasphemy with which it was greeted, to
satisfy yourself on this point.  Time, time only, can gradually wean
us from our Epeolatry, or word-worship, by spiritualizing our ideas
of the thing signified.  Man is an idolater or symbol-worshipper by
nature, which, of course, is no fault of his; but sooner or later all
his local and temporary symbols must be ground to powder, like the
golden calf,--word-images as well as metal and wooden ones.  Rough
work, iconoclasm,--but the only way to get at truth.  It is, indeed,
as that quaint and rare old discourse, "A Summons for Sleepers," hath
it, "no doubt a thankless office, and a verie unthriftie occupation;
veritas odium parit, truth never goeth without a scratcht face; he
that will be busie with voe vobis, let him looke shortly for coram
nobas."

The very aim and end of our institutions is just this: that we may
think what we like and say what we think.

--Think what we like!--said the divinity-student;--think what we
like!  What! against all human and divine authority?

Against all human versions of its own or any other authority.  At our
own peril always, if we do not like the right,--but not at the risk
of being hanged and quartered for political heresy, or broiled on
green fagots for ecclesiastical treason!  Nay, we have got so far,
that the very word heresy has fallen into comparative disuse among
us.

And now, my young friend, let-us shake hands and stop our discussion,
which we will not make a quarrel.  I trust you know, or will learn, a
great many things in your profession which we common scholars do not
know; but mark this: when the common people of New England stop
talking politics and theology, it will be because they have got an
Emperor to teach them the one, and a Pope to teach them the other!

That was the end of my long conference with the divinity-student.
The next morning we got talking a little on the same subject, very
good-naturedly, as people return to a matter they have talked out.

You must look to yourself,--said the divinity-student,--if your
democratic notions get into print.  You will be fired into from all
quarters.

If it were only a bullet, with the marksman's name on it!--I said.
--I can't stop to pick out the peep-shot of the anonymous scribblers.

Right, Sir!  right!--said the Little Gentleman.  The scamps!  I know
the fellows.  They can't give fifty cents to one of the Antipodes,
but they must have it jingled along through everybody's palms all the
way, till it reaches him,--and forty cents of it gets spilt, like the
water out of the fire-buckets passed along a "lane" at a fire;--but
when it comes to anonymous defamation, putting lies into people's
mouths, and then advertising those people through the country as the
authors of them,--oh, then it is that they let not their left hand
know what their right hand doeth!

I don't like Ehud's style of doing business, Sir.  He comes along
with a very sanctimonious look, Sir, with his "secret errand unto
thee," and his "message from God unto thee," and then pulls out his
hidden knife with that unsuspected hand of his,---(the Little
Gentleman lifted his clenched left hand with the blood-red jewel on
the ring-finger,)--and runs it, blade and haft, into a man's stomach!
Don't meddle with these fellows, Sir.  They are read mostly by
persons whom you would not reach, if you were to write ever so much.
Let 'em alone.  A man whose opinions are not attacked is beneath
contempt.

I hope so,--I said.--I got three pamphlets and innumerable squibs
flung at my head for attacking one of the pseudo-sciences, in former
years.  When, by the permission of Providence, I held up to the
professional public the damnable facts connected with the conveyance
of poison from one young mother's chamber to another's,--for doing
which humble office I desire to be thankful that I have lived, though
nothing else good should ever come of my life,--I had to bear the
sneers of those whose position I had assailed, and, as I believe,
have at last demolished, so that nothing but the ghosts of dead women
stir among the ruins.--What would you do, if the folks without names
kept at you, trying to get a San Benito on to your shoulders that
would fit you?--Would you stand still in fly-time, or would you give
a kick now and then?

Let 'em bite!--said the Little Gentleman,--let 'em bite!  It makes
'em hungry to shake 'em off, and they settle down again as thick as
ever and twice as savage.  Do you know what meddling with the folks
without names, as you call 'em, is like?--It is like riding at the
quintaan.  You run full tilt at the board, but the board is on a
pivot, with a bag of sand on an arm that balances it.  The board
gives way as soon as you touch it; and before you have got by, the
bag of sand comes round whack on the back of your neck.  "Ananias,"
for instance, pitches into your lecture, we will say, in some paper
taken by the people in your kitchen.  Your servants get saucy and
negligent.  If their newspaper calls you names, they need not be so
particular about shutting doors softly or boiling potatoes.  So you
lose your temper, and come out in an article which you think is going
to finish "Ananias," proving him a booby who doesn't know enough to
understand even a lyceum-lecture, or else a person that tells lies.
Now you think you 've got him!  Not so fast.  "Ananias" keeps still
and winks to "Shimei," and "Shimei" comes out in the paper which they
take in your neighbor's kitchen, ten times worse than t'other fellow.
If you meddle with "Shimei," he steps out, and next week appears
"Rab-shakeh," an unsavory wretch; and now, at any rate, you find out
what good sense there was in Hezekiah's "Answer him not."--No, no,--
keep your temper.--So saying, the Little Gentleman doubled his left
fist and looked at it as if he should like to hit something or
somebody a most pernicious punch with it.

Good!--said I.--Now let me give you some axioms I have arrived at,
after seeing something of a great many kinds of good folks.

--Of a hundred people of each of the different leading religious
sects, about the same proportion will be safe and pleasant persons to
deal and to live with.

--There are, at least, three real saints among the women to one among
the men, in every denomination.

--The spiritual standard of different classes I would reckon thus:

1.  The comfortably rich.
2.  The decently comfortable.
3.  The very rich, who are apt to be irreligious.
4.  The very poor, who are apt to be immoral.

--The cut nails of machine-divinity may be driven in, but they won't
clinch.

--The arguments which the greatest of our schoolmen could not refute
were two: the blood in men's veins, and the milk in women's breasts.

--Humility is the first of the virtues--for other people.

--Faith always implies the disbelief of a lesser fact in favor of a
greater.  A little mind often sees the unbelief, without seeing the
belief of a large one.

The Poor Relation had been fidgeting about and working her mouth
while all this was going on.  She broke out in speech at this point.

I hate to hear folks talk so.  I don't see that you are any better
than a heathen.

I wish I were half as good as many heathens have been,--I said.
--Dying for a principle seems to me a higher degree of virtue than
scolding for it; and the history of heathen races is full of
instances where men have laid down their lives for the love of their
kind, of their country, of truth, nay, even for simple manhood's
sake, or to show their obedience or fidelity.  What would not such
beings have done for the souls of men, for the Christian
commonwealth, for the King of Kings, if they had lived in days of
larger light?  Which seems to you nearest heaven, Socrates drinking
his hemlock, Regulus going back to the enemy's camp, or that old New
England divine sitting comfortably in his study and chuckling over
his conceit of certain poor women, who had been burned to death in
his own town, going "roaring out of one fire into another"?

I don't believe he said any such thing,--replied the Poor Relation.

It is hard to believe,--said I,--but it is true for all that.  In
another hundred years it will be as incredible that men talked as we
sometimes hear them now.

Pectus est quod facit theologum.  The heart makes the theologian.
Every race, every civilization, either has a new revelation of its
own or a new interpretation of an old one.  Democratic America, has a
different humanity from feudal Europe, and so must have a new
divinity.  See, for one moment, how intelligence reacts on our
faiths.  The Bible was a divining-book to our ancestors, and is so
still in the hands of some of the vulgar.  The Puritans went to the
Old Testament for their laws; the Mormons go to it for their
patriarchal institution.  Every generation dissolves something new
and precipitates something once held in solution from that great
storehouse of temporary and permanent truths.

You may observe this: that the conversation of intelligent men of the
stricter sects is strangely in advance of the formula that belong to
their organizations.  So true is this, that I have doubts whether a
large proportion of them would not have been rather pleased than
offended, if they could have overheard our, talk.  For, look you, I
think there is hardly a professional teacher who will not in private
conversation allow a large part of what we have said, though it may
frighten him in print; and I know well what an under-current of
secret sympathy gives vitality to those poor words of mine which
sometimes get a hearing.

I don't mind the exclamation of any old stager who drinks Madeira
worth from two to six Bibles a bottle, and burns, according to his
own premises, a dozen souls a year in the cigars with which he
muddles his brains.  But as for the good and true and intelligent men
whom we see all around us, laborious, self-denying, hopeful,
helpful,--men who know that the active mind of the century is tending
more and more to the two poles, Rome and Reason, the sovereign church
or the free soul, authority or personality, God in us or God in our
masters, and that, though a man may by accident stand half-way
between these two points, he must look one way or the other,--I don't
believe they would take offence at anything I have reported of our
late conversation.

But supposing any one do take offence at first sight, let him look
over these notes again, and see whether he is quite sure he does not
agree with most of these things that were said amongst us.  If he
agrees with most of them, let him be patient with an opinion he does
not accept, or an expression or illustration a little too vivacious.
I don't know that I shall report any more conversations on these
topics; but I do insist on the right to express a civil opinion on
this class of subjects without giving offence, just when and where I
please,---unless, as in the lecture-room, there is an implied
contract to keep clear of doubtful matters.  You did n't think a man
could sit at a breakfast-table doing nothing but making puns every
morning for a year or two, and never give a thought to the two
thousand of his fellow-creatures who are passing into another state
during every hour that he sits talking and laughing.  Of course, the
one matter that a real human being cares for is what is going to
become of them and of him.  And the plain truth is, that a good many
people are saying one thing about it and believing another.

--How do I know that?  Why, I have known and loved to talk with good
people, all the way from Rome to Geneva in doctrine, as long as I can
remember.  Besides, the real religion of the world comes from women
much more than from men,--from mothers most of all, who carry the key
of our souls in their bosoms.  It is in their hearts that the
"sentimental" religion some people are so fond of sneering at has its
source.  The sentiment of love, the sentiment of maternity, the
sentiment of the paramount obligation of the parent to the child as
having called it into existence, enhanced just in proportion to the
power and knowledge of the one and the weakness and ignorance of the
other,--these are the "sentiments" that have kept our soulless
systems from driving men off to die in holes like those that riddle
the sides of the hill opposite the Monastery of St. Saba, where the
miserable victims of a falsely-interpreted religion starved and
withered in their delusion.

I have looked on the face of a saintly woman this very day, whose
creed many dread and hate, but whose life is lovely and noble beyond
all praise.  When I remember the bitter words I have heard spoken
against her faith, by men who have an Inquisition which
excommunicates those who ask to leave their communion in peace, and
an Index Expurgatorius on which this article may possibly have the
honor of figuring,--and, far worse than these, the reluctant,
pharisaical confession, that it might perhaps be possible that one
who so believed should be accepted of the Creator,--and then recall
the sweet peace and love that show through all her looks, the price
of untold sacrifices and labors, and again recollect how thousands of
women, filled with the same spirit, die, without a murmur, to earthly
life, die to their own names even, that they may know nothing but
their holy duties,--while men are torturing and denouncing their
fellows, and while we can hear day and night the clinking of the
hammers that are trying, like the brute forces in the "Prometheus,"
to rivet their adamantine wedges right through the breast of human
nature,--I have been ready to believe that we have even now a new
revelation, and the name of its Messiah is WOMAN!

--I should be sorry,--I remarked, a day or two afterwards, to the
divinity-student,--if anything I said tended in any way to foster any
jealousy between the professions, or to throw disrespect upon that
one on whose counsel and sympathies almost all of us lean in our
moments of trial.  But we are false to our new conditions of life, if
we do not resolutely maintain our religious as well as our political
freedom, in the face of any and all supposed monopolies.  Certain men
will, of course, say two things, if we do not take their views:
first, that we don't know anything about these matters; and,
secondly, that we are not so good as they are.  They have a polarized
phraseology for saying these things, but it comes to precisely that.
To which it may be answered, in the first place, that we have good
authority for saying that even babes and sucklings know something;
and, in the second, that, if there is a mote or so to be removed from
our premises, the courts and councils of the last few years have
found beams enough in some other quarters to build a church that
would hold all the good people in Boston and have sticks enough left
to make a bonfire for all the heretics.

As to that terrible depolarizing process of mine, of which we were
talking the other day, I will give you a specimen of one way of
managing it, if you like.  I don't believe it will hurt you or
anybody.  Besides, I had a great deal rather finish our talk with
pleasant images and gentle words than with sharp sayings, which will
only afford a text, if anybody repeats them, for endless relays of
attacks from Messrs.  Ananias, Shimei, and Rabshakeh.

[I must leave such gentry, if any of them show themselves, in the
hands of my clerical friends, many of whom are ready to stand up for
the rights of the laity,--and to those blessed souls, the good women,
to whom this version of the story of a mother's hidden hopes and
tender anxieties is dedicated by their peaceful and loving servant.]



          A MOTHER'S SECRET.

How sweet the sacred legend--if unblamed
In my slight verse such holy things are named--
Of Mary's secret hours of hidden joy,
Silent, but pondering on her wondrous boy!
Ave, Maria!  Pardon, if I wrong
Those heavenly words that shame my earthly song!

The choral host had closed the angel's strain
Sung to the midnight watch on Bethlehem's plain;
And now the shepherds, hastening on their way,
Sought the still hamlet where the Infant lay.
They passed the fields that gleaning Ruth toiled O'er,
They saw afar the ruined threshing-floor
Where Moab's daughter, homeless and forlorn,
Found Boaz slumbering by his heaps of corn;
And some remembered how the holy scribe,
Skilled in the lore of every jealous tribe,
Traced the warm blood of Jesse's royal son
To that fair alien, bravely wooed and won.
So fared they on to seek the promised sign
That marked the anointed heir of David's line.

At last, by forms of earthly semblance led,
They found the crowded inn, the oxen's shed.
No pomp was there, no glory shone around
On the coarse straw that strewed the reeking ground;
One dim retreat a flickering torch betrayed,
In that poor cell the Lord of Life was laid!

The wondering shepherds told their breathless tale
Of the bright choir that woke the sleeping vale;
Told how the skies with sudden glory flamed;
Told how the shining multitude proclaimed
"Joy, joy to earth!  Behold the hallowed morn!
In David's city Christ the Lord is born!
'Glory to God!' let angels shout on high,
'Good-will to men!' the listening Earth reply!"

They spoke with hurried words and accents wild;
Calm in his cradle slept the heavenly child.
No trembling word the mother's joy revealed,
One sigh of rapture, and her lips were sealed;
Unmoved she saw the rustic train depart,
But kept their words to ponder in her heart.

Twelve years had passed; the boy was fair and tall,
Growing in wisdom, finding grace with all.
The maids of Nazareth, as they trooped to fill
Their balanced urns beside the mountain-rill,
The gathered matrons, as they sat and spun,
Spoke in soft words of Joseph's quiet son.
No voice had reached the Galilean vale
Of star-led kings or awe-struck shepherds' tale;
In the meek, studious child they only saw
The future Rabbi, learned in Israel's law.

So grew the boy; and now the feast was near,
When at the holy place the tribes appear.
Scarce had the home-bred child of Nazareth seen
Beyond the hills that girt the village-green,
Save when at midnight, o'er the star-lit sands,
Snatched from the steel of Herod's murdering bands,
A babe, close-folded to his mother's breast,
Through Edom's wilds he sought the sheltering West.

Then Joseph spake: "Thy boy hath largely grown;
Weave him fine raiment, fitting to be shown;
Fair robes beseem the pilgrim, as the priest
Goes he not with us to the holy feast?"

And Mary culled the flaxen fibres white;
Till eve she spun; she spun till morning light.
The thread was twined; its parting meshes through
From hand to hand her restless shuttle flew,
Till the full web was wound upon the beam,
Love's curious toil,--a vest without a seam!

They reach the holy place, fulfil the days
To solemn feasting given, and grateful praise.
At last they turn, and far Moriah's height
Melts in the southern sky and fades from sight.
All day the dusky caravan has flowed
In devious trails along the winding road,
(For many a step their homeward path attends,
And all the sons of Abraham are as friends.)
Evening has come,--the hour of rest and joy;
Hush! hush!--that whisper,-"Where is Mary's boy?"

O weary hour!  O aching days that passed
Filled with strange fears, each wilder than the last:
The soldier's lance,--the fierce centurion's sword,
The crushing wheels that whirl some Roman lord,
The midnight crypt that suck's the captive's breath,
The blistering sun on Hinnom's vale of death!

Thrice on his cheek had rained the morning light,
Thrice on his lips the mildewed kiss of night,
Crouched by some porphyry column's shining plinth,
Or stretched beneath the odorous terebinth.

At last, in desperate mood, they sought once more
The Temple's porches, searched in vain before;
They found him seated with the ancient men,
The grim old rufflers of the tongue and pen,
Their bald heads glistening as they clustered near;
Their gray beards slanting as they turned to hear,
Lost in half-envious wonder and surprise
That lips so fresh should utter words so wise.

And Mary said,--as one who, tried too long,
Tells all her grief and half her sense of wrong,
"What is this thoughtless thing which thou hast done?
Lo, we have sought thee sorrowing, O my son!"
Few words he spake, and scarce of filial tone,
Strange words, their sense a mystery yet unknown;
Then turned with them and left the holy hill,
To all their mild commands obedient still.

The tale was told to Nazareth's sober men,
And Nazareth's matrons told it oft again;
The maids retold it at the fountain's side;
The youthful shepherds doubted or denied;
It passed around among the listening friends,
With all that fancy adds and fiction fends,
Till newer marvels dimmed the young renown
Of Joseph's son, who talked the Rabbis down.

But Mary, faithful to its lightest word,
Kept in her heart the sayings she had heard,
Till the dread morning rent the Temple's veil,
And shuddering Earth confirmed the wondrous tale.

Youth fades; love droops; the leaves of friendship fall;
A mother's secret hope outlives them all.




VI

You don't look so dreadful poor in the face as you did a while back.
Bloated some, I expect.

This was the cheerful and encouraging and elegant remark with which
the Poor Relation greeted the divinity-student one morning.

Of course every good man considers it a great sacrifice on his part
to continue living in this transitory, unsatisfactory, and
particularly unpleasant world.  This is so much a matter of course,
that I was surprised to see the divinity-student change color.  He
took a look at a small and uncertain-minded glass which hung slanting
forward over the chapped sideboard.  The image it returned to him had
the color of a very young pea somewhat overboiled.  The scenery of a
long tragic drama flashed through his mind as the lightning-express-
train whishes by a station: the gradual dismantling process of
disease; friends looking on, sympathetic, but secretly chuckling over
their own stomachs of iron and lungs of caoutchouc; nurses attentive,
but calculating their crop, and thinking how soon it will be ripe, so
that they can go to your neighbor, who is good for a year or so
longer; doctors assiduous, but giving themselves a mental shake, as
they go out of your door, which throws off your particular grief as a
duck sheds a raindrop from his oily feathers; undertakers solemn, but
happy; then the great subsoil cultivator, who plants, but never looks
for fruit in his garden; then the stone-cutter, who puts your name on
the slab which has been waiting for you ever since the birds or
beasts made their tracks on the new red sandstone; then the grass and
the dandelions and the buttercups,----Earth saying to the mortal
body, with her sweet symbolism, "You have scarred my bosom, but you
are forgiven"; then a glimpse of the soul as a floating consciousness
without very definite form or place, but dimly conceived of as an
upright column of vapor or mist several times larger than life-size,
so far as it could be said to have any size at all, wandering about
and living a thin and half-awake life for want of good old-fashioned
solid matter to come down upon with foot and fist,--in fact, having
neither foot nor fist, nor conveniences for taking the sitting
posture.

And yet the divinity-student was a good Christian, and those heathen
images which remind one of the childlike fancies of the dying Adrian
were only the efforts of his imagination to give shape to the
formless and position to the placeless.  Neither did his thoughts
spread themselves out and link themselves as I have displayed them.
They came confusedly into his mind like a heap of broken mosaics,--
sometimes a part of the picture complete in itself, sometimes
connected fragments, and sometimes only single severed stones.

They did not diffuse a light of celestial joy over his countenance.
On the contrary, the Poor Relation's remark turned him pale, as I
have said; and when the terrible wrinkled and jaundiced looking-glass
turned him green in addition, and he saw himself in it, it seemed to
him as if it were all settled, and his book of life were to be shut
not yet half-read, and go back to the dust of the under-ground
archives.  He coughed a mild short cough, as if to point the
direction in which his downward path was tending.  It was an honest
little cough enough, so far as appearances went.  But coughs are
ungrateful things.  You find one out in the cold, take it up and
nurse it and make everything of it, dress it up warm, give it all
sorts of balsams and other food it likes, and carry it round in your
bosom as if it were a miniature lapdog.  And by-and-by its little
bark grows sharp and savage, and--confound the thing!--you find it
is a wolf's whelp that you have got there, and he is gnawing in the
breast where he has been nestling so long.--The Poor Relation said
that somebody's surrup was good for folks that were gettin' into a
bad way.--The landlady had heard of desperate cases cured by cherry-
pictorial.

Whiskey's the fellah,--said the young man John.--Make it into punch,
cold at dinner-time 'n' hot at bed-time.  I'll come up 'n' show you
how to mix it.  Have n't any of you seen the wonderful fat man
exhibitin' down in Hanover Street?

Master Benjamin Franklin rushed into the dialogue with a breezy
exclamation, that he had seen a great picter outside of the place
where the fat man was exhibitin'.  Tried to get in at half-price, but
the man at the door looked at his teeth and said he was more'n ten
year old.

It is n't two years,--said the young man John, since that fat fellah
was exhibitin' here as the Livin' Skeleton.  Whiskey--that's what did
it,--real Burbon's the stuff.  Hot water, sugar, 'n' jest a little
shavin' of lemon-skin in it,--skin, mind you, none o' your juice;
take it off thin,--shape of one of them flat curls the factory-girls
wear on the sides of their foreheads.

But I am a teetotaller,--said the divinity-student in a subdued
tone;--not noticing the enormous length of the bow-string the young
fellow had just drawn.

He took up his hat and went out.

I think you have worried that young man more than you meant,--I said.
--I don't believe he will jump off one of the bridges, for he has too
much principle; but I mean to follow him and see where he goes, for
he looks as if his mind were made up to something.

I followed him at a reasonable distance.  He walked doggedly along,
looking neither to the right nor the left, turned into State Street,
and made for a well-known Life-Insurance Office.  Luckily, the doctor
was there and overhauled him on the spot.  There was nothing the
matter with him, he said, and he could have his life insured as a
sound one.  He came out in good spirits, and told me this soon after.

This led me to make some remarks the next morning on the manners of
well-bred and ill-bred people.

I began,--The whole essence of true gentle-breeding (one does not
like to say gentility) lies in the wish and the art to be agreeable.
Good-breeding is surface-Christianity.  Every look, movement, tone,
expression, subject of discourse, that may give pain to another is
habitually excluded from conversational intercourse.  This is the
reason why rich people are apt to be so much more agreeable than
others.

--I thought you were a great champion of equality,--said the discreet
and severe lady who had accompanied our young friend, the Latin
Tutor's daughter.

I go politically for equality,--I said,--and socially for the
quality.

Who are the "quality,"--said the Model, etc., in a community like
ours?

I confess I find this question a little difficult to answer,--I said.
--Nothing is better known than the distinction of social ranks which
exists in every community, and nothing is harder to define.  The
great gentlemen and ladies of a place are its real lords and masters
and mistresses; they are the quality, whether in a monarchy or a
republic; mayors and governors and generals and senators and ex-
presidents are nothing to them.  How well we know this, and how
seldom it finds a distinct expression!  Now I tell you truly, I
believe in man as man, and I disbelieve in all distinctions except
such as follow the natural lines of cleavage in a society which has
crystallized according to its own true laws.  But the essence of
equality is to be able to say the truth; and there is nothing more
curious than these truths relating to the stratification of society.

Of all the facts in this world that do not take hold of immortality,
there is not one so intensely real, permanent, and engrossing as this
of social position,--as you see by the circumstances that the core of
all the great social orders the world has seen has been, and is
still, for the most part, a privileged class of gentlemen and ladies
arranged in a regular scale of precedence among themselves, but
superior as a body to all else.

Nothing but an ideal Christian equality, which we have been getting
farther away from since the days of the Primitive Church, can prevent
this subdivision of society into classes from taking place
everywhere,--in the great centres of our republic as much as in old
European monarchies.  Only there position is more absolutely
hereditary,--here it is more completely elective.

--Where is the election held? and what are the qualifications? and
who are the electors?--said the Model.

Nobody ever sees when the vote is taken; there never is a formal
vote.  The women settle it mostly; and they know wonderfully well
what is presentable, and what can't stand the blaze of the
chandeliers and the critical eye and ear of people trained to know a
staring shade in a ribbon, a false light in a jewel, an ill-bred
tone, an angular movement, everything that betrays a coarse fibre and
cheap training.  As a general thing, you do not get elegance short of
two or three removes from the soil, out of which our best blood
doubtless comes,--quite as good, no doubt, as if it came from those
old prize-fighters with iron pots on their heads, to whom some great
people are so fond of tracing their descent through a line of small
artisans and petty shopkeepers whose veins have held "base" fluid
enough to fill the Cloaca Maxima!

Does not money go everywhere?--said the Model.

Almost.  And with good reason.  For though there are numerous
exceptions, rich people are, as I said, commonly altogether the most
agreeable companions.  The influence of a fine house, graceful
furniture, good libraries, well-ordered tables, trim servants, and,
above all, a position so secure that one becomes unconscious of it,
gives a harmony and refinement to the character and manners which we
feel, if we cannot explain their charm.  Yet we can get at the reason
of it by thinking a little.

All these appliances are to shield the sensibility from disagreeable
contacts, and to soothe it by varied natural and artificial
influences.  In this way the mind, the taste, the feelings, grow
delicate, just as the hands grow white and soft when saved from toil
and incased in soft gloves.  The whole nature becomes subdued into
suavity.  I confess I like the quality ladies better than the common
kind even of literary ones.  They have n't read the last book,
perhaps, but they attend better to you when you are talking to them.
If they are never learned, they make up for it in tact and elegance.
Besides, I think, on the whole, there is less self-assertion in
diamonds than in dogmas.  I don't know where you will find a sweeter
portrait of humility than in Esther, the poor play-girl of King
Ahasuerus; yet Esther put on her royal apparel when she went before
her lord.  I have no doubt she was a more gracious and agreeable
person than Deborah, who judged the people and wrote the story of
Sisera.  The wisest woman you talk with is ignorant of something
that you know, but an elegant woman never forgets her elegance.

Dowdyism is clearly an expression of imperfect vitality.  The
highest fashion is intensely alive,--not alive necessarily to the
truest and best things, but with its blood tingling, as it were, in
all its extremities and to the farthest point of its surface, so
that the feather in its bonnet is as fresh as the crest of a
fighting-cock, and the rosette on its slipper as clean-cut and
pimpant (pronounce it English fashion,--it is a good word) as a
dahlia.  As a general rule, that society where flattery is acted is
much more agreeable than that where it is spoken.  Don't you see
why?  Attention and deference don't require you to make fine
speeches expressing your sense of unworthiness (lies) and returning
all the compliments paid you.  This is one reason.

--A woman of sense ought to be above flattering any man,--said the
Model.

[My reflection.  Oh! oh! no wonder you did n't get married.  Served
you right.]  My remark.  Surely, Madam,--if you mean by flattery
telling people boldly to their faces that they are this or that,
which they are not.  But a woman who does not carry about with her
wherever she goes a halo of good feeling and desire to make
everybody contented,--an atmosphere of grace, mercy, and peace, of
at least six feet radius, which wraps every human being upon whom
she voluntarily bestows her presence, and so flatters him with the
comfortable thought that she is rather glad he is alive than
otherwise, isn't worth the trouble of talking to, as a woman; she
may do well enough to hold discussions with.

--I don't think the Model exactly liked this.  She said,--a little
spitefully, I thought,--that a sensible man might stand a little
praise, but would of course soon get sick of it, if he were in the
habit of getting much.

Oh, yes,--I replied,--just as men get sick of tobacco.  It is
notorious how apt they are to get tired of that vegetable.

--That 's so!--said the young fellow John,--I've got tired of my
cigars and burnt 'em all up.

I am heartily glad to hear it,--said the Model,--I wish they were
all disposed of in the same way.

So do I,--said the young fellow John.

Can't you get your friends to unite with you in committing those
odious instruments of debauchery to the flames in which you have
consumed your own?

I wish I could,--said the young fellow John.

It would be a noble sacrifice,--said the Model, and every American
woman would be grateful to you.  Let us burn them all in a heap out
in the yard.

That a'n't my way,--said the young fellow John;--I burn 'em one 't'
time,--little end in my mouth and big end outside.

--I watched for the effect of this sudden change of programme, when
it should reach the calm stillness of the Model's interior
apprehension, as a boy watches for the splash of a stone which he
has dropped into a well.  But before it had fairly reached the
water, poor Iris, who had followed the conversation with a certain
interest until it turned this sharp corner, (for she seems rather to
fancy the young fellow John,) laughed out such a clear, loud laugh,
that it started us all off, as the locust-cry of some full-throated
soprano drags a multitudinous chorus after it.  It was plain that
some dam or other had broken in the soul of this young girl, and she
was squaring up old scores of laughter, out of which she had been
cheated, with a grand flood of merriment that swept all before it.
So we had a great laugh all round, in which the Model--who, if she
had as many virtues as there are spokes to a wheel, all compacted
with a personality as round and complete as its tire, yet wanted
that one little addition of grace, which seems so small, and is as
important as the linchpin in trundling over the rough ways of life--
had not the tact to join.  She seemed to be "stuffy" about it, as
the young fellow John said.  In fact, I was afraid the joke would
have cost us both our new lady-boarders.  It had no effect, however,
except, perhaps, to hasten the departure of the elder of the two,
who could, on the whole, be spared.

--I had meant to make this note of our conversation a text for a few
axioms on the matter of breeding.  But it so happened, that, exactly
at this point of my record, a very distinguished philosopher, whom
several of our boarders and myself go to hear, and whom no doubt
many of my readers follow habitually, treated this matter of
manners.  Up to this point, if I have been so fortunate as to
coincide with him in opinion, and so unfortunate as to try to
express what he has more felicitously said, nobody is to blame; for
what has been given thus far was all written before the lecture was
delivered.  But what shall I do now?  He told us it was childish to
lay down rules for deportment,--but he could not help laying down a
few.

Thus,--Nothing so vulgar as to be in a hurry.  True, but hard of
application.  People with short legs step quickly, because legs are
pendulums, and swing more times in a minute the shorter they are.
Generally a natural rhythm runs through the whole organization:
quick pulse, fast breathing, hasty speech, rapid trains of thought,
excitable temper.  Stillness of person and steadiness of features
are signal marks of good-breeding.  Vulgar persons can't sit still,
or, at least, they must work their limbs or features.

Talking of one's own ails and grievances.--Bad enough, but not so
bad as insulting the person you talk with by remarking on his ill-
looks, or appealing to notice any of his personal peculiarities.

Apologizing.--A very desperate habit,--one that is rarely cured.
Apology is only egotism wrong side out.  Nine times out of ten, the
first thing a man's companion knows of his shortcoming is from his
apology.  It is mighty presumptuous on your part to suppose your
small failures of so much consequence that you must make a talk
about them.

Good dressing, quiet ways, low tones of voice, lips that can wait,
and eyes that do not wander,--shyness of personalities, except in
certain intimate communions,--to be light in hand in conversation,
to have ideas, but to be able to make talk, if necessary, without
them,--to belong to the company you are in, and not to yourself,--to
have nothing in your dress or furniture so fine that you cannot
afford to spoil it and get another like it, yet to preserve the
harmonies, throughout your person and--dwelling: I should say that
this was a fair capital of manners to begin with.

Under bad manners, as under graver faults, lies very commonly an
overestimate of our special individuality, as distinguished from our
generic humanity.  It is just here that the very highest society
asserts its superior breeding.  Among truly elegant people of the
highest ton, you will find more real equality in social intercourse
than in a country village.  As nuns drop their birth-names and
become Sister Margaret and Sister Mary, so high-bred people drop
their personal distinctions and become brothers and sisters of
conversational charity.  Nor are fashionable people without their
heroism.  I believe there are men who have shown as much self-
devotion in carrying a lone wall-flower down to the supper-table as
ever saint or martyr in the act that has canonized his name.  There
are Florence Nightingales of the ballroom, whom nothing can hold
back from their errands of mercy.  They find out the red-handed,
gloveless undergraduate of bucolic antecedents, as he squirms in his
corner, and distill their soft words upon him like dew upon the
green herb.  They reach even the poor relation, whose dreary
apparition saddens the perfumed atmosphere of the sumptuous drawing-
room.  I have known one of these angels ask, of her own accord, that
a desolate middle-aged man, whom nobody seemed to know, should be
presented to her by the hostess.  He wore no shirt-collar,--he had
on black gloves,--and was flourishing a red bandanna handkerchief!
Match me this, ye proud children of poverty, who boast of your
paltry sacrifices for each other!  Virtue in humble life!  What is
that to the glorious self-renunciation of a martyr in pearls and
diamonds?  As I saw this noble woman bending gracefully before the
social mendicant,--the white billows of her beauty heaving under the
foam of the traitorous laces that half revealed them,--I should have
wept with sympathetic emotion, but that tears, except as a private
demonstration, are an ill-disguised expression of self-consciousness
and vanity, which is inadmissible in good society.

I have sometimes thought, with a pang, of the position in which
political chance or contrivance might hereafter place some one of
our fellow-citizens.  It has happened hitherto, so far as my limited
knowledge goes, that the President of the United States has always
been what might be called in general terms a gentleman.  But what if
at some future time the choice of the people should fall upon one on
whom that lofty title could not, by any stretch of charity, be
bestowed?  This may happen,--how soon the future only knows.  Think
of this miserable man of coming political possibilities,--an
unpresentable boor sucked into office by one of those eddies in the
flow of popular sentiment which carry straws and chips into the
public harbor, while the prostrate trunks of the monarchs of the
forest hurry down on the senseless stream to the gulf of political
oblivion!  Think of him, I say, and of the concentrated gaze of good
society through its thousand eyes, all confluent, as it were, in one
great burning-glass of ice that shrivels its wretched object in
fiery torture, itself cold as the glacier of an unsunned cavern!
No,--there will be angels of good-breeding then as now, to shield
the victim of free institutions from himself and from his torturers.
I can fancy a lovely woman playfully withdrawing the knife which he
would abuse by making it an instrument for the conveyance of food,--
or, failing in this kind artifice, sacrificing herself by imitating
his use of that implement; how much harder than to plunge it into
her bosom, like Lucretia!  I can see her studying in his provincial
dialect until she becomes the Champollion of New England or Western
or Southern barbarisms.  She has learned that haow means what; that
think-in' is the same thing as thinking, or she has found out the
meaning of that extraordinary mono syllable, which no single-tongued
phonographer can make legible, prevailing on the banks of the Hudson
and at its embouchure, and elsewhere,--what they say when they think
they say first, (fe-eest,--fe as in the French le),--or that cheer
means chair,--or that urritation means irritation,--and so of other
enormities.  Nothing surprises her.  The highest breeding, you know,
comes round to the Indian standard,--to take everything coolly,--nil
admirari,--if you happen to be learned and like the Roman phrase for
the same thing.

If you like the company of people that stare at you from head to
foot to see if there is a hole in your coat, or if you have not
grown a little older, or if your eyes are not yellow with jaundice,
or if your complexion is not a little faded, and so on, and then
convey the fact to you, in the style in which the Poor Relation
addressed the divinity-student,--go with them as much as you like.
I hate the sight of the wretches.  Don't for mercy's sake think I
hate them; the distinction is one my friend or I drew long ago.  No
matter where you find such people; they are clowns.

The rich woman who looks and talks in this way is not half so much a
lady as her Irish servant, whose pretty "saving your presence," when
she has to say something which offends her natural sense of good
manners, has a hint in it of the breeding of courts, and the blood
of old Milesian kings, which very likely runs in her veins,--thinned
by two hundred years of potato, which, being an underground fruit,
tends to drag down the generations that are made of it to the earth
from which it came, and, filling their veins with starch, turn them
into a kind of human vegetable.

I say, if you like such people, go with them.  But I am going to
make a practical application of the example at the beginning of this
particular record, which some young people who are going to choose
professional advisers by-and-by may remember and thank me for.  If
you are making choice of a physician, be sure you get one, if
possible, with a cheerful and serene countenance.  A physician is
not--at least, ought not to be--an executioner; and a sentence of
death on his face is as bad as a warrant for execution signed by the
Governor.  As a general rule, no man has a right to tell another by
word or look that he is going to die.  It may be necessary in some
extreme cases; but as a rule, it is the last extreme of impertinence
which one human being can offer to another.  "You have killed me,"
said a patient once to a physician who had rashly told him he was
incurable.  He ought to have lived six months, but he was dead in
six' weeks.  If we will only let Nature and the God of Nature alone,
persons will commonly learn their condition as early as they ought
to know it, and not be cheated out of their natural birthright of
hope of recovery, which is intended to accompany sick people as long
as life is comfortable, and is graciously replaced by the hope of
heaven, or at least of rest, when life has become a burden which the
bearer is ready to let fall.

Underbred people tease their sick and dying friends to death.  The
chance of a gentleman or lady with a given mortal ailment to live a
certain time is as good again as that of the common sort of coarse
people.  As you go down the social scale, you reach a point at
length where the common talk in sick rooms is of churchyards and
sepulchres, and a kind of perpetual vivisection is forever carried
on, upon the person of the miserable sufferer.

And so, in choosing your clergyman, other things being equal, prefer
the one of a wholesome and cheerful habit of mind and body.  If you
can get along with people who carry a certificate in their faces
that their goodness is so great as to make them very miserable, your
children cannot.  And whatever offends one of these little ones
cannot be right in the eyes of Him who loved them so well.

After all, as you are a gentleman or a lady, you will probably
select gentlemen for your bodily and spiritual advisers, and then
all will be right.

This repetition of the above words,--gentleman and lady,--which
could not be conveniently avoided, reminds me what strange uses are
made of them by those who ought to know what they mean.  Thus, at a
marriage ceremony, once, of two very excellent persons who had been
at service, instead of, Do you take this man, etc.?  and, Do you
take this woman?  how do you think the officiating clergyman put the
questions?  It was, Do you, Miss So and So, take this GENTLEMAN?
and, Do you, Mr. This or That, take this LADY?!  What would any
English duchess, ay, or the Queen of England herself, have thought,
if the Archbishop of Canterbury had called her and her bridegroom
anything but plain woman and man at such a time?

I don't doubt the Poor Relation thought it was all very fine, if she
happened to be in the church; but if the worthy man who uttered
these monstrous words--monstrous in such a connection--had known the
ludicrous surprise, the convulsion of inward disgust and contempt,
that seized upon many of the persons who were present,--had guessed
what a sudden flash of light it threw on the Dutch gilding, the
pinchbeck, the shabby, perking pretension belonging to certain
social layers,--so inherent in their whole mode of being, that the
holiest offices of religion cannot exclude its impertinences,--the
good man would have given his marriage-fee twice over to recall that
superb and full-blown vulgarism.  Any persons whom it could please
could have no better notion of what the words referred to signify
than of the meaning of apsides and asymptotes.

MAN!  Sir!  WOMAN!  Sir!  Gentility is a fine thing, not to be
undervalued, as I have been trying to explain; but humanity comes
before that.

         "When Adam delved and Eve span,
          Who was then the gentleman?"

The beauty of that plainness of speech and manners which comes from
the finest training is not to be understood by those whose habitat
is below a certain level.  Just as the exquisite sea-anemones and
all the graceful ocean-flowers die out at some fathoms below the
surface, the elegances and suavities of life die out one by one as
we sink through the social scale.  Fortunately, the virtues are more
tenacious of life, and last pretty well until we get down to the mud
of absolute pauperism, where they do not flourish greatly.

--I had almost forgotten about our boarders.  As the Model of all
the Virtues is about to leave us, I find myself wondering what is
the reason we are not all very sorry.  Surely we all like good
persons.  She is a good person.  Therefore we like her.--Only we
don't.

This brief syllogism, and its briefer negative, involving the
principle which some English conveyancer borrowed from a French wit
and embodied in the lines by which Dr. Fell is made unamiably
immortal, this syllogism, I say, is one that most persons have had
occasion to construct and demolish, respecting somebody or other, as
I have done for the Model.  "Pious and painefull."  Why has that
excellent old phrase gone out of use?  Simply because these good
painefull or painstaking persons proved to be such nuisances in the
long run, that the word "painefull" came, before people thought of
it, to mean pain-giving instead of painstaking.

--So, the old fellah's off to-morrah,--said the young man John.

Old fellow?--said I,--whom do you mean?

Why, the one that came with our little beauty, the old fellah in
petticoats.

--Now that means something,--said I to myself.--These rough young
rascals very often hit the nail on the head, if they do strike with
their eyes shut.  A real woman does a great many things without
knowing why she does them; but these pattern machines mix up their
intellects with everything they do, just like men.  They can't help
it, no doubt; but we can't help getting sick of them, either.
Intellect is to a woman's nature what her watch-spring skirt is to
her dress; it ought to underlie her silks and embroideries, but not
to show itself too staringly on the outside.---You don't know,
perhaps, but I will tell you; the brain is the palest of all the
internal organs, and the heart the reddest.  Whatever comes from the
brain carries the hue of the place it came from, and whatever comes
from the heart carries the heat and color of its birthplace.

The young man John did not hear my soliloquy, of course, but sent up
one more bubble from our sinking conversation, in the form of a
statement, that she was at liberty to go to a personage who receives
no visits, as is commonly supposed, from virtuous people.

Why, I ask again, (of my reader,) should a person who never did
anybody any wrong, but, on the contrary, is an estimable and
intelligent, nay, a particularly enlightened and exemplary member of
society, fail to inspire interest, love, and devotion?  Because of
the reversed current in the flow of thought and emotion.  The red
heart sends all its instincts up to the white brain to be analyzed,
chilled, blanched, and so become pure reason, which is just exactly
what we do not want of woman as woman.  The current should run the
other-way.  The nice, calm, cold thought, which in women shapes
itself so rapidly that they hardly know it as thought, should always
travel to the lips via the heart.  It does so in those women whom
all love and admire.  It travels the wrong way in the Model.  That
is the reason why the Little Gentleman said "I hate her, I hate
her."  That is the reason why the young man John called her the "old
fellah," and banished her to the company of the great Unpresentable.
That is the reason why I, the Professor, am picking her to pieces
with scalpel and forceps.  That is the reason why the young girl
whom she has befriended repays her kindness with gratitude and
respect, rather than with the devotion and passionate fondness which
lie sleeping beneath the calmness of her amber eyes.  I can see her,
as she sits between this estimable and most correct of personages
and the misshapen, crotchety, often violent and explosive little man
on the other side of her, leaning and swaying towards him as she
speaks, and looking into his sad eyes as if she found some fountain
in them at which her soul could quiet its thirst.

Women like the Model are a natural product of a chilly climate and
high culture.  It is not

    "The frolic wind that breathes the spring,
     Zephyr with Aurora playing,"

when the two meet

    "---on beds of violets blue,
     And fresh-blown roses washed in dew,"

that claim such women as their offspring.  It is rather the east
wind, as it blows out of the fogs of Newfoundland, and clasps a
clear-eyed wintry noon on the chill bridal couch of a New England
ice-quarry.--Don't throw up your cap now, and hurrah as if this
were giving up everything, and turning against the best growth of
our latitudes,--the daughters of the soil.  The brain-women never
interest us like the heart women; white roses please less than red.
But our Northern seasons have a narrow green streak of spring, as
well as a broad white zone of winter,--they have a glowing band of
summer and a golden stripe of autumn in their many-colored wardrobe;
and women are born to us that wear all these hues of earth and
heaven in their souls.  Our ice-eyed brain-women are really
admirable, if we only ask of them just what they can give, and no
more.  Only compare them, talking or writing, with one of those
babbling, chattering dolls, of warmer latitudes, who do not know
enough even to keep out of print, and who are interesting to us only
as specimens of arrest of development for our psychological
cabinets.

Good-bye, Model of all the Virtues!  We can spare you now.  A little
clear perfection, undiluted with human weakness, goes a great way.
Go! be useful, be honorable and honored, be just, be charitable,
talk pure reason, and help to disenchant the world by the light of
an achromatic understanding.  Goodbye!  Where is my Beranger?  I
must read a verse or two of "Fretillon."

Fair play for all.  But don't claim incompatible qualities for
anybody.  Justice is a very rare virtue in our community.
Everything that public sentiment cares about is put into a Papin's
digester, and boiled under high pressure till all is turned into one
homogeneous pulp, and the very bones give up their jelly.  What are
all the strongest epithets of our dictionary to us now?  The critics
and politicians, and especially the philanthropists, have chewed
them, till they are mere wads of syllable-fibre, without a
suggestion of their old pungency and power.

Justice!  A good man respects the rights even of brute matter and
arbitrary symbols.  If he writes the same word twice in succession,
by accident, he always erases the one that stands second; has not
the first-comer the prior right?  This act of abstract justice,
which I trust many of my readers, like myself, have often performed,
is a curious anti-illustration, by the way, of the absolute
wickedness of human dispositions.  Why doesn't a man always strike
out the first of the two words, to gratify his diabolical love of
injustice?

So, I say, we owe a genuine, substantial tribute of respect to these
filtered intellects which have left their womanhood on the strainer.
They are so clear that it is a pleasure at times to look at the
world of thought through them.  But the rose and purple tints of
richer natures they cannot give us, and it is not just to them to
ask it.

Fashionable society gets at these rich natures very often in a way
one would hardly at first think of.  It loves vitality above all
things, sometimes disguised by affected languor, always well kept
under by the laws of good-breeding,--but still it loves abundant
life, opulent and showy organizations,--the spherical rather than
the plane trigonometry of female architecture,--plenty of red blood,
flashing eyes, tropical voices, and forms that bear the splendors of
dress without growing pale beneath their lustre.  Among these you
will find the most delicious women you will ever meet,--women whom
dress and flattery and the round of city gayeties cannot spoil,--
talking with whom, you forget their diamonds and laces,--and around
whom all the nice details of elegance, which the cold-blooded beauty
next them is scanning so nicely, blend in one harmonious whole, too
perfect to be disturbed by the petulant sparkle of a jewel, or the
yellow glare of a bangle, or the gay toss of a feather.

There are many things that I, personally, love better than fashion
or wealth.  Not to speak of those highest objects of our love and
loyalty, I think I love ease and independence better than the golden
slavery of perpetual matinees and soirees, or the pleasures of
accumulation.

But fashion and wealth are two very solemn realities, which the
frivolous class of moralists have talked a great deal of silly stuff
about.  Fashion is only the attempt to realize Art in living forms
and social intercourse.  What business has a man who knows nothing
about the beautiful, and cannot pronounce the word view, to talk
about fashion to a set of people who, if one of the quality left a
card at their doors, would contrive to keep it on the very top of
their heap of the names of their two-story acquaintances, till it
was as yellow as the Codex Vaticanus?

Wealth, too,--what an endless repetition of the same foolish
trivialities about it!  Take the single fact of its alleged
uncertain tenure and transitory character.  In old times, when men
were all the time fighting and robbing each other,--in those
tropical countries where the Sabeans and the Chaldeans stole all a
man's cattle and camels, and there were frightful tornadoes and
rains of fire from heaven, it was true enough that riches took wings
to themselves not unfrequently in a very unexpected way.  But, with
common prudence in investments, it is not so now.  In fact, there is
nothing earthly that lasts so well, on the whole, as money.  A man's
learning dies with him; even his virtues fade out of remembrance,
but the dividends on the stocks he bequeaths to his children live
and keep his memory green.

I do not think there is much courage or originality in giving
utterance to truths that everybody knows, but which get overlaid by
conventional trumpery.  The only distinction which it is necessary
to point out to feeble-minded folk is this: that, in asserting the
breadth and depth of that significance which gives to fashion and
fortune their tremendous power, we do not indorse the extravagances
which often disgrace the one, nor the meanness which often degrades
the other.

A remark which seems to contradict a universally current opinion is
not generally to be taken "neat," but watered with the ideas of
common-sense and commonplace people.  So, if any of my young friends
should be tempted to waste their substance on white kids and "all-
rounds," or to insist on becoming millionaires at once, by anything
I have said, I will give them references to some of the class
referred to, well known to the public as providers of literary
diluents, who will weaken any truth so that there is not an old
woman in the land who cannot take it with perfect impunity.

I am afraid some of the blessed saints in diamonds will think I mean
to flatter them.  I hope not;--if I do, set it down as a weakness.
But there is so much foolish talk about wealth and fashion, (which,
of course, draw a good many heartless and essentially vulgar people
into the glare of their candelabra, but which have a real
respectability and meaning, if we will only look at them
stereoscopically, with both eyes instead of one,) that I thought it
a duty to speak a few words for them.  Why can't somebody give us a
list of things that everybody thinks and nobody says, and another
list of things that everybody says and nobody thinks?

Lest my parish should suppose we have forgotten graver matters in
these lesser topics, I beg them to drop these trifles and read the
following lesson for the day.

     THE TWO STREAMS.

Behold the rocky wall
That down its sloping sides
Pours the swift rain-drops, blending, as they fall,
In rushing river-tides!

Yon stream, whose sources run
Turned by a pebble's edge,
Is Athabasca, rolling toward the sun
Through the cleft mountain-ledge.

The slender rill had strayed,
But for the slanting stone,
To evening's ocean, with the tangled braid
Of foam-flecked Oregon.

So from the heights of Will
Life's parting stream descends,
And, as a moment turns its slender rill,
Each widening torrent bends,

From the same cradle's side,
From the same mother's knee,--
One to long darkness and the frozen tide,
One to the Peaceful Sea!




VII

Our landlady's daughter is a young lady of some pretensions to
gentility.  She wears her bonnet well back on her head, which is
known by all to be a mark of high breeding.  She wears her trains
very long, as the great ladies do in Europe.  To be sure, their
dresses are so made only to sweep the tapestried floors of chateaux
and palaces; as those odious aristocrats of the other side do not go
draggling through the mud in silks and satins, but, forsooth, must
ride in coaches when they are in full dress.  It is true, that,
considering various habits of the American people, also the little
accidents which the best-kept sidewalks are liable to, a lady who
has swept a mile of them is not exactly in such a condition that one
would care to be her neighbor.  But then there is no need of being
so hard on these slight weaknesses of the poor, dear women as our
little deformed gentleman was the other day.

--There are no such women as the Boston women, Sir,--he said.
Forty-two degrees, north latitude, Rome, Sir, Boston, Sir!  They had
grand women in old Rome, Sir,--and the women bore such men--children
as never the world saw before.  And so it was here, Sir.  I tell
you, the revolution the Boston boys started had to run in woman's
milk before it ran in man's blood, Sir!

But confound the make-believe women we have turned loose in our
streets!--where do they come from?  Not out of Boston parlors, I
trust.  Why, there is n't a beast or a bird that would drag its tail
through the dirt in the way these creatures do their dresses.
Because a queen or a duchess wears long robes on great occasions, a
maid-of-all-work or a factory-girl thinks she must make herself a
nuisance by trailing through the street, picking up and carrying
about with her pah!--that's what I call getting vulgarity into your
bones and marrow.  Making believe be what you are not is the essence
of vulgarity.  Show over dirt is the one attribute of vulgar people.
If any man can walk behind one of these women and see what she rakes
up as she goes, and not feel squeamish, he has got a tough stomach.
I wouldn't let one of 'em into my room without serving 'em as David
served Saul at the cave in the wilderness,--cut off his skirts, Sir!
cut off his skirts!

I suggested, that I had seen some pretty stylish ladies who offended
in the way he condemned.

Stylish women, I don't doubt,--said the Little Gentleman.--Don't
tell me that a true lady ever sacrifices the duty of keeping all
about her sweet and clean to the wish of making a vulgar show.  I
won't believe it of a lady.  There are some things that no fashion
has any right to touch, and cleanliness is one of those things.  If
a woman wishes to show that her husband or her father has got money,
which she wants and means to spend, but doesn't know how, let her
buy a yard or two of silk and pin it to her dress when she goes out
to walk, but let her unpin it before she goes into the house;--there
may be poor women that will think it worth disinfecting.  It is an
insult to a respectable laundress to carry such things into a house
for her to deal with.  I don't like the Bloomers any too well,--in
fact, I never saw but one, and she--or he, or it--had a mob of boys
after her, or whatever you call the creature, as if she had been
a-----

The Little Gentleman stopped short,--flushed somewhat, and looked
round with that involuntary, suspicious glance which the subjects of
any bodily misfortune are very apt to cast round them.  His eye
wandered over the company, none of whom, excepting myself and one
other, had, probably, noticed the movement.  They fell at last on
Iris,--his next neighbor, you remember.

--We know in a moment, on looking suddenly at a person, if that
person's eyes have been fixed on us.

Sometimes we are conscious of it before we turn so as to see the
person.  Strange secrets of curiosity, of impertinence, of malice,
of love, leak out in this way.  There is no need of Mrs. Felix
Lorraine's reflection in the mirror, to tell us that she is plotting
evil for us behind our backs.  We know it, as we know by the ominous
stillness of a child that some mischief or other is going-on.  A
young girl betrays, in a moment, that her eyes have been feeding on.
the face where you find them fixed, and not merely brushing over it
with their pencils of blue or brown light.

A certain involuntary adjustment assimilates us, you may also
observe, to that upon which we look.  Roses redden the cheeks of her
who stoops to gather them, and buttercups turn little people's chins
yellow.  When we look at a vast landscape, our chests expand as if
we would enlarge to fill it.  When we examine a minute object, we
naturally contract, not only our foreheads, but all our dimensions.
If I see two men wrestling, I wrestle too, with my limbs and
features.  When a country-fellow comes upon the stage, you will see
twenty faces in the boxes putting on the bumpkin expression.  There
is no need of multiplying instances to reach this generalization;
every person and thing we look upon puts its special mark upon us.
If this is repeated often enough, we get a permanent resemblance to
it, or, at least, a fixed aspect which we took from it.  Husband and
wife come to look alike at last, as has often been noticed.  It is a
common saying of a jockey, that he is "all horse"; and I have often
fancied that milkmen get a stiff, upright carriage, and an angular
movement of the arm, that remind one of a pump and the working of
its handle.

All this came in by accident, just because I happened to mention
that the Little Gentleman found that Iris had been looking at him
with her soul in her eyes, when his glance rested on her after
wandering round the company.  What he thought, it is hard to say;
but the shadow of suspicion faded off from his face, and he looked
calmly into the amber eyes, resting his cheek upon the hand that
wore the red jewel.

--If it were a possible thing,--women are such strange creatures!
Is there any trick that love and their own fancies do not play them?
Just see how they marry!  A woman that gets hold of a bit of manhood
is like one of those Chinese wood-carvers who work on any odd,
fantastic root that comes to hand, and, if it is only bulbous above
and bifurcated below, will always contrive to make a man--such as he
is--out of it.  I should like to see any kind of a man,
distinguishable from a Gorilla, that some good and even pretty woman
could not shape a husband out of.

--A child,--yes, if you choose to call her so, but such a child!  Do
you know how Art brings all ages together?  There is no age to the
angels and ideal human forms among which the artist lives, and he
shares their youth until his hand trembles and his eye grows dim.
The youthful painter talks of white-bearded Leonardo as if he were a
brother, and the veteran forgets that Raphael died at an age to
which his own is of patriarchal antiquity.

But why this lover of the beautiful should be so drawn to one whom
Nature has wronged so deeply seems hard to explain.  Pity, I
suppose.  They say that leads to love.

--I thought this matter over until I became excited and curious, and
determined to set myself more seriously at work to find out what was
going on in these wild hearts and where their passionate lives were
drifting.  I say wild hearts and passionate lives, because I think I
can look through this seeming calmness of youth and this apparent
feebleness of organization, and see that Nature, whom it is very
hard to cheat, is only waiting as the sapper waits in his mine,
knowing that all is in readiness and the slow-match burning quietly
down to the powder.  He will leave it by-and-by, and then it will
take care of itself.

One need not wait to see the smoke coming through the roof of a
house and the flames breaking out of the windows to know that the
building is on fire.  Hark!  There is a quiet, steady, unobtrusive,
crisp, not loud, but very knowing little creeping crackle that is
tolerably intelligible.  There is a whiff of something floating
about, suggestive of toasting shingles.  Also a sharp pyroligneous-
acid pungency in the air that stings one's eyes.  Let us get up and
see what is going on.--Oh,--oh,--oh! do you know what has got hold
of you?  It is the great red dragon that is born of the little red
eggs we call sparks, with his hundred blowing red manes, and his
thousand lashing red tails, and his multitudinous red eyes glaring
at every crack and key-hole, and his countless red tongues lapping
the beams he is going to crunch presently, and his hot breath
warping the panels and cracking the glass and making old timber
sweat that had forgotten it was ever alive with sap.  Run for your
life! leap! or you will be a cinder in five minutes, that nothing
but a coroner would take for the wreck of a human being!

If any gentleman will have the kindness to stop this run-away
comparison, I shall be much obliged to him.  All I intended to say
was, that we need not wait for hearts to break out in flames to know
that they are full of combustibles and that a spark has got among
them.  I don't pretend to say or know what it is that brings these
two persons together;--and when I say together, I only mean that
there is an evident affinity of some kind or other which makes their
commonest intercourse strangely significant, as that each seems to
understand a look or a word of the other.  When the young girl laid
her hand on the Little Gentleman's arm,--which so greatly shocked
the Model, you may remember,--I saw that she had learned the lion-
tamer's secret.  She masters him, and yet I can see she has a kind
of awe of him, as the man who goes into the cage has of the monster
that he makes a baby of.

One of two things must happen.  The first is love, downright love,
on the part of this young girl, for the poor little misshapen man.
You may laugh, if you like.  But women are apt to love the men who
they think have the largest capacity of loving;--and who can love
like one that has thirsted all his life long for the smile of youth
and beauty, and seen it fly his presence as the wave ebbed from the
parched lips of him whose fabled punishment is the perpetual type of
human longing and disappointment?  What would become of him, if this
fresh soul should stoop upon him in her first young passion, as the
flamingo drops out of the sky upon some lonely and dark lagoon in
the marshes of Cagliari, with a flutter of scarlet feathers and a
kindling of strange fires in the shadowy waters that hold her
burning image?

--Marry her, of course?--Why, no, not of course.  I should think the
chance less, on the whole, that he would be willing to marry her
than she to marry him.

There is one other thing that might happen.  If the interest he
awakes in her gets to be a deep one, and yet has nothing of love in
it, she will glance off from him into some great passion or other.
All excitements run to love in women of a certain--let us not say
age, but youth.  An electrical current passing through a coil of
wire makes a magnet of a bar of iron lying within it, but not
touching it.  So a woman is turned into a love-magnet by a tingling
current of life running round her.  I should like to see one of them
balanced on a pivot properly adjusted, and watch if she did not turn
so as to point north and south,--as she would, if the love-currents
are like those of the earth our mother.

Pray, do you happen to remember Wordsworth's "Boy of Windermere"?
This boy used to put his hands to his mouth, and shout aloud,
mimicking the hooting of the owls, who would answer him

               "with quivering peals,
     And long halloos and screams, and echoes loud
     Redoubled and redoubled."

When they failed to answer him, and he hung listening intently for
their voices, he would sometimes catch the faint sound of far
distant waterfalls, or the whole scene around him would imprint
itself with new force upon his perceptions.--Read the sonnet, if
you please;--it is Wordsworth all over,--trivial in subject, solemn
in style, vivid in description, prolix in detail, true meta-
physically, but immensely suggestive of "imagination," to use a mild
term, when related as an actual fact of a sprightly youngster.
All I want of it is to enforce the principle, that, when the door of
the soul is once opened to a guest, there is no knowing who will
come in next.

--Our young girl keeps up her early habit of sketching heads and
characters.  Nobody is, I should think, more faithful and exact in
the drawing of the academical figures given her as lessons, but
there is a perpetual arabesque of fancies that runs round the margin
of her drawings, and there is one book which I know she keeps to run
riot in, where, if anywhere, a shrewd eye would be most likely to
read her thoughts.  This book of hers I mean to see, if I can get at
it honorably.

I have never yet crossed the threshold of the Little Gentleman's
chamber.  How he lives, when he once gets within it, I can only
guess.  His hours are late, as I have said; often, on waking late in
the night, I see the light through cracks in his window-shutters on
the wall of the house opposite.  If the times of witchcraft were not
over, I should be afraid to be so close a neighbor to a place from
which there come such strange noises.  Sometimes it is the dragging
of something heavy over the floor, that makes me shiver to hear it,-
-it sounds so like what people that kill other people have to do now
and then.  Occasionally I hear very sweet strains of music,--whether
of a wind or stringed instrument, or a human voice, strange as it
may seem, I have often tried to find out, but through the partition
I could not be quite sure.  If I have not heard a woman cry and
moan, and then again laugh as though she would die laughing, I have
heard sounds so like them that--I am a fool to confess it--I have
covered my head with the bedclothes; for I have had a fancy in my
dreams, that I could hardly shake off when I woke up, about that so-
called witch that was his great-grandmother, or whatever it was,--a
sort of fancy that she visited the Little Gentleman,--a young woman
in old-fashioned dress, with a red ring round her white neck,--not a
neck-lace, but a dull-stain.

Of course you don't suppose that I have any foolish superstitions
about the matter,--I, the Professor, who have seen enough to take
all that nonsense out of any man's head!  It is not our beliefs that
frighten us half so much as our fancies.  A man not only believes,
but knows he runs a risk, whenever he steps into a railroad car; but
it does n't worry him much.  On the other hand, carry that man
across a pasture a little way from some dreary country-village, and
show him an old house where there were strange deaths a good many
years ago, and there are rumors of ugly spots on the walls,--the old
man hung himself in the garret, that is certain, and ever since the
country-people have called it "the haunted house,"--the owners
have n't been able to let it since the last tenants left on account
of the noises,--so it has fallen into sad decay, and the moss grows
on the rotten shingles of the roof, and the clapboards have turned
black, and the windows rattle like teeth that chatter with fear, and
the walls of the house begin to lean as if its knees were shaking,--
take the man who did n't mind the real risk of the cars to that old
house, on some dreary November evening, and ask him to sleep there
alone,--how do you think he will like it?  He doesn't believe one
word of ghosts,--but then he knows, that, whether waking or
sleeping, his imagination will people the haunted chambers with
ghostly images.  It is not what we believe, as I said before, that
frightens us commonly, but what we conceive.  A principle that
reaches a good way if I am not mistaken.  I say, then, that, if
these odd sounds coming from the Little Gentleman's chamber
sometimes make me nervous, so that I cannot get to sleep, it is not
because I suppose he is engaged in any unlawful or mysterious way.
The only wicked suggestion that ever came into my head was one that
was founded on the landlady's story of his having a pile of gold; it
was a ridiculous fancy; besides, I suspect the story of sweating
gold was only one of the many fables got up to make the Jews odious
and afford a pretext for plundering them.  As for the sound like a
woman laughing and crying, I never said it was a woman's voice; for,
in the first place, I could only hear indistinctly; and, secondly,
he may have an organ, or some queer instrument or other, with what
they call the vox humana stop.  If he moves his bed round to get
away from the window, or for any such reason, there is nothing very
frightful in that simple operation.  Most of our foolish conceits
explain themselves in some such simple way.  And, yet, for all that,
I confess, that, when I woke up the other evening, and heard, first
a sweet complaining cry, and then footsteps, and then the dragging
sound,--nothing but his bed, I am quite sure,--I felt a stirring in
the roots of my hair as the feasters did in Keats's terrible poem of
"Lamia."

There is nothing very odd in my feeling nervous when I happen to lie
awake and get listening for sounds.  Just keep your ears open any
time after midnight, when you are lying in bed in a lone attic of a
dark night.  What horrid, strange, suggestive, unaccountable noises
you will hear!  The stillness of night is a vulgar error.  All the
dead things seem to be alive.  Crack!  That is the old chest of
drawers; you never hear it crack in the daytime.  Creak!  There's a
door ajar; you know you shut them all.

Where can that latch be that rattles so?  Is anybody trying it
softly?  or, worse than any body, is----?  (Cold shiver.) Then a
sudden gust that jars all the windows;--very strange!--there does
not seem to be any wind about that it belongs to.  When it stops,
you hear the worms boring in the powdery beams overhead.  Then steps
outside,--a stray animal, no doubt.  All right,--but a gentle
moisture breaks out all over you; and then something like a whistle
or a cry,--another gust of wind, perhaps; that accounts for the
rustling that just made your heart roll over and tumble about, so
that it felt more like a live rat under your ribs than a part of
your own body; then a crash of something that has fallen,--blown
over, very likely----Pater noster, qui es in coelis! for you are
damp and cold, and sitting bolt upright, and the bed trembling so
that the death-watch is frightened and has stopped ticking!

No,--night is an awful time for strange noises and secret doings.
Who ever dreamed, till one of our sleepless neighbors told us of it,
of that Walpurgis gathering of birds and beasts of prey,--foxes, and
owls, and crows, and eagles, that come from all the country round on
moonshiny nights to crunch the clams and muscles, and pick out the
eyes of dead fishes that the storm has thrown on Chelsea Beach?  Our
old mother Nature has pleasant and cheery tones enough for us when
she comes in her dress of blue and gold over the eastern hill-tops;
but when she follows us up-stairs to our beds in her suit of black
velvet and diamonds, every creak of her sandals and every whisper of
her lips is full of mystery and fear.

You understand, then, distinctly, that I do not believe there is
anything about this singular little neighbor of mine which is as it
should not be.  Probably a visit to his room would clear up all that
has puzzled me, and make me laugh at the notions which began, I
suppose, in nightmares, and ended by keeping my imagination at work
so as almost to make me uncomfortable at times.  But it is not so
easy to visit him as some of our other boarders, for various reasons
which I will not stop to mention.  I think some of them are rather
pleased to get "the Professor" under their ceilings.

The young man John, for instance, asked me to come up one day and
try some "old Burbon," which he said was A 1.  On asking him what
was the number of his room, he answered, that it was forty-'leven,
sky-parlor floor, but that I shouldn't find it, if he did n't go
ahead to show me the way.  I followed him to his habitat, being very
willing to see in what kind of warren he burrowed, and thinking I
might pick up something about the boarders who had excited my
curiosity.

Mighty close quarters they were where the young man John bestowed
himself and his furniture; this last consisting of a bed, a chair, a
bureau, a trunk, and numerous pegs with coats and "pants" and
"vests,"--as he was in the habit of calling waist-coats and
pantaloons or trousers,--hanging up as if the owner had melted out
of them.  Several prints were pinned up unframed,--among them that
grand national portrait-piece, "Barnum presenting Ossian E. Dodge to
Jenny Lind," and a picture of a famous trot, in which I admired anew
the cabalistic air of that imposing array of expressions, and
especially the Italicized word, "Dan Mace names b. h. Major Slocum,"
and "Hiram Woodruff names g. m. Lady Smith."  "Best three in five.
Time: 2.40, 2.46, 2.50."

That set me thinking how very odd this matter of trotting horses is,
as an index of the mathematical exactness of the laws of living
mechanism.  I saw Lady Suffolk trot a mile in 2.26.  Flora Temple
has trotted close down to 2.20; and Ethan Allen in 2.25, or less.
Many horses have trotted their mile under 2.30; none that I remember
in public as low down as 2.20.  From five to ten seconds, then, in
about a hundred and sixty is the whole range of the maxima of the
present race of trotting horses.  The same thing is seen in the
running of men.  Many can run a mile in five minutes; but when one
comes to the fractions below, they taper down until somewhere about
4.30 the maximum is reached.  Averages of masses have been studied
more than averages of maxima and minima.  We know from the
Registrar-General's Reports, that a certain number of children--say
from one to two dozen--die every year in England from drinking hot
water out of spouts of teakettles.  We know, that, among suicides,
women and men past a certain age almost never use fire-arms.  A
woman who has made up her mind to die is still afraid of a pistol or
a gun.  Or is it that the explosion would derange her costume?

I say, averages of masses we have, but our tables of maxima we owe
to the sporting men more than to the philosophers.  The lesson their
experience teaches is, that Nature makes no leaps,--does nothing per
saltum.  The greatest brain that ever lived, no doubt, was only a
small fraction of an idea ahead of the second best.  Just look at
the chess-players.  Leaving out the phenomenal exceptions, the nice
shades that separate the skilful ones show how closely their brains
approximate,--almost as closely as chronometers.  Such a person is a
"knight-player,"--he must have that piece given him.  Another must
have two pawns.  Another, "pawn and two," or one pawn and two moves.
Then we find one who claims "pawn and move," holding himself, with
this fractional advantage, a match for one who would be pretty sure
to beat him playing even.--So much are minds alike; and you and I
think we are "peculiar,"--that Nature broke her jelly-mould after
shaping our cerebral convolutions.  So I reflected, standing and
looking at the picture.

--I say, Governor,--broke in the young man John,--them bosses '11
stay jest as well, if you'll only set down.  I've had 'em this year,
and they haven't stirred.--He spoke, and handed the chair towards
me,--seating himself, at the same time, on the end of the bed.

You have lived in this house some time?--I said,--with a note of
interrogation at the end of the statement.

Do I look as if I'd lost much flesh--said he, answering my question
by another.

No,--said I;--for that matter, I think you do credit to "the
bountifully furnished table of the excellent lady who provides so
liberally for the company that meets around her hospitable board."

[The sentence in quotation-marks was from one of those disinterested
editorials in small type, which I suspect to have been furnished by
a friend of the landlady's, and paid for as an advertisement.  This
impartial testimony to the superior qualities of the establishment
and its head attracted a number of applicants for admission, and a
couple of new boarders made a brief appearance at the table.  One of
them was of the class of people who grumble if they don't get
canvas-backs and woodcocks every day, for three-fifty per week.  The
other was subject to somnambulism, or walking in the night, when he
ought to have been asleep in his bed.  In this state he walked into
several of the boarders' chambers, his eyes wide open, as is usual
with somnambulists, and, from some odd instinct or other, wishing to
know what the hour was, got together a number of their watches, for
the purpose of comparing them, as it would seem.  Among them was a
repeater, belonging to our young Marylander.  He happened to wake up
while the somnambulist was in his chamber, and, not knowing his
infirmity, caught hold of him and gave him a dreadful shaking, after
which he tied his hands and feet, and so left him till morning, when
he introduced him to a gentleman used to taking care of such cases
of somnambulism.]

If you, my reader, will please to skip backward, over this
parenthesis, you will come to our conversation, which it has
interrupted.

It a'n't the feed,--said the young man John,--it's the old woman's
looks when a fellah lays it in too strong.  The feed's well enough.
After geese have got tough, 'n' turkeys have got strong, 'n' lamb's
got old, 'n' veal's pretty nigh beef, 'n' sparragrass 's growin'
tall 'n' slim 'n' scattery about the head, 'n' green peas are
gettin' so big 'n' hard they'd be dangerous if you fired 'em out of
a revolver, we get hold of all them delicacies of the season.  But
it's too much like feedin' on live folks and devourin' widdah's
substance, to lay yourself out in the eatin' way, when a fellah 's
as hungry as the chap that said a turkey was too much for one 'n'
not enough for two.  I can't help lookin' at the old woman.  Corned-
beef-days she's tolerable calm.  Roastin'-days she worries some, 'n'
keeps a sharp eye on the chap that carves.  But when there's
anything in the poultry line, it seems to hurt her feelin's so to
see the knife goin' into the breast and joints comin' to pieces,
that there's no comfort in eatin'.  When I cut up an old fowl and
help the boarders, I always feel as if I ought to say, Won't you
have a slice of widdah?--instead of chicken.

The young man John fell into a train of reflections which ended in
his producing a Bologna sausage, a plate of "crackers," as we Boston
folks call certain biscuits, and the bottle of whiskey described as
being A 1.

Under the influence of the crackers and sausage, he grew cordial and
communicative.

It was time, I thought, to sound him as to those of our boarders who
had excited my curiosity.

What do you think of our young Iris?--I began.

Fust-rate little filly;-he said.--Pootiest and nicest little chap
I've seen since the schoolma'am left.  Schoolma'am was a brown-
haired one,--eyes coffee-color.  This one has got wine-colored
eyes,--'n' that 's the reason they turn a fellah's head, I suppose.

This is a splendid blonde,--I said,--the other was a brunette.
Which style do you like best?

Which do I like best, boiled mutton or roast mutton?--said the young
man John.  Like 'em both,--it a'n't the color of 'em makes the
goodness.  I 've been kind of lonely since schoolma'am went away.
Used to like to look at her.  I never said anything particular to
her, that I remember, but---

I don't know whether it was the cracker and sausage, or that the
young fellow's feet were treading on the hot ashes of some longing
that had not had time to cool, but his eye glistened as he stopped.

I suppose she wouldn't have looked at a fellah like me,--he said,--
but I come pretty near tryin'.  If she had said, Yes, though, I
shouldn't have known what to have done with her.  Can't marry a
woman now-a-days till you're so deaf you have to cock your head like
a parrot to hear what she says, and so longsighted you can't see
what she looks like nearer than arm's-length.

Here is another chance for you,--I said.--What do you want nicer
than such a young lady as Iris?

It's no use,--he answered.--I look at them girls and feel as the
fellah did when he missed catchin' the trout.--'To'od 'a' cost more
butter to cook him 'n' he's worth,--says the fellah.--Takes a whole
piece o' goods to cover a girl up now-a-days.  I'd as lief undertake
to keep a span of elephants,--and take an ostrich to board, too,--as
to marry one of 'em.  What's the use?  Clerks and counter-jumpers
ain't anything.  Sparragrass and green peas a'n't for them,--not
while they're young and tender.  Hossback-ridin' a'n't for them,--
except once a year, on Fast-day.  And marryin' a'n't for them.
Sometimes a fellah feels lonely, and would like to have a nice young
woman, to tell her how lonely he feels.  And sometimes a fellah,--
here the young man John looked very confidential, and, perhaps, as
if a little ashamed of his weakness,--sometimes a fellah would like
to have one o' them small young ones to trot on his knee and push
about in a little wagon,--a kind of a little Johnny, you know;--it's
odd enough, but, it seems to me, nobody can afford them little
articles, except the folks that are so rich they can buy everything,
and the folks that are so poor they don't want anything.  It makes
nice boys of us young fellahs, no doubt!  And it's pleasant to see
fine young girls sittin', like shopkeepers behind their goods,
waitin', and waitin', and waitin', 'n' no customers,--and the men
lingerin' round and lookin' at the goods, like folks that want to be
customers, but have n't the money!

Do you think the deformed gentleman means to make love to Iris?--I
said.

What!  Little Boston ask that girl to marry him!  Well, now, that's
cumin' of it a little too strong.  Yes, I guess she will marry him
and carry him round in a basket, like a lame bantam: Look here!--he
said, mysteriously;--one of the boarders swears there's a woman
comes to see him, and that he has heard her singin' and screechin'.
I should like to know what he's about in that den of his.  He lays
low 'n' keeps dark,--and, I tell you, there's a good many of the
boarders would like to get into his chamber, but he don't seem to
want 'em.  Biddy could tell somethin' about what she's seen when she
's been to put his room to rights.  She's a Paddy 'n' a fool, but
she knows enough to keep her tongue still.  All I know is, I saw her
crossin' herself one day when she came out of that room.  She looked
pale enough, 'n' I heard her mutterin' somethin' or other about the
Blessed Virgin.  If it had n't been for the double doors to that
chamber of his, I'd have had a squint inside before this; but,
somehow or other, it never seems to happen that they're both open at
once.

What do you think he employs himself about?  said I.

The young man John winked.

I waited patiently for the thought, of which this wink was the
blossom, to come to fruit in words.

I don't believe in witches,--said the young man John.

Nor I.

We were both silent for a few minutes.


--Did you ever see the young girl's drawing-books,--I said,
presently.

All but one,--he answered;--she keeps a lock on that, and won't show
it.  Ma'am Allen, (the young rogue sticks to that name, in speaking
of the gentleman with the diamond,) Ma'am Allen tried to peek into
it one day when she left it on the sideboard.  "If you please," says
she,--'n' took it from him, 'n' gave him a look that made him curl
up like a caterpillar on a hot shovel.  I only wished he had n't,
and had jest given her a little sass, for I've been takin' boxin'-
lessons, 'n' I 've got a new way of counterin' I want to try on to
somebody.

--The end of all this was, that I came away from the young fellow's
room, feeling that there were two principal things that I had to
live for, for the next six weeks or six months, if it should take so
long.  These were, to get a sight of the young girl's drawing.
book, which I suspected had her heart shut up in it, and to get a
look into the Little Gentleman's room.

I don't doubt you think it rather absurd that I should trouble
myself about these matters.  You tell me, with some show of reason,
that all I shall find in the young girl's--book will be some
outlines of angels with immense eyes, traceries of flowers, rural
sketches, and caricatures, among which I shall probably have the
pleasure of seeing my own features figuring.  Very likely.  But I'll
tell you what I think I shall find.  If this child has idealized the
strange little bit of humanity over which she seems to have spread
her wings like a brooding dove,--if, in one of those wild vagaries
that passionate natures are so liable to, she has fairly sprung upon
him with her clasping nature, as the sea-flowers fold about the
first stray shell-fish that brushes their outspread tentacles,
depend upon it, I shall find the marks of it in this drawing-book of
hers,--if I can ever get a look at it,--fairly, of course, for I
would not play tricks to satisfy my curiosity.

Then, if I can get into this Little Gentleman's room under any fair
pretext, I shall, no doubt, satisfy myself in five minutes that he
is just like other people, and that there is no particular mystery
about him.

The night after my visit to the young man John, I made all these and
many more reflections.  It was about two o'clock in the morning,--
bright starlight,--so light that I could make out the time on my
alarm-clock,--when I woke up trembling and very moist.  It was the
heavy dragging sound, as I had often heard it before that waked me.
Presently a window was softly closed.  I had just begun to get over
the agitation with which we always awake from nightmare dreams, when
I heard the sound which seemed to me as of a woman's voice,--the
clearest, purest soprano which one could well conceive of.  It was
not loud, and I could not distinguish a word, if it was a woman's
voice; but there were recurring phrases of sound and snatches of
rhythm that reached me, which suggested the idea of complaint, and
sometimes, I thought, of passionate grief and despair.  It died away
at last,--and then I heard the opening of a door, followed by a low,
monotonous sound, as of one talking,--and then the closing of a
door,--and presently the light on the opposite wall disappeared and
all was still for the night.

By George!  this gets interesting,--I said, as I got out of bed for
a change of night-clothes.

I had this in my pocket the other day, but thought I would n't read
it at our celebration.  So I read it to the boarders instead, and
print it to finish off this record with.


          ROBINSON OF LEYDEN.

He sleeps not here; in hope and prayer
His wandering flock had gone before,
But he, the shepherd, might not share
Their sorrows on the wintry shore.

Before the Speedwell's anchor swung,
Ere yet the Mayflower's sail was spread,
While round his feet the Pilgrims clung,
The pastor spake, and thus he said:--

"Men, brethren, sisters, children dear!
God calls you hence from over sea;
Ye may not build by Haerlem Meer,
Nor yet along the Zuyder-Zee.

"Ye go to bear the saving word
To tribes unnamed and shores untrod:
Heed well the lessons ye have heard
From those old teachers taught of God.

"Yet think not unto them was lent
All light for all the coming days,
And Heaven's eternal wisdom spent
In making straight the ancient ways.

"The living fountain overflows
For every flock, for every lamb,
Nor heeds, though angry creeds oppose
With Luther's dike or Calvin's dam."

He spake; with lingering, long embrace,
With tears of love and partings fond,
They floated down the creeping Maas,
Along the isle of Ysselmond.

They passed the frowning towers of Briel,
The "Hook of Holland's" shelf of sand,
And grated soon with lifting keel
The sullen shores of Fatherland.

No home for these!--too well they knew
The mitred king behind the throne;
The sails were set, the pennons flew,
And westward ho!  for worlds unknown.

--And these were they who gave us birth,
The Pilgrims of the sunset wave,
Who won for us this virgin earth,
And freedom with the soil they gave.

The pastor slumbers by the Rhine,--
In alien earth the exiles lie,--
Their nameless graves our holiest shrine,
His words our noblest battle-cry!

Still cry them, and the world shall hear,
Ye dwellers by the storm-swept sea!
Ye have not built by Haerlem Meer,
Nor on the land-locked Zuyder-Zee!




VIII

There has been a sort of stillness in the atmosphere of our
boarding-house since my last record, as if something or other were
going on.  There is no particular change that I can think of in the
aspect of things; yet I have a feeling as if some game of life were
quietly playing and strange forces were at work, underneath this
smooth surface of every-day boardinghouse life, which would show
themselves some fine morning or other in events, if not in
catastrophes.  I have been watchful, as I said I should be, but have
little to tell as yet.  You may laugh at me, and very likely think
me foolishly fanciful to trouble myself about what is going on in a
middling-class household like ours.  Do as you like.  But here is
that terrible fact to begin with,--a beautiful young girl, with the
blood and the nerve-fibre that belong to Nature's women, turned
loose among live men.

-Terrible fact?

Very terrible.  Nothing more so.  Do you forget the angels who lost
heaven for the daughters of men?  Do you forget Helen, and the fair
women who made mischief and set nations by the ears before Helen was
born?  If jealousies that gnaw men's hearts out of their bodies,--if
pangs that waste men to shadows and drive them into raving madness
or moping melancholy,--if assassination and suicide are dreadful
possibilities, then there is always something frightful about a
lovely young woman.--I love to look at this "Rainbow," as her
father used sometimes to call her, of ours.  Handsome creature that
she is in forms and colors,--the very picture, as it seems to me, of
that "golden blonde" my friend whose book you read last year fell in
love with when he was a boy, (as you remember, no doubt,)--handsome
as she is, fit for a sea-king's bride, it is not her beauty alone
that holds my eyes upon her.  Let me tell you one of my fancies, and
then you will understand the strange sort of fascination she has for
me.

It is in the hearts of many men and women--let me add children--that
there is a Great Secret waiting for them,--a secret of which they
get hints now and then, perhaps oftener in early than in later
years.  These hints come sometimes in dreams, sometimes in sudden
startling flashes,--second wakings, as it were,--a waking out of the
waking state, which last is very apt to be a half-sleep.  I have
many times stopped short and held my breath, and felt the blood
leaving my cheeks, in one of these sudden clairvoyant flashes.  Of
course I cannot tell what kind of a secret this is, but I think of
it as a disclosure of certain relations of our personal being to
time and space, to other intelligences, to the procession of events,
and to their First Great Cause.  This secret seems to be broken up,
as it were, into fragments, so that we find here a word and there a
syllable, and then again only a letter of it; but it never is
written out for most of us as a complete sentence, in this life.  I
do not think it could be; for I am disposed to consider our beliefs
about such a possible disclosure rather as a kind of premonition of
an enlargement of our faculties in some future state than as an
expectation to be fulfilled for most of us in this life.  Persons,
however, have fallen into trances,--as did the Reverend William
Tennent, among many others,--and learned some things which they
could not tell in our human words.

Now among the visible objects which hint to us fragments of this
infinite secret for which our souls are waiting, the faces of women
are those that carry the most legible hieroglyphics of the great
mystery.  There are women's faces, some real, some ideal, which
contain something in them that becomes a positive element in our
creed, so direct and palpable a revelation is it of the infinite
purity and love.  I remember two faces of women with wings, such as
they call angels, of Fra Angelico,--and I just now came across a
print of Raphael's Santa Apollina, with something of the same
quality,--which I was sure had their prototypes in the world above
ours.  No wonder the Catholics pay their vows to the Queen of
Heaven!  The unpoetical side of Protestantism is, that it has no
women to be worshipped.

But mind you, it is not every beautiful face that hints the Great
Secret to us, nor is it only in beautiful faces that we find traces
of it.  Sometimes it looks out from a sweet sad eye, the only beauty
of a plain countenance; sometimes there is so much meaning in the
lips of a woman, not otherwise fascinating, that we know they have a
message for us, and wait almost with awe to hear their accents.  But
this young girl has at once the beauty of feature and the unspoken
mystery of expression.  Can she tell me anything?

Is her life a complement of mine, with the missing element in it
which I have been groping after through so many friendships that I
have tired of, and through--Hush!  Is the door fast?  Talking loud
is a bad trick in these curious boarding-houses.

You must have sometimes noted this fact that I am going to remind
you of and to use for a special illustration.  Riding along over a
rocky road, suddenly the slow monotonous grinding of the crushing
gravel changes to a deep heavy rumble.  There is a great hollow
under your feet,--a huge unsunned cavern.  Deep, deep beneath you in
the core of the living rock, it arches its awful vault, and far away
it stretches its winding galleries, their roofs dripping into
streams where fishes have been swimming and spawning in the dark
until their scales are white as milk and their eyes have withered
out, obsolete and useless.

So it is in life.  We jog quietly along, meeting the same faces,
grinding over the same thoughts, the gravel of the soul's highway,--
now and then jarred against an obstacle we cannot crush, but must
ride over or round as we best may, sometimes bringing short up
against a disappointment, but still working along with the creaking
and rattling and grating and jerking that belong to the journey of
life, even in the smoothest-rolling vehicle.  Suddenly we hear the
deep underground reverberation that reveals the unsuspected depth of
some abyss of thought or passion beneath us.

I wish the girl would go.  I don't like to look at her so much, and
yet I cannot help it.  Always that same expression of something that
I ought to know,--something that she was made to tell and I to
hear,--lying there ready to fall off from her lips, ready to leap
out of her eyes and make a saint of me, or a devil or a lunatic, or
perhaps a prophet to tell the truth and be hated of men, or a poet
whose words shall flash upon the dry stubble-field of worn-out
thoughts and burn over an age of lies in an hour of passion.

It suddenly occurs to me that I may have put you on the wrong track.
The Great Secret that I refer to has nothing to do with the Three
Words.  Set your mind at ease about that,--there are reasons I could
give you which settle all that matter.  I don't wonder, however,
that you confounded the Great Secret with the Three Words.

I LOVE YOU is all the secret that many, nay, most women have to
tell.  When that is said, they are like China-crackers on the
morning of the fifth of July.  And just as that little patriotic
implement is made with a slender train which leads to the magazine
in its interior, so a sharp eye can almost always see the train
leading from a young girl's eye or lip to the "I love you" in her
heart.  But the Three Words are not the Great Secret I mean.  No,
women's faces are only one of the tablets on which that is written
in its partial, fragmentary symbols.  It lies deeper than Love,
though very probably Love is a part of it.  Some, I think,--
Wordsworth might be one of them,--spell out a portion of it from
certain beautiful natural objects, landscapes, flowers, and others.
I can mention several poems of his that have shadowy hints which
seem to me to come near the region where I think it lies.  I have
known two persons who pursued it with the passion of the old
alchemists,--all wrong evidently, but infatuated, and never giving
up the daily search for it until they got tremulous and feeble, and
their dreams changed to visions of things that ran and crawled about
their floor and ceilings, and so they died.  The vulgar called them
drunkards.

I told you that I would let you know the mystery of the effect this
young girl's face produces on me.  It is akin to those influences a
friend of mine has described, you may remember, as coming from
certain voices.  I cannot translate it into words,--only into
feelings; and these I have attempted to shadow by showing that her
face hinted that revelation of something we are close to knowing,
which all imaginative persons are looking for either in this world
or on the very threshold of the next.

You shake your head at the vagueness and fanciful
incomprehensibleness of my description of the expression in a young
girl's face.  You forget what a miserable surface-matter this
language is in which we try to reproduce our interior state of
being.  Articulation is a shallow trick.  From the light Poh! which
we toss off from our lips as we fling a nameless scribbler's
impertinence into our waste-baskets, to the gravest utterances which
comes from our throats in our moments of deepest need, is only a
space of some three or four inches.  Words, which are a set of
clickings, hissings, lispings, and so on, mean very little, compared
to tones and expression of the features.  I give it up; I thought I
could shadow forth in some feeble way, by their aid, the effect this
young girl's face produces on my imagination; but it is of no use.
No doubt your head aches, trying to make something of my
description.  If there is here and there one that can make anything
intelligible out of my talk about the Great Secret, and who has
spelt out a syllable or two of it on some woman's face, dead or
living, that is all I can expect.  One should see the person with
whom he converses about such matters.  There are dreamy-eyed people
to whom I should say all these things with a certainty of being
understood;--

          That moment that his face I see,
          I know the man that must hear me
          To him my tale I teach.

--I am afraid some of them have not got a spare quarter of a dollar
for this August number, so that they will never see it.

--Let us start again, just as if we had not made this ambitious
attempt, which may go for nothing, and you can have your money
refunded, if you will make the change.

This young girl, about whom I have talked so unintelligibly, is the
unconscious centre of attraction to the whole solar system of our
breakfast-table.  The Little Gentleman leans towards her, and she
again seems to be swayed as by some invisible gentle force towards
him.  That slight inclination of two persons with a strong affinity
towards each other, throwing them a little out of plumb when they
sit side by side, is a physical fact I have often noticed.  Then
there is a tendency in all the men's eyes to converge on her; and I
do firmly believe, that, if all their chairs were examined, they
would be found a little obliquely placed, so as to favor the
direction in which their occupants love to look.

That bland, quiet old gentleman, of whom I have spoken as sitting
opposite to me, is no exception to the rule.  She brought down some
mignonette one morning, which she had grown in her chamber.  She
gave a sprig to her little neighbor, and one to the landlady, and
sent another by the hand of Bridget to this old gentleman.

--Sarvant, Ma'am I Much obleeged,--he said, and put it gallantly in
his button-hole.--After breakfast he must see some of her drawings.
Very fine performances,--very fine!--truly elegant productions,
truly elegant!--Had seen Miss Linwood's needlework in London, in
the year (eighteen hundred and little or nothing, I think he said,)-
patronized by the nobility and gentry, and Her Majesty,--elegant,
truly elegant productions, very fine performances; these drawings
reminded him of them;--wonderful resemblance to Nature; an
extraordinary art, painting; Mr. Copley made some very fine pictures
that he remembered seeing when he was a boy.  Used to remember some
lines about a portrait Written by Mr. Cowper, beginning,

         "Oh that those lips had language! Life has pass'd
          With me but roughly since I heard thee last."

And with this the old gentleman fell to thinking about a dead mother
of his that he remembered ever so much younger than he now was, and
looking, not as his mother, but as his daughter should look.  The
dead young mother was looking at the old man, her child, as she used
to look at him so many, many years ago.  He stood still as if in a
waking dream, his eyes fixed on the drawings till their outlines
grew indistinct and they ran into each other, and a pale, sweet face
shaped itself out of the glimmering light through which he saw them.
--What is there quite so profoundly human as an old man's memory of
a mother who died in his earlier years?  Mother she remains till
manhood, and by-and-by she grows to be as a sister; and at last,
when, wrinkled and bowed and broken, he looks back upon her in her
fair youth, he sees in the sweet image he caresses, not his parent,
but, as it were, his child.

If I had not seen all this in the old gentleman's face, the words
with which he broke his silence would have betrayed his train of
thought.

--If they had only taken pictures then as they do now!--he said.
--All gone! all gone! nothing but her face as she leaned on the arms
of her great chair; and I would give a hundred pound for the poorest
little picture of her, such as you can buy for a shilling of anybody
that you don't want to see.--The old gentleman put his hand to his
forehead so as to shade his eyes.  I saw he was looking at the dim
photograph of memory, and turned from him to Iris.

How many drawing-books have you filled,--I said,--since you began to
take lessons?--This was the first,--she answered,--since she was
here; and it was not full, but there were many separate sheets of
large size she had covered with drawings.

I turned over the leaves of the book before us.  Academic studies,
principally of the human figure.  Heads of sibyls, prophets, and so
forth.  Limbs from statues.  Hands and feet from Nature.  What a
superb drawing of an arm!  I don't remember it among the figures
from Michel Angelo, which seem to have been her patterns mainly.
From Nature, I think, or after a cast from Nature.--Oh!

--Your smaller studies are in this, I suppose,--I said, taking up
the drawing-book with a lock on it,--Yes,--she said.--I should like
to see her style of working on a small scale.--There was nothing in
it worth showing,--she said; and presently I saw her try the lock,
which proved to be fast.  We are all caricatured in it, I haven't
the least doubt.  I think, though, I could tell by her way of
dealing with us what her fancies were about us boarders.  Some of
them act as if they were bewitched with her, but she does not seem
to notice it much.  Her thoughts seem to be on her little neighbor
more than on anybody else.  The young fellow John appears to stand
second in her good graces.  I think he has once or twice sent her
what the landlady's daughter calls bo-kays of flowers,--somebody
has, at any rate.--I saw a book she had, which must have come from
the divinity-student.  It had a dreary title-page, which she had
enlivened with a fancy portrait of the author,--a face from memory,
apparently,--one of those faces that small children loathe without
knowing why, and which give them that inward disgust for heaven so
many of the little wretches betray, when they hear that these are
"good men," and that heaven is full of such.--The gentleman with
the diamond--the Koh-i-noor, so called by us--was not encouraged, I
think, by the reception of his packet of perfumed soap.  He pulls
his purple moustache and looks appreciatingly at Iris, who never
sees him, as it should seem.  The young Marylander, who I thought
would have been in love with her before this time, sometimes looks
from his corner across the long diagonal of the table, as much as to
say, I wish you were up here by me, or I were down there by you,--
which would, perhaps, be a more natural arrangement than the present
one.  But nothing comes of all this,--and nothing has come of my
sagacious idea of finding out the girl's fancies by looking into her
locked drawing-book.

Not to give up all the questions I was determined to solve, I made
an attempt also to work into the Little Gentleman's chamber.  For
this purpose, I kept him in conversation, one morning, until he was
just ready to go up-stairs, and then, as if to continue the talk,
followed him as he toiled back to his room.  He rested on the
landing and faced round toward me.  There was something in his eye
which said, Stop there!  So we finished our conversation on the
landing.  The next day, I mustered assurance enough to knock at his
door, having a pretext ready.--No answer.--Knock again.  A door,
as if of a cabinet, was shut softly and locked, and presently I
heard the peculiar dead beat of his thick-soled, misshapen boots.
The bolts and the lock of the inner door were unfastened,--with
unnecessary noise, I thought,--and he came into the passage.  He
pulled the inner door after him and opened the outer one at which I
stood.  He had on a flowered silk dressing-gown, such as
"Mr. Copley" used to paint his old-fashioned merchant-princes in;
and a quaint-looking key in his hand.  Our conversation was short,
but long enough to convince me that the Little Gentleman did not
want my company in his chamber, and did not mean to have it.

I have been making a great fuss about what is no mystery at all,--a
schoolgirl's secrets and a whimsical man's habits.  I mean to give
up such nonsense and mind my own business.--Hark!  What the deuse
is that odd noise in his chamber?

--I think I am a little superstitious.  There were two things, when
I was a boy, that diabolized my imagination,--I mean, that gave me a
distinct apprehension of a formidable bodily shape which prowled
round the neighborhood where I was born and bred.  The first was a
series of marks called the "Devil's footsteps."  These were patches
of sand in the pastures, where no grass grew, where the low-bush
blackberry, the "dewberry," as our Southern neighbors call it, in
prettier and more Shakspearian language, did not spread its clinging
creepers,--where even the pale, dry, sadly-sweet "everlasting" could
not grow, but all was bare and blasted.  The second was a mark in
one of the public buildings near my home,--the college dormitory
named after a Colonial Governor.  I do not think many persons are
aware of the existence of this mark,--little having been said about
the story in print, as it was considered very desirable, for the
sake of the Institution, to hush it up.  In the northwest corner,
and on the level of the third or fourth story, there are signs of a
breach in the walls, mended pretty well, but not to be mistaken.  A
considerable portion of that corner must have been carried away,
from within outward.  It was an unpleasant affair; and I do not care
to repeat the particulars; but some young men had been using sacred
things in a profane and unlawful way, when the occurrence, which was
variously explained, took place.  The story of the Appearance in the
chamber was, I suppose, invented afterwards; but of the injury to
the building there could be no question; and the zig-zag line, where
the mortar is a little thicker than before, is still distinctly
visible.  The queer burnt spots, called the "Devil's footsteps," had
never attracted attention before this time, though there is no
evidence that they had not existed previously, except that of the
late Miss M., a "Goody," so called, or sweeper, who was positive on
the subject, but had a strange horror of referring to an affair of
which she was thought to know something.--I tell you it was not so
pleasant for a little boy of impressible nature to go up to bed in
an old gambrel-roofed house, with untenanted, locked upper-chambers,
and a most ghostly garret,--with the "Devil's footsteps" in the
fields behind the house and in front of it the patched dormitory
where the unexplained occurrence had taken place which startled
those godless youths at their mock devotions, so that one of them
was epileptic from that day forward, and another, after a dreadful
season of mental conflict, took holy orders and became renowned for
his ascetic sanctity.

There were other circumstances that kept up the impression produced
by these two singular facts I have just mentioned.  There was a dark
storeroom, on looking through the key-hole of which, I could dimly
see a heap of chairs and tables, and other four-footed things, which
seemed to me to have rushed in there, frightened, and in their
fright to have huddled together and climbed up on each other's
backs,--as the people did in that awful crush where so many were
killed, at the execution of Holloway and Haggerty.  Then the Lady's
portrait, up-stairs, with the sword-thrusts through it,--marks of
the British officers' rapiers,--and the tall mirror in which they
used to look at their red coats,--confound them for smashing its
mate?--and the deep, cunningly wrought arm-chair in which Lord Percy
used to sit while his hair was dressing;--he was a gentleman, and
always had it covered with a large peignoir, to save the silk
covering my grandmother embroidered.  Then the little room
downstairs from which went the orders to throw up a bank of earth on
the hill yonder, where you may now observe a granite obelisk,--"the
study" in my father's time, but in those days the council-chamber of
armed men,--sometimes filled with soldiers; come with me, and I will
show you the "dents" left by the butts of their muskets all over the
floor.  With all these suggestive objects round me, aided by the
wild stories those awful country-boys that came to live in our
service brought with them;--of contracts written in blood and left
out over night, not to be found the next morning, (removed by the
Evil One, who takes his nightly round among our dwellings, and filed
away for future use,)--of dreams coming true,--of death-signs,--of
apparitions, no wonder that my imagination got excited, and I was
liable to superstitious fancies.

Jeremy Bentham's logic, by which he proved that he couldn't possibly
see a ghost is all very well-in the day-time.  All the reason in the
world will never get those impressions of childhood, created by just
such circumstances as I have been telling, out of a man's head.
That is the only excuse I have to give for the nervous kind of
curiosity with which I watch my little neighbor, and the obstinacy
with which I lie awake whenever I hear anything going on in his
chamber after midnight.

But whatever further observations I may have made must be deferred
for the present.  You will see in what way it happened that my
thoughts were turned from spiritual matters to bodily ones, and how
I got my fancy full of material images,--faces, heads, figures,
muscles, and so forth,--in such a way that I should have no chance
in this number to gratify any curiosity you may feel, if I had the
means of so doing.

Indeed, I have come pretty near omitting my periodical record this
time.  It was all the work of a friend of mine, who would have it
that I should sit to him for my portrait.  When a soul draws a body
in the great lottery of life, where every one is sure of a prize,
such as it is, the said soul inspects the said body with the same
curious interest with which one who has ventured into a "gift
enterprise" examines the "massive silver pencil-case" with the
coppery smell and impressible tube, or the "splendid gold ring" with
the questionable specific gravity, which it has been his fortune to
obtain in addition to his purchase.

The soul, having studied the article of which it finds itself
proprietor, thinks, after a time, it knows it pretty well.  But
there is this difference between its view and that of a person
looking at us:--we look from within, and see nothing but the mould
formed by the elements in which we are incased; other observers look
from without, and see us as living statues.  To be sure, by the aid
of mirrors, we get a few glimpses of our outside aspect; but this
occasional impression is always modified by that look of the soul
from within outward which none but ourselves can take.  A portrait
is apt, therefore, to be a surprise to us.  The artist looks only
from without.  He sees us, too, with a hundred aspects on our faces
we are never likely to see.  No genuine expression can be studied by
the subject of it in the looking-glass.

More than this; he sees us in a way in which many of our friends or
acquaintances never see us.  Without wearing any mask we are
conscious of, we have a special face for each friend.  For, in the
first place, each puts a special reflection of himself upon us, on
the principle of assimilation you found referred to in my last
record, if you happened to read that document.  And secondly, each
of our friends is capable of seeing just so far, and no farther,
into our face, and each sees in it the particular thing that he
looks for.  Now the artist, if he is truly an artist, does not take
any one of these special views.  Suppose he should copy you as you
appear to the man who wants your name to a subscription-list, you
could hardly expect a friend who entertains you to recognize the
likeness to the smiling face which sheds its radiance at his board.
Even within your own family, I am afraid there is a face which the
rich uncle knows, that is not so familiar to the poor relation.  The
artist must take one or the other, or something compounded of the
two, or something different from either.  What the daguerreotype and
photograph do is to give the features and one particular look, the
very look which kills all expression, that of self-consciousness.
The artist throws you off your guard, watches you in movement and in
repose, puts your face through its exercises, observes its
transitions, and so gets the whole range of its expression.  Out of
all this he forms an ideal portrait, which is not a copy of your
exact look at any one time or to any particular person.  Such a
portrait cannot be to everybody what the ungloved call "as nat'ral
as life."  Every good picture, therefore, must be considered wanting
in resemblance by many persons.

There is one strange revelation which comes out, as the artist
shapes your features from his outline.  It is that you resemble so
many relatives to whom you yourself never had noticed any particular
likeness in your countenance.

He is at work at me now, when I catch some of these resemblances,
thus:

There! that is just the look my father used to have sometimes; I
never thought I had a sign of it.  The mother's eyebrow and grayish-
blue eye, those I knew I had.  But there is a something which
recalls a smile that faded away from my sister's lips--how many
years ago!  I thought it so pleasant in her, that I love myself
better for having a trace of it.

Are we not young?  Are we not fresh and blooming?  Wait, a bit.  The
artist takes a mean little brush and draws three fine lines,
diverging outwards from the eye over the temple.  Five years.--The
artist draws one tolerably distinct and two faint lines,
perpendicularly between the eyebrows.  Ten years.--The artist
breaks up the contours round the mouth, so that they look a little
as a hat does that has been sat upon and recovered itself, ready, as
one would say, to crumple up again in the same creases, on smiling
or other change of feature.--Hold on!  Stop that!  Give a young
fellow a chance!  Are we not whole years short of that interesting
period of life when Mr. Balzac says that a man, etc., etc., etc.?

There now!  That is ourself, as we look after finishing an article,
getting a three-mile pull with the ten-foot sculls, redressing the
wrongs of the toilet, and standing with the light of hope in our eye
and the reflection of a red curtain on our cheek.  Is he not a POET
that painted us?

          "Blest be the art that can immortalize!"
                                        COWPER.

--Young folks look on a face as a unit; children who go to school
with any given little John Smith see in his name a distinctive
appellation, and in his features as special and definite an
expression of his sole individuality as if he were the first created
of his race: As soon as we are old enough to get the range of three
or four generations well in hand, and to take in large family
histories, we never see an individual in a face of any stock we
know, but a mosaic copy of a pattern, with fragmentary tints from
this and that ancestor.  The analysis of a face into its ancestral
elements requires that it should be examined in the very earliest
infancy, before it has lost that ancient and solemn look it brings
with it out of the past eternity; and again in that brief space when
Life, the mighty sculptor, has done his work, and Death, his silent
servant, lifts the veil and lets us look at the marble lines he has
wrought so faithfully; and lastly, while a painter who can seize all
the traits of a countenance is building it up, feature after
feature, from the slight outline to the finished portrait.

--I am satisfied, that, as we grow older, we learn to look upon our
bodies more and more as a temporary possession and less and less as
identified with ourselves.  In early years, while the child "feels
its life in every limb," it lives in the body and for the body to a
very great extent.  It ought to be so.  There have been many very
interesting children who have shown a wonderful indifference to the
things of earth and an extraordinary development of the spiritual
nature.  There is a perfect literature of their biographies, all
alike in their essentials; the same "disinclination to the usual
amusements of childhood "; the same remarkable sensibility; the same
docility; the same conscientiousness; in short, an almost uniform
character, marked by beautiful traits, which we look at with a
painful admiration.  It will be found that most of these children
are the subjects of some constitutional unfitness for living, the
most frequent of which I need not mention.  They are like the
beautiful, blushing, half-grown fruit that falls before its time
because its core is gnawed out.  They have their meaning,--they do
not-live in vain,--but they are windfalls.  I am convinced that many
healthy children are injured morally by being forced to read too
much about these little meek sufferers and their spiritual
exercises.  Here is a boy that loves to run, swim, kick football,
turn somersets, make faces, whittle, fish, tear his clothes, coast,
skate, fire crackers, blow squash "tooters," cut his name on fences,
read about Robinson Crusoe and Sinbad the Sailor, eat the widest-
angled slices of pie and untold cakes and candies, crack nuts with
his back teeth and bite out the better part of another boy's apple
with his front ones, turn up coppers, "stick" knives, call names,
throw stones, knock off hats, set mousetraps, chalk doorsteps, "cut
behind" anything on wheels or runners, whistle through his teeth,
"holler" Fire! on slight evidence, run after soldiers, patronize an
engine-company, or, in his own words, "blow for tub No. 11," or
whatever it may be;--isn't that a pretty nice sort of a boy, though
he has not got anything the matter with him that takes the taste of
this world out?  Now, when you put into such a hot-blooded, hard-
fisted, round-cheeked little rogue's hand a sad-looking volume or
pamphlet, with the portrait of a thin, white-faced child, whose life
is really as much a training for death as the last month of a
condemned criminal's existence, what does he find in common between
his own overflowing and exulting sense of vitality and the
experiences of the doomed offspring of invalid parents?  The time
comes when we have learned to understand the music of sorrow, the
beauty of resigned suffering, the holy light that plays over the
pillow of those who die before their time, in humble hope and trust.
But it is not until he has worked his way through the period of
honest hearty animal existence, which every robust child should make
the most of,--not until he has learned the use of his various
faculties, which is his first duty,--that a boy of courage and
animal vigor is in a proper state to read these tearful records of
premature decay.  I have no doubt that disgust is implanted in the
minds of many healthy children by early surfeits of pathological
piety.  I do verily believe that He who took children in His arms
and blessed them loved the healthiest and most playful of them just
as well as those who were richest in the tuberculous virtues.  I
know what I am talking about, and there are more parents in this
country who will be willing to listen to what I say than there are
fools to pick a quarrel with me.  In the sensibility and the
sanctity which often accompany premature decay I see one of the most
beautiful instances of the principle of compensation which marks the
Divine benevolence.  But to get the spiritual hygiene of robust
natures out of the exceptional regimen of invalids is just simply
what we Professors call "bad practice"; and I know by experience
that there are worthy people who not only try it on their own
children, but actually force it on those of their neighbors.

--Having been photographed, and stereographed, and chromatographed,
or done in colors, it only remained to be phrenologized.  A polite
note from Messrs. Bumpus and Crane, requesting our attendance at
their Physiological Emporium, was too tempting to be resisted.  We
repaired to that scientific Golgotha.

Messrs. Bumpus and Crane are arranged on the plan of the man and the
woman in the toy called a "weather-house," both on the same wooden
arm suspended on a pivot,--so that when one comes to the door, the
other retires backwards, and vice versa.  The more particular
speciality of one is to lubricate your entrance and exit,--that of
the other to polish you off phrenologically in the recesses of the
establishment.  Suppose yourself in a room full of casts and
pictures, before a counterful of books with taking titles.  I wonder
if the picture of the brain is there, "approved" by a noted
Phrenologist, which was copied from my, the Professor's, folio
plate, in the work of Gall and Spurzheim.  An extra convolution, No.
9, Destructiveness, according to the list beneath, which was not to
be seen in the plate, itself a copy of Nature, was very liberally
supplied by the artist, to meet the wants of the catalogue of
"organs."  Professor Bumpus is seated in front of a row of women,--
horn-combers and gold-beaders, or somewhere about that range of
life,--looking so credulous, that, if any Second-Advent Miller or
Joe Smith should come along, he could string the whole lot of them
on his cheapest lie, as a boy strings a dozen "shiners" on a
stripped twig of willow.

The Professor (meaning ourselves) is in a hurry, as usual; let the
horn-combers wait,--he shall be bumped without inspecting the
antechamber.

Tape round the head,--22 inches.  (Come on, old 23 inches, if you
think you are the better man!)

Feels thorax and arm, and nuzzles round among muscles as those
horrid old women poke their fingers into the salt-meat on the
provision-stalls at the Quincy Market.  Vitality, No.  5 or 6, or
something or other.  Victuality, (organ at epigastrium,) some
other number equally significant.

Mild champooing of head now commences.  'Extraordinary revelations!
Cupidiphilous, 6!  Hymeniphilous, 6 +!  Paediphilous, 5!
Deipniphilous, 6!  Gelasmiphilous, 6!  Musikiphilous, 5!
Uraniphilous, 5!  Glossiphilous, 8!! and so on.  Meant for a
linguist.--Invaluable information.  Will invest in grammars and
dictionaries immediately.--I have nothing against the grand total
of my phrenological endowments.

I never set great store by my head, and did not think Messrs.
Bumpus and Crane would give me so good a lot of organs as they did,
especially considering that I was a dead-head on that occasion.
Much obliged to them for their politeness.  They have been useful in
their way by calling attention to important physiological facts.
(This concession is due to our immense bump of Candor.)


A short Lecture on Phrenology, read to the Boarders at our
Breakfast-Table.

I shall begin, my friends, with the definition of a Pseudo-science.
A Pseudo-science consists of a nomenclature, with a self-adjusting
arrangement, by which all positive evidence, or such as favors its
doctrines, is admitted, and all negative evidence, or such as tells
against it, is excluded.  It is invariably connected with some
lucrative practical application.  Its professors and practitioners
are usually shrewd people; they are very serious with the public,
but wink and laugh a good deal among themselves.  The believing
multitude consists of women of both sexes, feeble minded inquirers,
poetical optimists, people who always get cheated in buying horses,
philanthropists who insist on hurrying up the millennium, and others
of this class, with here and there a clergyman, less frequently a
lawyer, very rarely a physician, and almost never a horse-jockey or
a member of the detective police.--I do not say that Phrenology was
one of the Pseudo-sciences.

A Pseudo-science does not necessarily consist wholly of lies.  It
may contain many truths, and even valuable ones.  The rottenest bank
starts with a little specie.  It puts out a thousand promises to pay
on the strength of a single dollar, but the dollar is very commonly
a good one.  The practitioners of the Pseudo-sciences know that
common minds, after they have been baited with a real fact or two,
will jump at the merest rag of a lie, or even at the bare hook.
When we have one fact found us, we are very apt to supply the next
out of our own imagination.  (How many persons can read Judges xv.
16 correctly the first time?) The Pseudo-sciences take advantage of
this.--I did not say that it was so with Phrenology.

I have rarely met a sensible man who would not allow that there was
something in Phrenology.  A broad, high forehead, it is commonly
agreed, promises intellect; one that is "villanous low" and has a
huge hind-head back of it, is wont to mark an animal nature.  I have
as rarely met an unbiassed and sensible man who really believed in
the bumps.  It is observed, however, that persons with what the
Phrenologists call "good heads" are more prone than others toward
plenary belief in the doctrine.

It is so hard to prove a negative, that, if a man should assert that
the moon was in truth a green cheese, formed by the coagulable
substance of the Milky Way, and challenge me to prove the contrary,
I might be puzzled.  But if he offer to sell me a ton of this lunar
cheese, I call on him to prove the truth of the Gaseous nature of
our satellite, before I purchase.

It is not necessary to prove the falsity of the phrenological
statement.  It is only necessary to show that its truth is not
proved, and cannot be, by the common course of argument.  The walls
of the head are double, with a great air-chamber between them, over
the smallest and most closely crowded "organs."  Can you tell how
much money there is in a safe, which also has thick double walls, by
kneading its knobs with your fingers?  So when a man fumbles about
my forehead, and talks about the organs of Individuality, Size,
etc., I trust him as much as I should if he felt of the outside of
my strong-box and told me that there was a five-dollar or a ten-
dollar-bill under this or that particular rivet.  Perhaps there is;
only he does n't know anything about at.  But this is a point that
I, the Professor, understand, my friends, or ought to, certainly,
better than you do.  The next argument you will all appreciate.

I proceed, therefore, to explain the self-adjusting mechanism of
Phrenology, which is very similar to that of the Pseudo-sciences.
An example will show it most conveniently.

A. is a notorious thief.  Messrs. Bumpus and Crane examine him and
find a good-sized organ of Acquisitiveness.  Positive fact for
Phrenology.  Casts and drawings of A. are multiplied, and the bump
does not lose in the act of copying.--I did not say it gained.--
What do you look so for?  (to the boarders.)

Presently B. turns up, a bigger thief than A.  But B. has no bump at
all over Acquisitiveness.  Negative fact; goes against Phrenology.
--Not a bit of it.  Don't you see how small Conscientiousness is?
That's the reason B. stole.

And then comes C., ten times as much a thief as either A. or B.,--
used to steal before he was weaned, and would pick one of his own
pockets and put its contents in another, if he could find no other
way of committing petty larceny.  Unfortunately, C.  has a hollow,
instead of a bump, over Acquisitiveness.  Ah, but just look and see
what a bump of Alimentiveness!  Did not C. buy nuts and gingerbread,
when a boy, with the money he stole?  Of course you see why he is a
thief, and how his example confirms our noble science.

At last comes along a case which is apparently a settler, for there
is a little brain with vast and varied powers,--a case like that of
Byron, for instance.  Then comes out the grand reserve-reason which
covers everything and renders it simply impossible ever to corner a
Phrenologist.  "It is not the size alone, but the quality of an
organ, which determines its degree of power."

Oh! oh!  I see.--The argument may be briefly stated thus by the
Phrenologist: "Heads I win, tails you lose."  Well, that's
convenient.

It must be confessed that Phrenology has a certain resemblance to
the Pseudo-sciences.  I did not say it was a Pseudo-science.

I have often met persons who have been altogether struck up and
amazed at the accuracy with which some wandering Professor of
Phrenology had read their characters written upon their skulls.  Of
course the Professor acquires his information solely through his
cranial inspections and manipulations.--What are you laughing at?
(to the boarders.)--But let us just suppose, for a moment, that a
tolerably cunning fellow, who did not know or care anything about
Phrenology, should open a shop and undertake to read off people's
characters at fifty cents or a dollar apiece.  Let us see how well
he could get along without the "organs."

I will suppose myself to set up such a shop.  I would invest one
hundred dollars, more or less, in casts of brains, skulls, charts,
and other matters that would make the most show for the money.  That
would do to begin with.  I would then advertise myself as the
celebrated Professor Brainey, or whatever name I might choose, and
wait for my first customer.  My first customer is a middle-aged man.
I look at him,--ask him a question or two, so as to hear him talk.
When I have got the hang of him, I ask him to sit down, and proceed
to fumble his skull, dictating as follows:
SCALE FROM 1 TO 10.

LIST OF FACULTIES FOR           PRIVATE NOTES FOR MY PUPIL.
      CUSTOMER.
                             Each to be accompanied with a wink.

Amativeness, 7.        Most men love the conflicting sex, and all
                    men love to be told they do.

Alimentiveness, 8.     Don't you see that he has burst off his
                 lowest waistcoat-button with feeding,--hey

Acquisitiveness, 8.    Of course.  A middle-aged Yankee.

Approbativeness 7+.    Hat well brushed.  Hair ditto.  Mark the
                       effect of that plus sign.

Self-Esteem 6.         His face shows that.

Benevolence 9.         That'll please him.

Conscientiousness 8 1/2  That fraction looks first-rate.

Mirthfulness 7         Has laughed twice since he came in.

Ideality 9             That sounds well.

Form, Size, Weight,    4 to 6.  Average everything that
Color, Locality,       cannot be guessed.
Eventuality, etc. etc.


                And so of the other faculties.


Of course, you know, that isn't the way the Phrenologists do.  They
go only by the bumps.--What do you keep laughing so for?  (to the
boarders.) I only said that is the way I should practise
"Phrenology" for a living.

                    End of my Lecture.


--The Reformers have good heads, generally.  Their faces are
commonly serene enough, and they are lambs in private intercourse,
even though their voices may be like

         The wolf's long howl from Oonalaska's shore,

when heard from the platform.  Their greatest spiritual danger is
from the perpetual flattery of abuse to which they are exposed.
These lines are meant to caution them.


     SAINT ANTHONY THE REFORMER.

          HIS TEMPTATION.

No fear lest praise should make us proud!
We know how cheaply that is won;
The idle homage of the crowd
Is proof of tasks as idly done.

A surface-smile may pay the toil
That follows still the conquering Right,
With soft, white hands to dress the spoil
That sunbrowned valor clutched in fight.

Sing the sweet song of other days,
Serenely placid, safely true,
And o'er the present's parching ways
Thy verse distils like evening dew.

But speak in words of living power,--
They fall like drops of scalding rain
That plashed before the burning shower
Swept o'er the cities of the plain!

Then scowling Hate turns deadly pale,--
Then Passion's half-coiled adders spring,
And, smitten through their leprous mail,
Strike right and left in hope to sting.

If thou, unmoved by poisoning wrath,
Thy feet on earth, thy heart above,
Canst walk in peace thy kingly path,
Unchanged in trust, unchilled in love,--

Too kind for bitter words to grieve,
Too firm for clamor to dismay,
When Faith forbids thee to believe,
And Meekness calls to disobey,--

Ah, then beware of mortal pride!
The smiling pride that calmly scorns
Those foolish fingers, crimson dyed
In laboring on thy crown of thorns!




IX

One of our boarders--perhaps more than one was concerned in it--sent
in some questions to me, the other day, which, trivial as some of
them are, I felt bound to answer.

1.--Whether a lady was ever known to write a letter covering only a
single page?

To this I answered, that there was a case on record where a lady had
but half a sheet of paper and no envelope; and being obliged to send
through the post-office, she covered only one side of the paper
(crosswise, lengthwise, and diagonally).

2.--What constitutes a man a gentleman?

To this I gave several answers, adapted to particular classes of
questioners.

a.  Not trying to be a gentleman.

b.  Self-respect underlying courtesy.

c.  Knowledge and observance of the fitness of things in social
intercourse.

d.  f. s. d.  (as many suppose.)

3.--Whether face or figure is most attractive in the female sex?

Answered in the following epigram, by a young man about town:

     Quoth Tom, "Though fair her features be,
     It is her figure pleases me."
     "What may her figure be?" I cried.
     "One hundred thousand!" he replied.

When this was read to the boarders, the young man John said he
should like a chance to "step up" to a figger of that kind, if the
girl was one of the right sort.

The landlady said them that merried for money didn't deserve the
blessin' of a good wife.  Money was a great thing when them that had
it made a good use of it.  She had seen better days herself, and
knew what it was never to want for anything.  One of her cousins
merried a very rich old gentleman, and she had heerd that he said he
lived ten year longer than if he'd staid by himself without anybody
to take care of him.  There was nothin' like a wife for nussin' sick
folks and them that couldn't take care of themselves.

The young man John got off a little wink, and pointed slyly with his
thumb in the direction of our diminutive friend, for whom he seemed
to think this speech was intended.

If it was meant for him, he did n't appear to know that it was.
Indeed, he seems somewhat listless of late, except when the
conversation falls upon one of those larger topics that specially
interest him, and then he grows excited, speaks loud and fast,
sometimes almost savagely,--and, I have noticed once or twice,
presses his left hand to his right side, as if there were something
that ached, or weighed, or throbbed in that region.

While he speaks in this way, the general conversation is
interrupted, and we all listen to him.  Iris looks steadily in his
face, and then he will turn as if magnetized and meet the amber eyes
with his own melancholy gaze.  I do believe that they have some kind
of understanding together, that they meet elsewhere than at our
table, and that there is a mystery, which is going to break upon us
all of a sudden, involving the relations of these two persons.  From
the very first, they have taken to each other.  The one thing they
have in common is the heroic will.  In him, it shows itself in
thinking his way straightforward, in doing battle for "free trade
and no right of search" on the high seas of religious controversy,
and especially in fighting the battles of his crooked old city.  In
her, it is standing up for her little friend with the most queenly
disregard of the code of boarding-house etiquette.  People may say
or look what they like,--she will have her way about this sentiment
of hers.

The Poor Relation is in a dreadful fidget whenever the Little
Gentleman says anything that interferes with her own infallibility.
She seems to think Faith must go with her face tied up, as if she
had the toothache,--and that if she opens her mouth to the quarter
the wind blows from, she will catch her "death o' cold."

The landlady herself came to him one day, as I have found out, and
tried to persuade him to hold his tongue.--The boarders was gettin'
uneasy,--she said,--and some of 'em would go, she mistrusted, if he
talked any more about things that belonged to the ministers to
settle.  She was a poor woman, that had known better days, but all
her livin' depended on her boarders, and she was sure there was n't
any of 'em she set so much by as she did by him; but there was them
that never liked to hear about sech things, except on Sundays.

The Little Gentleman looked very smiling at the landlady, who smiled
even more cordially in return, and adjusted her cap-ribbon with an
unconscious movement,--a reminiscence of the long-past pairing-time,
when she had smoothed her locks and softened her voice, and won her
mate by these and other bird-like graces.--My dear Madam,--he
said,--I will remember your interests, and speak only of matters to
which I am totally indifferent.--I don't doubt he meant this; but a
day or two after, something stirred him up, and I heard his voice
uttering itself aloud, thus:

-It must be done, Sir!--he was saying,--it must be done!  Our
religion has been Judaized, it has been Romanized, it has been
Orientalized, it has been Anglicized, and the time is at hand when
it must be AMERICANIZED!  Now, Sir, you see what Americanizing is in
politics;--it means that a man shall have a vote because he is a
man,--and shall vote for whom he pleases, without his neighbor's
interference.  If he chooses to vote for the Devil, that is his
lookout;--perhaps he thinks the Devil is better than the other
candidates; and I don't doubt he's often right, Sir.  Just so a
man's soul has a vote in the spiritual community; and it doesn't do,
Sir, or it won't do long, to call him "schismatic" and "heretic" and
those other wicked names that the old murderous Inquisitors have
left us to help along "peace and goodwill to men"!

As long as you could catch a man and drop him into an oubliette, or
pull him out a few inches longer by machinery, or put a hot iron
through his tongue, or make him climb up a ladder and sit on a board
at the top of a stake so that he should be slowly broiled by the
fire kindled round it, there was some sense in these words; they led
to something.  But since we have done with those tools, we had
better give up those words.  I should like to see a Yankee
advertisement like this!--(the Little Gentleman laughed fiercely as
he uttered the words,--)

--Patent thumb-screws,--will crush the bone in three turns.

--The cast-iron boot, with wedge and mallet, only five dollars!

--The celebrated extension-rack, warranted to stretch a man six
inches in twenty minutes,--money returned, if it proves
unsatisfactory.

I should like to see such an advertisement, I say, Sir!  Now, what's
the use of using the words that belonged with the thumb-screws, and
the Blessed Virgin with the knives under her petticoats and sleeves
and bodice, and the dry pan and gradual fire, if we can't have the
things themselves, Sir?  What's the use of painting the fire round a
poor fellow, when you think it won't do to kindle one under him,--as
they did at Valencia or Valladolid, or wherever it was?

--What story is that?--I said.

Why,--he answered,--at the last auto-da-fe, in 1824 or '5, or
somewhere there,--it's a traveller's story, but a mighty knowing
traveller he is,--they had a "heretic" to use up according to the
statutes provided for the crime of private opinion.  They could n't
quite make up their minds to burn him, so they only hung him in a
hogshead painted all over with flames!

No, Sir!  when a man calls you names because you go to the ballot-
box and vote for your candidate, or because you say this or that is
your opinion, he forgets in which half of the world he was born,
Sir!  It won't be long, Sir, before we have Americanized religion as
we have Americanized government; and then, Sir, every soul God sends
into the world will be good in the face of all men for just so much
of His "inspiration" as "giveth him understanding"!--None of my
words, Sir!  none of my words!

--If Iris does not love this Little Gentleman, what does love look
like when one sees it?  She follows him with her eyes, she leans
over toward him when he speaks, her face changes with the changes of
his speech, so that one might think it was with her as with
Christabel,--

          That all her features were resigned
          To this sole image in her mind.

But she never looks at him with such intensity of devotion as when
he says anything about the soul and the soul's atmosphere, religion.

Women are twice as religious as men;--all the world knows that.
Whether they are any better, in the eyes of Absolute Justice, might
be questioned; for the additional religious element supplied by sex
hardly seems to be a matter of praise or blame.  But in all common
aspects they are so much above us that we get most of our religion
from them,--from their teachings, from their example,--above all,
from their pure affections.

Now this poor little Iris had been talked to strangely in her
childhood.  Especially she had been told that she hated all good
things,--which every sensible parent knows well enough is not true
of a great many children, to say the least.  I have sometimes
questioned whether many libels on human nature had not been a
natural consequence of the celibacy of the clergy, which was
enforced for so long a period.

The child had met this and some other equally encouraging statements
as to her spiritual conditions, early in life, and fought the battle
of spiritual independence prematurely, as many children do.  If all
she did was hateful to God, what was the meaning of the approving or
else the disapproving conscience, when she had done "right" or
"wrong"?  No "shoulder-striker" hits out straighter than a child
with its logic.  Why, I can remember lying in my bed in the nursery
and settling questions which all that I have heard since and got out
of books has never been able to raise again.  If a child does not
assert itself in this way in good season, it becomes just what its
parents or teachers were, and is no better than a plastic image.--
How old was I at the time?--I suppose about 5823 years old,--that
is, counting from Archbishop Usher's date of the Creation, and
adding the life of the race, whose accumulated intelligence is a
part of my inheritance, to my own.  A good deal older than Plato,
you see, and much more experienced than my Lord Bacon and most of
the world's teachers.--Old books, as you well know, are books of
the world's youth, and new books are fruits of its age.  How many of
all these ancient folios round me are like so many old cupels!  The
gold has passed out of them long ago, but their pores are full of
the dross with which it was mingled.

And so Iris--having thrown off that first lasso which not only
fetters, but chokes those whom it can hold, so that they give
themselves up trembling and breathless to the great soul-subduer,
who has them by the windpipe had settled a brief creed for herself,
in which love of the neighbor, whom we have seen, was the first
article, and love of the Creator, whom we have not seen, grew out of
this as its natural development, being necessarily second in order
of time to the first unselfish emotions which we feel for the
fellow-creatures who surround us in our early years.

The child must have some place of worship.  What would a young girl
be who never mingled her voice with the songs and prayers that rose
all around her with every returning day of rest?  And Iris was free
to choose.  Sometimes one and sometimes another would offer to carry
her to this or that place of worship; and when the doors were
hospitably opened, she would often go meekly in by herself.  It was
a curious fact, that two churches as remote from each other in
doctrine as could well be divided her affections.

The Church of Saint Polycarp had very much the look of a Roman
Catholic chapel.  I do not wish to run the risk of giving names to
the ecclesiastical furniture which gave it such a Romish aspect; but
there were pictures, and inscriptions in antiquated characters, and
there were reading-stands, and flowers on the altar, and other
elegant arrangements.  Then there were boys to sing alternately in
choirs responsive to each other, and there was much bowing, with
very loud responding, and a long service and a short sermon, and a
bag, such as Judas used to hold in the old pictures, was carried
round to receive contributions.  Everything was done not only
"decently and in order," but, perhaps one might say, with a certain
air of magnifying their office on the part of the dignified
clergymen, often two or three in number.  The music and the free
welcome were grateful to Iris, and she forgot her prejudices at the
door of the chapel.  For this was a church with open doors, with
seats for all classes and all colors alike,--a church of zealous
worshippers after their faith, of charitable and serviceable men and
women, one that took care of its children and never forgot its poor,
and whose people were much more occupied in looking out for their
own souls than in attacking the faith of their neighbors.  In its
mode of worship there was a union of two qualities,--the taste and
refinement, which the educated require just as much in their
churches as elsewhere, and the air of stateliness, almost of pomp,
which impresses the common worshipper, and is often not without its
effect upon those who think they hold outward forms as of little
value.  Under the half-Romish aspect of the Church of Saint
Polycarp, the young girl found a devout and loving and singularly
cheerful religious spirit.  The artistic sense, which betrayed
itself in the dramatic proprieties of its ritual, harmonized with
her taste.  The mingled murmur of the loud responses, in those
rhythmic phrases, so simple, yet so fervent, almost as if every
tenth heart-beat, instead of its dull tic-tac, articulated itself as
"Good Lord, deliver us!  "--the sweet alternation of the two choirs,
as their holy song floated from side to side, the keen young voices
rising like a flight of singing-birds that passes from one grove to
another, carrying its music with it back and forward,--why should
she not love these gracious outward signs of those inner harmonies
which none could deny made beautiful the lives of many of her
fellow-worshippers in the humble, yet not inelegant Chapel of Saint
Polycarp?

The young Marylander, who was born and bred to that mode of worship,
had introduced her to the chapel, for which he did the honors for
such of our boarders as were not otherwise provided for.  I saw them
looking over the same prayer-book one Sunday, and I could not help
thinking that two such young and handsome persons could hardly
worship together in safety for a great while.  But they seemed to
mind nothing but their prayer-book.  By-and-by the silken bag was
handed round.--I don't believe she will; so awkward, you know;-
besides, she only came by invitation.  There she is, with her hand
in her pocket, though,--and sure enough, her little bit of silver
tinkled as it struck the coin beneath.  God bless her! she has n't
much to give; but her eye glistens when she gives it, and that is
all Heaven asks.--That was the first time I noticed these young
people together, and I am sure they behaved with the most charming
propriety,--in fact, there was one of our silent lady-boarders with
them, whose eyes would have kept Cupid and Psyche to their good
behavior.  A day or two after this I noticed that the young
gentleman had left his seat, which you may remember was at the
corner diagonal to that of Iris, so that they have been as far
removed from each other as they could be at the table.  His new seat
is three or four places farther down the table.  Of course I made a
romance out of this, at once.  So stupid not to see it!  How could
it be otherwise?--Did you speak, Madam?  I beg your pardon.  (To my
lady-reader.)

I never saw anything like the tenderness with which this young girl
treats her little deformed neighbor.  If he were in the way of going
to church, I know she would follow him.  But his worship, if any, is
not with the throng of men and women and staring children.

I, the Professor, on the other hand, am a regular church-goer.  I
should go for various reasons if I did not love it; but I am happy
enough to find great pleasure in the midst of devout multitudes,
whether I can accept all their creeds or not.  One place of worship
comes nearer than the rest to my ideal standard, and to this it was
that I carried our young girl.

The Church of the Galileans, as it is called, is even humbler in
outside pretensions than the Church of Saint Polycarp.  Like that,
it is open to all comers.  The stranger who approaches it looks down
a quiet street and sees the plainest of chapels,--a kind of wooden
tent, that owes whatever grace it has to its pointed windows and the
high, sharp roofs--traces, both, of that upward movement of
ecclesiastical architecture which soared aloft in cathedral-spires,
shooting into the sky as the spike of a flowering aloe from the
cluster of broad, sharp-wedged leaves below.  This suggestion of
medieval symbolism, aided by a minute turret in which a hand-bell
might have hung and found just room enough to turn over, was all of
outward show the small edifice could boast.  Within there was very
little that pretended to be attractive.  A small organ at one side,
and a plain pulpit, showed that the building was a church; but it
was a church reduced to its simplest expression:

Yet when the great and wise monarch of the East sat upon his throne,
in all the golden blaze of the spoils of Ophir and the freights of
the navy of Tarshish, his glory was not like that of this simple
chapel in its Sunday garniture.  For the lilies of the field, in
their season, and the fairest flowers of the year, in due
succession, were clustered every Sunday morning over the preacher's
desk.  Slight, thin-tissued blossoms of pink and blue and virgin
white in early spring, then the full-breasted and deep-hearted roses
of summer, then the velvet-robed crimson and yellow flowers of
autumn, and in the winter delicate exotics that grew under skies of
glass in the false summers of our crystal palaces without knowing
that it was the dreadful winter of New England which was rattling
the doors and frosting the panes,--in their language the whole year
told its history of life and growth and beauty from that simple
desk.  There was always at least one good sermon,--this floral
homily.  There was at least one good prayer,--that brief space when
all were silent, after the manner of the Friends at their devotions.

Here, too, Iris found an atmosphere of peace and love.  The same
gentle, thoughtful faces, the same cheerful but reverential spirit,
the same quiet, the same life of active benevolence.  But in all
else how different from the Church of Saint Polycarp!  No clerical
costume, no ceremonial forms, no carefully trained choirs.  A
liturgy they have, to be sure, which does not scruple to borrow from
the time-honored manuals of devotion, but also does not hesitate to
change its expressions to its own liking.

Perhaps the good people seem a little easy with each other;--they
are apt to nod familiarly, and have even been known to whisper
before the minister came in.  But it is a relief to get rid of that
old Sunday--no,--Sabbath face, which suggests the idea that the
first day of the week is commemorative of some most mournful event.
The truth is, these brethren and sisters meet very much as a family
does for its devotions, not putting off their humanity in the least,
considering it on the whole quite a delightful matter to come
together for prayer and song and good counsel from kind and wise
lips.  And if they are freer in their demeanor than some very
precise congregations, they have not the air of a worldly set of
people.  Clearly they have not come to advertise their tailors and
milliners, nor for the sake of exchanging  criticisms on the
literary character of the sermon they  may hear.  There is no
restlessness and no restraint  among these quiet, cheerful
worshippers.  One thing  that keeps them calm and happy during the
season so evidently trying to many congregations is, that they join
very generally in the singing.  In this way they  get rid of that
accumulated nervous force which escapes in all sorts of fidgety
movements, so that a minister trying to keep his congregation still
reminds one of a boy with his hand over the nose of a pump which
another boy is working,--this spirting impatience of the people is
so like the jets that find their way through his fingers, and the
grand rush out at the final Amen! has such a wonderful likeness to
the gush that takes place when the boy pulls his hand away, with
immense relief, as it seems, to both the pump and the officiating
youngster.

How sweet is this blending of all voices and all hearts in one
common song of praise!  Some will sing a little loud, perhaps,--and
now and then an impatient chorister will get a syllable or two in
advance, or an enchanted singer so lose all thought of time and
place in the luxury of a closing cadence that he holds on to the
last semi-breve upon his private responsibility; but how much more
of the spirit of the old Psalmist in the music of these imperfectly
trained voices than in the academic niceties of the paid performers
who take our musical worship out of our hands!

I am of the opinion that the creed of the Church of the Galileans is
not laid down in as many details as that of the Church of Saint
Polycarp.  Yet I suspect, if one of the good people from each of
those churches had met over the bed of a suffering fellow-creature,
or for the promotion of any charitable object, they would have found
they had more in common than all the special beliefs or want of
beliefs that separated them would amount to.  There are always many
who believe that the fruits of a tree afford a better test of its
condition than a statement of the composts with which it is dressed,
though the last has its meaning and importance, no doubt.

Between these two churches, then, our young Iris divides her
affections.  But I doubt if she listens to the preacher at either
with more devotion than she does to her little neighbor when he
talks of these matters.

What does he believe?  In the first place, there is some deep-rooted
disquiet lying at the bottom of his soul, which makes him very
bitter against all kinds of usurpation over the right of private
judgment.  Over this seems to lie a certain tenderness for humanity
in general, bred out of life-long trial, I should say, but sharply
streaked with fiery lines of wrath at various individual acts of
wrong, especially if they come in an ecclesiastical shape, and
recall to him the days when his mother's great-grandmother was
strangled on Witch Hill, with a text from the Old Testament for her
halter.  With all this, he has a boundless belief in the future of
this experimental hemisphere, and especially in the destiny of the
free thought of its northeastern metropolis.

--A man can see further, Sir,--he said one day,--from the top of
Boston State House, and see more that is worth seeing, than from all
the pyramids and turrets and steeples in all the places in the
world!  No smoke, Sir; no fog, Sir; and a clean sweep from the Outer
Light and the sea beyond it to the New Hampshire mountains!  Yes,
Sir,--and there are great truths that are higher than mountains and
broader than seas, that people are looking for from the tops of
these hills of ours;--such as the world never saw, though it might
have seen them at Jerusalem, if its eyes had been open!--Where do
they have most crazy people?  Tell me that, Sir!

I answered, that I had heard it said there were more in New England
than in most countries, perhaps more than in any part of the world.

Very good, Sir,--he answered.--When have there been most people
killed and wounded in the course of this century?

During the wars of the French Empire, no doubt,--I said.

That's it! that's it!--said the Little Gentleman;--where the battle
of intelligence is fought, there are most minds bruised and broken!
We're battling for a faith here, Sir.

The divinity-student remarked, that it was rather late in the
world's history for men to be looking out for a new faith.

I did n't say a new faith,--said the Little Gentleman;--old or new,
it can't help being different here in this American mind of ours
from anything that ever was before; the people are new, Sir, and
that makes the difference.  One load of corn goes to the sty, and
makes the fat of swine,--another goes to the farm-house, and becomes
the muscle that clothes the right arms of heroes.  It is n't where a
pawn stands on the board that makes the difference, but what the
game round it is when it is on this or that square.

Can any man look round and see what Christian countries are now
doing, and how they are governed, and what is the general condition
of society, without seeing that Christianity is the flag under which
the world sails, and not the rudder that steers its course?  No,
Sir!  There was a great raft built about two thousand years ago,--
call it an ark, rather,--the world's great ark! big enough to hold
all mankind, and made to be launched right out into the open waves
of life,--and here it has been lying, one end on the shore and one
end bobbing up and down in the water, men fighting all the time as
to who should be captain and who should have the state-rooms, and
throwing each other over the side because they could not agree about
the points of compass, but the great vessel never getting afloat
with its freight of nations and their rulers;--and now, Sir, there
is and has been for this long time a fleet of "heretic" lighters
sailing out of Boston Bay, and they have been saying, and they say
now, and they mean to keep saying, "Pump out your bilge-water,
shovel over your loads of idle ballast, get out your old rotten
cargo, and we will carry it out into deep waters and sink it where
it will never be seen again; so shall the ark of the world's hope
float on the ocean, instead of sticking in the dock-mud where it is
lying!"

It's a slow business, this of getting the ark launched.  The Jordan
was n't deep enough, and the Tiber was n't deep enough, and the
Rhone was n't deep enough, and the Thames was n't deep enough, and
perhaps the Charles is n't deep enough; but I don't feel sure of
that, Sir, and I love to hear the workmen knocking at the old blocks
of tradition and making the ways smooth with the oil of the Good
Samaritan.  I don't know, Sir,--but I do think she stirs a little,--
I do believe she slides;--and when I think of what a work that is
for the dear old three-breasted mother of American liberty, I would
not take all the glory of all the greatest cities in the world for
my birthright in the soil of little Boston!

--Some of us could not help smiling at this burst of local
patriotism, especially when it finished with the last two words.

And Iris smiled, too.  But it was the radiant smile of pleasure
which always lights up her face when her little neighbor gets
excited on the great topics of progress in freedom and religion, and
especially on the part which, as he pleases himself with believing,
his own city is to take in that consummation of human development to
which he looks forward.

Presently she looked into his face with a changed expression,--the
anxiety of a mother that sees her child suffering.

You are not well,--she said.

I am never well,--he answered.--His eyes fell mechanically on the
death's-head ring he wore on his right hand.  She took his hand as
if it had been a baby's, and turned the grim device so that it
should be out of sight.  One slight, sad, slow movement of the head
seemed to say, "The death-symbol is still there!"

A very odd personage, to be sure!  Seems to know what is going on,--
reads books, old and new,--has many recent publications sent him,
they tell me, but, what is more curious, keeps up with the everyday
affairs of the world, too.  Whether he hears everything that is said
with preternatural acuteness, or whether some confidential friend
visits him in a quiet way, is more than I can tell.  I can make
nothing more of the noises I hear in his room than my old
conjectures.  The movements I mention are less frequent, but I often
hear the plaintive cry,--I observe that it is rarely laughing of
late;--I never have detected one articulate word, but I never heard
such tones from anything but a human voice.

There has been, of late, a deference approaching to tenderness, on
the part of the boarders generally so far as he is concerned.  This
is doubtless owing to the air of suffering which seems to have
saddened his look of late.  Either some passion is gnawing at him
inwardly, or some hidden disease is at work upon him.

--What 's the matter with Little Boston?--said the young man John to
me one day.--There a'n't much of him, anyhow; but 't seems to me he
looks peakeder than ever.  The old woman says he's in a bad way, 'n'
wants a puss to take care of him.  Them pusses that take care of old
rich folks marry 'em sometimes,--'n' they don't commonly live a
great while after that.  No, Sir!  I don't see what he wants to die
for, after he's taken so much trouble to live in such poor
accommodations as that crooked body of his.  I should like to know
how his soul crawled into it, 'n' how it's goin' to get out.  What
business has he to die, I should like to know?  Let Ma'am Allen (the
gentleman with the diamond) die, if he likes, and be (this is a
family-magazine); but we a'n't goin' to have him dyin'.  Not by a
great sight.  Can't do without him anyhow.  A'n't it fun to hear him
blow off his steam?

I believe the young fellow would take it as a personal insult, if
the Little Gentleman should show any symptoms of quitting our table
for a better world.

--In the mean time, what with going to church in company with our
young lady, and taking every chance I could get to talk with her, I
have found myself becoming, I will not say intimate, but well
acquainted with Miss Iris.  There is a certain frankness and
directness about her that perhaps belong to her artist nature.  For,
you see, the one thing that marks the true artist is a clear
perception and a firm, bold hand, in distinction from that imperfect
mental vision and uncertain touch which give us the feeble pictures
and the lumpy statues of the mere artisans on canvas or in stone.  A
true artist, therefore, can hardly fail to have a sharp, well-
defined mental physiognomy.  Besides this, many young girls have a
strange audacity blended with their instinctive delicacy.  Even in
physical daring many of them are a match for boys; whereas you will
find few among mature women, and especially if they are mothers, who
do not confess, and not unfrequently proclaim, their timidity.  One
of these young girls, as many of us hereabouts remember, climbed to
the top of a jagged, slippery rock lying out in the waves,--an ugly
height to get up, and a worse one to get down, even for a bold young
fellow of sixteen.  Another was in the way of climbing tall trees
for crows' nests,--and crows generally know about how far boys can
"shin up," and set their household establishments above that high-
water mark.  Still another of these young ladies I saw for the first
time in an open boat, tossing on the ocean ground-swell, a mile or
two from shore, off a lonely island.  She lost all her daring, after
she had some girls of her own to look out for.

Many blondes are very gentle, yielding in character, impressible,
unelastic.  But the positive blondes, with the golden tint running
through them, are often full of character.  They come, probably
enough, from those deep-bosomed German women that Tacitus portrayed
in such strong colors.  The negative blondes, or those women whose
tints have faded out as their line of descent has become
impoverished, are of various blood, and in them the soul has often
become pale with that blanching of the hair and loss of color in the
eyes which makes them approach the character of Albinesses.

I see in this young girl that union of strength and sensibility
which, when directed and impelled by the strong instinct so apt to
accompany this combination of active and passive capacity, we call
genius.  She is not an accomplished artist, certainly, as yet; but
there is always an air in every careless figure she draws, as it
were of upward aspiration,--the elan of John of Bologna's Mercury,--
a lift to them, as if they had on winged sandals, like the herald of
the Gods.  I hear her singing sometimes; and though she evidently is
not trained, yet is there a wild sweetness in her fitful and
sometimes fantastic melodies,--such as can come only from the
inspiration of the moment,--strangely enough, reminding me of those
long passages I have heard from my little neighbor's room, yet of
different tone, and by no means to be mistaken for those weird
harmonies.

I cannot pretend to deny that I am interested in the girl.  Alone,
unprotected, as I have seen so many young girls left in boarding-
houses, the centre of all the men's eyes that surround the table,
watched with jealous sharpness by every woman, most of all by that
poor relation of our landlady, who belongs to the class of women
that like to catch others in mischief when they themselves are too
mature for indiscretions, (as one sees old rogues turn to thief-
catchers,) one of Nature's gendarmerie, clad in a complete suit of
wrinkles, the cheapest coat-of-mail against the shafts of the great
little enemy,--so surrounded, Iris spans this commonplace household-
life of ours with her arch of beauty, as the rainbow, whose name she
borrows, looks down on a dreary pasture with its feeding flocks and
herds of indifferent animals.

These young girls that live in boarding-houses can do pretty much as
they will.  The female gendarmes are off guard occasionally.  The
sitting-room has its solitary moments, when any two boarders who
wish to meet may come together accidentally, (accidentally, I said,
Madam, and I had not the slightest intention of Italicizing the
word,) and discuss the social or political questions of the day, or
any other subject that may prove interesting.  Many charming
conversations take place at the foot of the stairs, or while one of
the parties is holding the latch of a door,--in the shadow of
porticoes, and especially on those outside balconies which some of
our Southern neighbors call "stoops," the most charming places in
the world when the moon is just right and the roses and honeysuckles
are in full blow,--as we used to think in eighteen hundred and never
mention it.

On such a balcony or "stoop," one evening, I walked with Iris.  We
were on pretty good terms now, and I had coaxed her arm under mine,-
-my left arm, of course.  That leaves one's right arm free to defend
the lovely creature, if the rival--odious wretch! attempt, to ravish
her from your side.  Likewise if one's heart should happen to beat a
little, its mute language will not be without its meaning, as you
will perceive when the arm you hold begins to tremble, a
circumstance like to occur, if you happen to be a good-looking young
fellow, and you two have the "stoop" to yourselves.

We had it to ourselves that evening.  The Koh-inoor, as we called
him, was in a corner with our landlady's daughter.  The young fellow
John was smoking out in the yard.  The gendarme was afraid of the
evening air, and kept inside, The young Marylander came to the door,
looked out and saw us walking together, gave his hat a pull over his
forehead and stalked off.  I felt a slight spasm, as it were, in the
arm I held, and saw the girl's head turn over her shoulder for a
second.  What a kind creature this is!  She has no special interest
in this youth, but she does not like to see a young fellow going off
because he feels as if he were not wanted.

She had her locked drawing-book under her arm.--Let me take it,--I
said.

She gave it to me to carry.

This is full of caricatures of all of us, I am sure,--said I.

She laughed, and said,--No,--not all of you.

I was there, of course?

Why, no,--she had never taken so much pains with me.

Then she would let me see the inside of it?

She would think of it.

Just as we parted, she took a little key from her pocket and handed
it to me.  This unlocks my naughty book,--she said,--you shall see
it.  I am not afraid of you.

I don't know whether the last words exactly pleased me.  At any
rate, I took the book and hurried with it to my room.  I opened it,
and saw, in a few glances, that I held the heart of Iris in my hand.

--I have no verses for you this month, except these few lines
suggested by the season.


          MIDSUMMER.

Here!  sweep these foolish leaves away,
I will not crush my brains to-day!
Look! are the southern curtains drawn?
Fetch me a fan, and so begone!

Not that,--the palm-tree's rustling leaf
Brought from a parching coral-reef!
Its breath is heated;--I would swing
The broad gray plumes,--the eagle's wing.

I hate these roses' feverish blood!
Pluck me a half-blown lily-bud,
A long-stemmed lily from the lake,
Cold as a coiling water-snake.

Rain me sweet odors on the air,
And wheel me up my Indian chair,
And spread some book not overwise
Flat out before my sleepy eyes.

--Who knows it not,--this dead recoil
Of weary fibres stretched with toil,
The pulse that flutters faint and low
When Summer's seething breezes blow?

O Nature!  bare thy loving breast
And give thy child one hour of rest,
One little hour to lie unseen
Beneath thy scarf of leafy green!

So, curtained by a singing pine,
Its murmuring voice shall blend with mine,
Till, lost in dreams, my faltering lay
In sweeter music dies away.




X

          IRIS, HER BOOK

I pray thee by the soul of her that bore thee,
By thine own sister's spirit I implore thee,
Deal gently with the leaves that lie before thee!

For Iris had no mother to infold her,
Nor ever leaned upon a sister's shoulder,
Telling the twilight thoughts that Nature told her.

She had not learned the mystery of awaking
Those chorded keys that soothe a sorrow's aching,
Giving the dumb heart voice, that else were breaking.

Yet lived, wrought, suffered.  Lo, the pictured token!
Why should her fleeting day-dreams fade unspoken,
Like daffodils that die with sheaths unbroken?

She knew not love, yet lived in maiden fancies,
Walked simply clad, a queen of high romances,
And talked strange tongues with angels in her trances.

Twin-souled she seemed, a twofold nature wearing,
Sometimes a flashing falcon in her daring,
Then a poor mateless dove that droops despairing.

Questioning all things: Why her Lord had sent her?
What were these torturing gifts, and wherefore lent her?
Scornful as spirit fallen, its own tormentor.

And then all tears and anguish: Queen of Heaven,
Sweet Saints, and Thou by mortal sorrows riven,
Save me!  oh, save me!  Shall I die forgiven?

And then--Ah, God!  But nay, it little matters
Look at the wasted seeds that autumn scatters,
The myriad germs that Nature shapes and shatters!

If she had--Well!  She longed, and knew not wherefore
Had the world nothing she might live to care for?
No second self to say her evening prayer for?

She knew the marble shapes that set men dreaming,
Yet with her shoulders bare and tresses streaming
Showed not unlovely to her simple seeming.

Vain?  Let it be so!  Nature was her teacher.
What if a lonely and unsistered creature
Loved her own harmless gift of pleasing feature,

Saying, unsaddened,--This shall soon be faded,
And double-hued the shining tresses braided,
And all the sunlight of the morning shaded?

--This her poor book is full of saddest follies,
Of tearful smiles and laughing melancholies,
With summer roses twined and wintry hollies.

In the strange crossing of uncertain chances,
Somewhere, beneath some maiden's tear-dimmed glances
May fall her little book of dreams and fancies.

Sweet sister!  Iris, who shall never name thee,
Trembling for fear her open heart may shame thee,
Speaks from this vision-haunted page to claim thee.

Spare her, I pray thee!  If the maid is sleeping,
Peace with her! she has had her hour of weeping.
No more!  She leaves her memory in thy keeping.


These verses were written in the first leaves of the locked volume.
As I turned the pages, I hesitated for a moment.  Is it quite fair
to take advantage of a generous, trusting impulse to read the
unsunned depths of a young girl's nature, which I can look through,
as the balloon-voyagers tell us they see from their hanging-baskets
through the translucent waters which the keenest eye of such as sail
over them in ships might strive to pierce in vain?  Why has the
child trusted me with such artless confessions,--self-revelations,
which might be whispered by trembling lips, under the veil of
twilight, in sacred confessionals, but which I cannot look at in the
light of day without a feeling of wronging a sacred confidence?

To all this the answer seemed plain enough after a little thought.
She did not know how fearfully she had disclosed herself; she was
too profoundly innocent.  Her soul was no more ashamed than the fair
shapes that walked in Eden without a thought of over-liberal
loveliness.  Having nobody to tell her story to,--having, as she
said in her verses, no musical instrument to laugh and cry with
her,--nothing, in short, but the language of pen and pencil,--all
the veinings of her nature were impressed on these pages as those of
a fresh leaf are transferred to the blank sheets which inclose it.
It was the same thing which I remember seeing beautifully shown in a
child of some four or five years we had one day at our boarding-
house.  The child was a deaf mute.  But its soul had the inner sense
that answers to hearing, and the shaping capacity which through
natural organs realizes itself in words.  Only it had to talk with
its face alone; and such speaking eyes, such rapid alternations of
feeling and shifting expressions of thought as flitted over its
face, I have never seen in any other human countenance.

I wonder if something of spiritual transparency is not typified in
the golden-blonde organization.  There are a great many little
creatures,--many small fishes, for instance,--which are literally
transparent, with the exception of some of the internal organs.  The
heart can be seen beating as if in a case of clouded crystal.  The
central nervous column with its sheath runs as a dark stripe through
the whole length of the diaphanous muscles of the body.  Other
little creatures are so darkened with pigment that we can see only
their surface.  Conspirators and poisoners are painted with black,
beady-eyes and swarthy hue; Judas, in Leonardo's picture, is the
model of them all.

However this may be, I should say there never had been a book like
this of Iris,--so full of the heart's silent language, so
transparent that the heart itself could be seen beating through it.
I should say there never could have been such a book, but for one
recollection, which is not peculiar to myself, but is shared by a
certain number of my former townsmen.  If you think I over-color
this matter of the young girl's book, hear this, which there are
others, as I just said, besides myself, will tell you is strictly
true.


THE BOOK OF THE THREE MAIDEN SISTERS.

In the town called Cantabridge, now a city, water-veined and gas
windpiped, in the street running down to the Bridge, beyond which
dwelt Sally, told of in a book of a friend of mine, was of old a
house inhabited by three maidens.  They left no near kinsfolk, I
believe; whether they did or not, I have no ill to speak of them;
for they lived and died in all good report and maidenly credit.  The
house they lived in was of the small, gambrel-roofed cottage
pattern, after the shape of Esquires' houses, but after the size of
the dwellings of handicraftsmen.  The lower story was fitted up as a
shop.  Specially was it provided with one of those half-doors now so
rarely met with, which are to whole doors as spencers worn by old
folk are to coats.  They speak of limited commerce united with a
social or observing disposition--on the part of the shopkeeper,--
allowing, as they do, talk with passers-by, yet keeping off such as
have not the excuse of business to cross the threshold.  On the
door-posts, at either side, above the half-door, hung certain
perennial articles of merchandise, of which my memory still has
hanging among its faded photographs a kind of netted scarf and some
pairs of thick woollen stockings.  More articles, but not very many,
were stored inside; and there was one drawer, containing children's
books, out of which I once was treated to a minute quarto ornamented
with handsome cuts.  This was the only purchase I ever knew to be
made at the shop kept by the three maiden ladies, though it is
probable there were others.  So long as I remember the shop, the
same scarf and, I should say, the same stockings hung on the door-
posts.--You think I am exaggerating again, and that shopkeepers
would not keep the same article exposed for years.  Come to me, the
Professor, and I will take you in five minutes to a shop in this
city where I will show you an article hanging now in the very place
where more than thirty years ago I myself inquired the price of it
of the present head of the establishment. [ This was a glass
alembic, which hung up in Daniel Henchman's apothecary shop, corner
of Cambridge and Chambers streets.]

The three maidens were of comely presence, and one of them had had
claims to be considered a Beauty.  When I saw them in the old
meeting-house on Sundays, as they rustled in through the aisles in
silks and satins, not gay, but more than decent, as I remember them,
I thought of My Lady Bountiful in the history of "Little King
Pippin," and of the Madam Blaize of Goldsmith (who, by the way, must
have taken the hint of it from a pleasant poem, "Monsieur de la
Palisse," attributed to De la Monnoye, in the collection of French
songs before me).  There was some story of an old romance in which
the Beauty had played her part.  Perhaps they all had had lovers;
for, as I said, they were shapely and seemly personages, as I
remember them; but their lives were out of the flower and in the
berry at the time of my first recollections.

One after another they all three dropped away, objects of kindly
attention to the good people round, leaving little or almost
nothing, and nobody to inherit it.  Not absolutely nothing, of
course.  There must have been a few old dresses--perhaps some bits
of furniture, a Bible, and the spectacles the good old souls read it
through, and little keepsakes, such as make us cry to look at, when
we find them in old drawers;--such relics there must have been.  But
there was more.  There was a manuscript of some hundred pages,
closely written, in which the poor things had chronicled for many
years the incidents of their daily life.  After their death it was
passed round somewhat freely, and fell into my hands.  How I have
cried and laughed and colored over it!  There was nothing in it to
be ashamed of, perhaps there was nothing in it to laugh at, but such
a picture of the mode of being of poor simple good old women I do
believe was never drawn before.  And there were all the smallest
incidents recorded, such as do really make up humble life, but which
die out of all mere literary memoirs, as the houses where the
Egyptians or the Athenians lived crumble and leave only their
temples standing.  I know, for instance, that on a given day of a
certain year, a kindly woman, herself a poor widow, now, I trust,
not without special mercies in heaven for her good deeds,--for I
read her name on a proper tablet in the churchyard a week ago,--sent
a fractional pudding from her own table to the Maiden Sisters, who,
I fear, from the warmth and detail of their description, were
fasting, or at least on short allowance, about that time.  I know
who sent them the segment of melon, which in her riotous fancy one
of them compared to those huge barges to which we give the
ungracious name of mudscows.  But why should I illustrate further
what it seems almost a breach of confidence to speak of?  Some kind
friend, who could challenge a nearer interest than the curious
strangers into whose hands the book might fall, at last claimed it,
and I was glad that it should be henceforth sealed to common eyes.
I learned from it that every good and, alas! every evil act we do
may slumber unforgotten even in some earthly record.  I got a new
lesson in that humanity which our sharp race finds it so hard to
learn.  The poor widow, fighting hard to feed and clothe and educate
her children, had not forgotten the poorer ancient maidens.
I remembered it the other day, as I stood by her place of rest, and
I felt sure that it was remembered elsewhere.  I know there are
prettier words than pudding, but I can't help it,--the pudding went
upon the record, I feel sure, with the mite which was cast into the
treasury by that other poor widow whose deed the world shall
remember forever, and with the coats and garments which the good
women cried over, when Tabitha, called by interpretation Dorcas, lay
dead in the upper chamber, with her charitable needlework strewed
around her.

--Such was the Book of the Maiden Sisters.  You will believe me more
readily now when I tell you that I found the soul of Iris in the one
that lay open before me.  Sometimes it was a poem that held it,
sometimes a drawing, angel, arabesque, caricature, or a mere
hieroglyphic symbol of which I could make nothing.  A rag of cloud
on one page, as I remember, with a streak of red zigzagging out of
it across the paper as naturally as a crack runs through a China
bowl.  On the next page a dead bird,--some little favorite, I
suppose; for it was worked out with a special love, and I saw on the
leaf that sign with which once or twice in my life I have had a
letter sealed,--a round spot where the paper is slightly corrugated,
and, if there is writing there, the letters are somewhat faint and
blurred.  Most of the pages were surrounded with emblematic
traceries.  It was strange to me at first to see how often she
introduced those homelier wild-flowers which we call weeds,--for it
seemed there was none of them too humble for her to love, and none
too little cared for by Nature to be without its beauty for her
artist eye and pencil.  By the side of the garden-flowers,--of
Spring's curled darlings, the hyacinths, of rosebuds, dear to
sketching maidens, of flower-de-luces and morning-glories, nay,
oftener than these, and more tenderly caressed by the colored brush
that rendered them,--were those common growths which fling
themselves to be crushed under our feet and our wheels, making
themselves so cheap in this perpetual martyrdom that we forget each
of them is a ray of the Divine beauty.

Yellow japanned buttercups and star-disked dandelions,--just as we
see them lying in the grass, like sparks that have leaped from the
kindling sun of summer; the profuse daisy-like flower which whitens
the fields, to the great disgust of liberal shepherds, yet seems
fair to loving eyes, with its button-like mound of gold set round
with milk-white rays; the tall-stemmed succory, setting its pale
blue flowers aflame, one after another, sparingly, as the lights are
kindled in the candelabra of decaying palaces where the heirs of
dethroned monarchs are dying out; the red and white clovers, the
broad, flat leaves of the plantain,--"the white man's foot," as the
Indians called it,--the wiry, jointed stems of that iron creeping
plant which we call "knot-grass," and which loves its life so dearly
that it is next to impossible to murder it with a hoe, as it clings
to the cracks of the pavement;--all these plants, and many more, she
wove into her fanciful garlands and borders.--On one of the pages
were some musical notes.  I touched them from curiosity on a piano
belonging to one of our boarders.  Strange!  There are passages that
I have heard before, plaintive, full of some hidden meaning, as if
they were gasping for words to interpret them.  She must have heard
the strains that have so excited my curiosity, coming from my
neighbor's chamber.  The illuminated border she had traced round the
page that held these notes took the place of the words they seemed
to be aching for.  Above, a long monotonous sweep of waves, leaden-
hued, anxious and jaded and sullen, if you can imagine such an
expression in water.  On one side an Alpine needle, as it were, of
black basalt, girdled with snow.  On the other a threaded waterfall.
The red morning-tint that shone in the drops had a strange look,--
one would say the cliff was bleeding;--perhaps she did not mean it.
Below, a stretch of sand, and a solitary bird of prey, with his
wings spread over some unseen object.--And on the very next page a
procession wound along, after the fashion of that on the title-page
of Fuller's "Holy War," in which I recognized without difficulty
every boarder at our table in all the glory of the most resplendent
caricature--three only excepted,--the Little Gentleman, myself, and
one other.

I confess I did expect to see something that would remind me of the
girl's little deformed neighbor, if not portraits of him.--There is
a left arm again, though;--no,--that is from the "Fighting
Gladiator," the "Jeune Heros combattant" of the Louvre;--there is the
broad ring of the shield.  From a cast, doubtless.  [The separate
casts of the "Gladiator's" arm look immense; but in its place the
limb looks light, almost slender,--such is the perfection of that
miraculous marble.  I never felt as if I touched the life of the old
Greeks until I looked on that statue.]--Here is something very odd,
to be sure.  An Eden of all the humped and crooked creatures!  What
could have been in her head when she worked out such a fantasy?  She
has contrived to give them all beauty or dignity or melancholy
grace.  A Bactrian camel lying under a palm.  A dromedary flashing
up the sands,--spray of the dry ocean sailed by the "ship of the
desert."  A herd of buffaloes, uncouth, shaggy-maned, heavy in the
forehand, light in the hind-quarter.  [The buffalo is the lion of
the ruminants.] And there is a Norman horse, with his huge, rough
collar, echoing, as it were, the natural form of the other beast.
And here are twisted serpents; and stately swans, with answering
curves in their bowed necks, as if they had snake's blood under
their white feathers; and grave, high-shouldered herons standing on
one foot like cripples, and looking at life round them with the cold
stare of monumental effigies.--A very odd page indeed!  Not a
creature in it without a curve or a twist, and not one of them a
mean figure to look at.  You can make your own comment; I am
fanciful, you know.  I believe she is trying to idealize what we
vulgarly call deformity, which she strives to look at in the light
of one of Nature's eccentric curves, belonging to her system of
beauty, as the hyperbola, and parabola belong to the conic sections,
though we cannot see them as symmetrical and entire figures, like
the circle and ellipse.  At any rate, I cannot help referring this
paradise of twisted spines to some idea floating in her head
connected with her friend whom Nature has warped in the moulding.
--That is nothing to another transcendental fancy of mine.  I
believe her soul thinks itself in his little crooked body at times,
--if it does not really get freed or half freed from her own.  Did
you ever see a case of catalepsy?  You know what I mean,--transient
loss of sense, will, and motion; body and limbs taking any position
in which they are put, as if they belonged to a lay-figure.  She had
been talking with him and listening to him one day when the boarders
moved from the table nearly all at once.  But she sat as before, her
cheek resting on her hand, her amber eyes wide open and still.  I
went to her, she was breathing as usual, and her heart was beating
naturally enough,--but she did not answer.  I bent her arm; it was
as plastic as softened wag, and kept the place I gave it.--This
will never do, though, and I sprinkled a few drops of water on her
forehead.  She started and looked round.--I have been in a dream,--
she said;--I feel as if all my strength were in this arm;--give me
your hand!--She took my right hand in her left, which looked soft
and white enough, but--Good Heaven!  I believe she will crack my
bones!  All the nervous power in her body must have flashed through
those muscles; as when a crazy lady snaps her iron window-bars,--she
who could hardly glove herself when in her common health.  Iris
turned pale, and the tears came to her eyes;--she saw she had given
pain.  Then she trembled, and might have fallen but for me;--the
poor little soul had been in one of those trances that belong to the
spiritual pathology of higher natures, mostly those of women.

To come back to this wondrous book of Iris.  Two pages faced each
other which I took for symbolical expressions of two states of mind.
On the left hand, a bright blue sky washed over the page, specked
with a single bird.  No trace of earth, but still the winged
creature seemed to be soaring upward and upward.  Facing it, one of
those black dungeons such as Piranesi alone of all men has pictured.
I am sure she must have seen those awful prisons of his, out of
which the Opium-Eater got his nightmare vision, described by another
as "cemeteries of departed greatness, where monstrous and forbidden
things are crawling and twining their slimy convolutions among
mouldering bones, broken sculpture, and mutilated inscriptions."
Such a black dungeon faced the page that held the blue sky and the
single bird; at the bottom of it something was coiled,--what, and
whether meant for dead or alive, my eyes could not make out.

I told you the young girl's soul was in this book.  As I turned over
the last leaves I could not help starting.  There were all sorts of
faces among the arabesques which laughed and scowled in the borders
that ran round the pages.  They had mostly the outline of childish
or womanly or manly beauty, without very distinct individuality.
But at last it seemed to me that some of them were taking on a look
not wholly unfamiliar to me; there were features that did not seem
new.--Can it be so?  Was there ever such innocence in a creature so
full of life?  She tells her heart's secrets as a three-years-old
child betrays itself without need of being questioned!  This was no
common miss, such as are turned out in scores from the young-lady-
factories, with parchments warranting them accomplished and
virtuous,--in case anybody should question the fact.  I began to
understand her;--and what is so charming as to read the secret of a
real femme incomprise?--for such there are, though they are not the
ones who think themselves uncomprehended women.

Poets are never young, in one sense.  Their delicate ear hears the
far-off whispers of eternity, which coarser souls must travel
towards for scores of years before their dull sense is touched by
them.  A moment's insight is sometimes worth a life's experience.  I
have frequently seen children, long exercised by pain and
exhaustion, whose features had a strange look of advanced age.  Too
often one meets such in our charitable institutions.  Their faces
are saddened and wrinkled, as if their few summers were threescore
years and ten.

And so, many youthful poets have written as if their hearts were old
before their time; their pensive morning twilight has been as cool
and saddening as that of evening in more common lives.  The profound
melancholy of those lines of Shelley,

     "I could lie down like a tired child
      And weep away the life of care
      Which I have borne and yet must bear."

came from a heart, as he says, "too soon grown old,"--at twenty-six
years, as dull people count time, even when they talk of poets.

I know enough to be prepared for an exceptional nature,--only this
gift of the hand in rendering every thought in form and color, as
well as in words, gives a richness to this young girl's alphabet of
feeling and imagery that takes me by surprise.  And then besides,
and most of all, I am puzzled at her sudden and seemingly easy
confidence in me.  Perhaps I owe it to my--Well, no matter!  How one
must love the editor who first calls him the venerable So-and-So!

--I locked the book and sighed as I laid it down.  The world is
always ready to receive talent with open arms.  Very often it does
not know what to do with genius.  Talent is a docile creature.  It
bows its head meekly while the world slips the collar over it.  It
backs into the shafts like a lamb.  It draws its load cheerfully,
and is patient of the bit and of the whip.  But genius is always
impatient of its harness; its wild blood makes it hard to train.

Talent seems, at first, in one sense, higher than genius,--namely,
that it is more uniformly and absolutely submitted to the will, and
therefore more distinctly human in its character.  Genius, on the
other hand, is much more like those instincts which govern the
admirable movements of the lower creatures, and therefore seems to
have something of the lower or animal character.  A goose flies by a
chart which the Royal Geographical Society could not mend.  A poet,
like the goose, sails without visible landmarks to unexplored
regions of truth, which philosophy has yet to lay down on its atlas.
The philosopher gets his track by observation; the poet trusts to
his inner sense, and makes the straighter and swifter line.

And yet, to look at it in another light, is not even the lowest
instinct more truly divine than any voluntary human act done by the
suggestion of reason?  What is a bee's architecture but an
unobstructed divine thought?--what is a builder's approximative rule
but an obstructed thought of the Creator, a mutilated and imperfect
copy of some absolute rule Divine Wisdom has established,
transmitted through a human soul as an image through clouded glass?

Talent is a very common family-trait; genius belongs rather to
individuals;--just as you find one giant or one dwarf in a family,
but rarely a whole brood of either.  Talent is often to be envied,
and genius very commonly to be pitied.  It stands twice the chance
of the other of dying in hospital, in jail, in debt, in bad repute.
It is a perpetual insult to mediocrity; its every word is a trespass
against somebody's vested ideas,--blasphemy against somebody's O'm,
or intangible private truth.

--What is the use of my weighing out antitheses in this way, like a
rhetorical grocer?--You know twenty men of talent, who are making
their way in the world; you may, perhaps, know one man of genius,
and very likely do not want to know any more.  For a divine
instinct, such as drives the goose southward and the poet
heavenward, is a hard thing to manage, and proves too strong for
many whom it possesses.  It must have been a terrible thing to have
a friend like Chatterton or Burns.  And here is a being who
certainly has more than talent, at once poet and artist in tendency,
if not yet fairly developed,--a woman, too;--and genius grafted on
womanhood is like to overgrow it and break its stem, as you may see
a grafted fruit-tree spreading over the stock which cannot keep pace
with its evolution.

I think now you know something of this young person.  She wants
nothing but an atmosphere to expand in.  Now and then one meets with
a nature for which our hard, practical New England life is obviously
utterly incompetent.  It comes up, as a Southern seed, dropped by
accident in one of our gardens, finds itself trying to grow and blow
into flower among the homely roots and the hardy shrubs that
surround it.  There is no question that certain persons who are born
among us find themselves many degrees too far north.  Tropical by
organization, they cannot fight for life with our eastern and
northwestern breezes without losing the color and fragrance into
which their lives would have blossomed in the latitude of myrtles
and oranges.  Strange effects are produced by suffering any living
thing to be developed under conditions such as Nature had not
intended for it.  A French physiologist confined some tadpoles under
water in the dark.  Removed from the natural stimulus of light, they
did not develop legs and arms at the proper period of their growth,
and so become frogs; they swelled and spread into gigantic tadpoles.
I have seen a hundred colossal human tadpoles, overgrown Zarvce or
embryos; nay, I am afraid we Protestants should look on a
considerable proportion of the Holy Father's one hundred and thirty-
nine millions as spiritual larvae, sculling about in the dark by the
aid of their caudal extremities, instead of standing on their legs,
and breathing by gills, instead of taking the free air of heaven
into the lungs made to receive it.  Of course we never try to keep
young souls in the tadpole state, for fear they should get a pair or
two of legs by-and-by and jump out of the pool where they have been
bred and fed!  Never!  Never.  Never?

Now to go back to our plant.  You may know, that, for the earlier
stages of development of almost any vegetable, you only want air,
water, light, and warmth.  But by-and-by, if it is to have special
complex principles as a part of its organization, they must be
supplied by the soil;--your pears will crack, if the root of the
tree gets no iron,--your asparagus-bed wants salt as much as you do.
Just at the period of adolescence, the mind often suddenly begins to
come into flower and to set its fruit.  Then it is that many young
natures, having exhausted the spiritual soil round them of all it
contains of the elements they demand, wither away, undeveloped and
uncolored, unless they are transplanted.

Pray for these dear young souls!  This is the second natural birth;-
for I do not speak of those peculiar religious experiences which
form the point of transition in many lives between the consciousness
of a general relation to the Divine nature and a special personal
relation.  The litany should count a prayer for them in the list of
its supplications; masses should be said for them as for souls in
purgatory; all good Christians should remember them as they remember
those in peril through travel or sickness or in warfare.

I would transport this child to Rome at once, if I had my will.  She
should ripen under an Italian sun.  She should walk under the
frescoed vaults of palaces, until her colors deepened to those of
Venetian beauties, and her forms were perfected into rivalry with
the Greek marbles, and the east wind was out of her soil.  Has she
not exhausted this lean soil of the elements her growing nature
requires?

I do not know.  The magnolia grows and comes into full flower on
Cape Ann, many degrees out of its proper region.  I was riding once
along that delicious road between the hills and the sea, when we
passed a thicket where there seemed to be a chance of finding it.
In five minutes I had fallen on the trees in full blossom, and
filled my arms with the sweet, resplendent flowers.  I could not
believe I was in our cold, northern Essex, which, in the dreary
season when I pass its slate-colored, unpainted farm-houses, and
huge, square, windy, 'squire-built "mansions," looks as brown and
unvegetating as an old rug with its patterns all trodden out and the
colored fringe worn from all its border.

If the magnolia can bloom in northern New England, why should not a
poet or a painter come to his full growth here just as well?  Yes,
but if the gorgeous tree-flower is rare, and only as if by a freak
of Nature springs up in a single spot among the beeches and alders,
is there not as much reason to think the perfumed flower of
imaginative genius will find it hard to be born and harder to spread
its leaves in the clear, cold atmosphere of our ultra-temperate zone
of humanity?

Take the poet.  On the one hand, I believe that a person with the
poetical faculty finds material everywhere.  The grandest objects of
sense and thought are common to all climates and civilizations.  The
sky, the woods, the waters, the storms, life, death love, the hope
and vision of eternity,--these are images that write themselves in
poetry in every soul which has anything of the divine gift.

On the other hand, there is such a thing as a lean, impoverished
life, in distinction from a rich and suggestive one.  Which our
common New England life might be considered, I will not decide.  But
there are some things I think the poet misses in our western Eden.
I trust it is not unpatriotic to mention them in this point of view
as they come before us in so many other aspects.

There is no sufficient flavor of humanity in the soil out of which
we grow.  At Cantabridge, near the sea, I have once or twice picked
up an Indian arrowhead in a fresh furrow.  At Canoe Meadow, in the
Berkshire Mountains, I have found Indian arrowheads.  So everywhere
Indian arrowheads.  Whether a hundred or a thousand years old, who
knows? who cares?  There is no history to the red race,--there is
hardly an individual in it;--a few instincts on legs and holding a
tomahawk--there is the Indian of all time.  The story of one red ant
is the story of all red ants.  So, the poet, in trying to wing his
way back through the life that has kindled, flitted, and faded along
our watercourses and on our southern hillsides for unknown
generations, finds nothing to breathe or fly in; he meets

    "A vast vacuity!  all unawares,
     Fluttering his pennons vain, plumb down he drops
     Ten thousand fathom deep."

But think of the Old World,--that part of it which is the seat of
ancient civilization!  The stakes of the Britons' stockades are
still standing in the bed of the Thames.  The ploughman turns up an
old Saxon's bones, and beneath them is a tessellated pavement of the
time of the Caesars.  In Italy, the works of mediaeval Art seem to
be of yesterday,--Rome, under her kings, is but an intruding
newcomer, as we contemplate her in the shadow of the Cyclopean walls
of Fiesole or Volterra.  It makes a man human to live on these old
humanized soils.  He cannot help marching in step with his kind in
the rear of such a procession.  They say a dead man's hand cures
swellings, if laid on them.  There is nothing like the dead cold
hand of the Past to take down our tumid egotism and lead us into the
solemn flow of the life of our race.  Rousseau came out of one of
his sad self-torturing fits, as he cast his eye on the arches of the
old Roman aqueduct, the Pont du Gard.

I am far from denying that there is an attraction in a thriving
railroad village.  The new "depot," the smartly-painted pine houses,
the spacious brick hotel, the white meeting-house, and the row of
youthful and leggy trees before it, are exhilarating.  They speak of
progress, and the time when there shall be a city, with a His Honor
the Mayor, in the place of their trim but transient architectural
growths.  Pardon me, if I prefer the pyramids.  They seem to me
crystals formed from a stronger solution of humanity than the
steeple of the new meeting-house.  I may be wrong, but the Tiber has
a voice for me, as it whispers to the piers of the Pons Alius, even
more full of meaning than my well-beloved Charles eddying round the
piles of West Boston Bridge.

Then, again, we Yankees are a kind of gypsies,--a mechanical and
migratory race.  A poet wants a home.  He can dispense with an
apple-parer and a reaping-machine.  I feel this more for others than
for myself, for the home of my birth and childhood has been as yet
exempted from the change which has invaded almost everything around
it.

--Pardon me a short digression.  To what small things our memory and
our affections attach themselves!  I remember, when I was a child,
that one of the girls planted some Star-of-Bethlehem bulbs in the
southwest gorner of our front-yard.  Well, I left the paternal roof
and wandered in other lands, and learned to think in the words of
strange people.  But after many years, as I looked on the little
front-yard again, it occurred to me that there used to be some Star-
of-Bethlehems in the southwest corner.  The grass was tall there,
and the blade of the plant is very much like grass, only thicker and
glossier.  Even as Tully parted the briers and brambles when he
hunted for the sphere-containing cylinder that marked the grave of
Archimedes, so did I comb the grass with my fingers for my
monumental memorial-flower.  Nature had stored my keepsake tenderly
in her bosom; the glossy, faintly streaked blades were there; they
are there still, though they never flower, darkened as they are by
the shade of the elms and rooted in the matted turf.

Our hearts are held down to our homes by innumerable fibres, trivial
as that I have just recalled; but Gulliver was fixed to the soil,
you remember, by pinning his head a hair at a time.  Even a stone
with a whitish band crossing it, belonging to the pavement of the
back-yard, insisted on becoming one of the talismans of memory.
This intussusception of the ideas of inanimate objects, and their
faithful storing away among the sentiments, are curiously prefigured
in the material structure of the thinking centre itself.  In the
very core of the brain, in the part where Des Cartes placed the
soul, is a small mineral deposit, consisting, as I have seen it in
the microscope, of grape-like masses of crystalline matter.

But the plants that come up every year in the same place, like the
Star-of-Bethlehems, of all the lesser objects, give me the liveliest
home-feeling.  Close to our ancient gambrel-roofed house is the
dwelling of pleasant old Neighbor Walrus.  I remember the sweet
honeysuckle that I saw in flower against the wall of his house a few
months ago, as long as I remember the sky and stars.  That clump of
peonies, butting their purple heads through the soil every spring in
just the same circle, and by-and-by unpacking their hard balls of
buds in flowers big enough to make a double handful of leaves, has
come up in just that place, Neighbor Walrus tells me, for more years
than I have passed on this planet.  It is a rare privilege in our
nomadic state to find the home of one's childhood and its immediate
neighborhood thus unchanged.  Many born poets, I am afraid, flower
poorly in song, or not at all, because they have been too often
transplanted.

Then a good many of our race are very hard and unimaginative;--their
voices have nothing caressing; their movements are as of machinery
without elasticity or oil.  I wish it were fair to print a letter a
young girl, about the age of our Iris, wrote a short time since.  "I
am *** *** ***," she says, and tells her whole name outright.  Ah!--
said I, when I read that first frank declaration,--you are one of
the right sort!--She was.  A winged creature among close-clipped
barn door fowl.  How tired the poor girl was of the dull life about
her,--the old woman's "skeleton hand" at the window opposite,
drawing her curtains,--"Ma'am shooing away the hens,"--the vacuous
country eyes staring at her as only country eyes can stare,--a
routine of mechanical duties, and the soul's half-articulated cry
for sympathy, without an answer! Yes,--pray for her, and for all
such!  Faith often cures their longings; but it is so hard to give a
soul to heaven that has not first been trained in the fullest and
sweetest human affections!  Too often they fling their hearts away
on unworthy objects.  Too often they pine in a secret discontent,
which spreads its leaden cloud over the morning of their youth.  The
immeasurable distance between one of these delicate natures and the
average youths among whom is like to be her only choice makes one's
heart ache.  How many women are born too finely organized in sense
and soul for the highway they must walk with feet unshod!  Life is
adjusted to the wants of the stronger sex.  There are plenty of
torrents to be crossed in its journey; but their stepping-stones are
measured by the stride of man, and not of woman.

Women are more subject than men to atrophy of the heart.  So says
the great medical authority, Laennec.  Incurable cases of this kind
used to find their hospitals in convents.  We have the disease in
New England,--but not the hospitals.  I don't like to think of it.
I will not believe our young Iris is going to die out in this way.
Providence will find her some great happiness, or affliction, or
duty,--and which would be best for her, I cannot tell.  One thing is
sure: the interest she takes in her little neighbor is getting to be
more engrossing than ever.  Something is the matter with him, and
she knows it, and I think worries herself about it.

I wonder sometimes how so fragile and distorted a frame has kept the
fiery spirit that inhabits it so long its tenant.  He accounts for
it in his own way.

The air of the Old World is good for nothing, he said, one day.--
Used up, Sir,--breathed over and over again.  You must come to this
side, Sir, for an atmosphere fit to breathe nowadays.  Did not
worthy Mr. Higginson say that a breath of New England's air is
better than a sup of Old England's ale?  I ought to have died when I
was a boy, Sir; but I could n't die in this Boston air,--and I think
I shall have to go to New York one of these days, when it's time for
me to drop this bundle,--or to New Orleans, where they have the
yellow fever,--or to Philadelphia, where they have so many doctors.

This was some time ago; but of late he has seemed, as I have before
said, to be ailing.  An experienced eye, such as I think I may call
mine, can tell commonly whether a man is going to die, or not, long
before he or his friends are alarmed about him.  I don't like it.

Iris has told me that the Scottish gift of second-sight runs in her
family, and that she is afraid she has it.  Those who are so endowed
look upon a well man and see a shroud wrapt about him.  According to
the degree to which it covers him, his death will be near or more
remote.  It is an awful faculty; but science gives one too much like
it.  Luckily for our friends, most of us who have the scientific
second-sight school ourselves not to betray our knowledge by word or
look.

Day by day, as the Little Gentleman comes to the table, it seems to
me that the shadow of some approaching change falls darker and
darker over his countenance.  Nature is struggling with something,
and I am afraid she is under in the wrestling-match.  You do not
care much, perhaps, for my particular conjectures as to the nature
of his difficulty.  I should say, however, from the sudden flushes
to which he is subject, and certain other marks which, as an expert,
I know how to interpret, that his heart was in trouble; but then he
presses his hand to the right side, as if there were the centre of
his uneasiness.

When I say difficulty about the heart, I do not mean any of those
sentimental maladies of that organ which figure more largely in
romances than on the returns which furnish our Bills of Mortality.
I mean some actual change in the organ itself, which may carry him
off by slow and painful degrees, or strike him down with one huge
pang and only time for a single shriek,--as when the shot broke
through the brave Captain Nolan's breast, at the head of the Light
Brigade at Balaklava, and with a loud cry he dropped dead from his
saddle.

I thought it only fair to say something of what I apprehended to
some who were entitled to be warned.  The landlady's face fell when
I mentioned my fears.

Poor man!--she said.--And will leave the best room empty!  Has n't
he got any sisters or nieces or anybody to see to his things, if he
should be took away?  Such a sight of cases, full of everything!
Never thought of his failin' so suddin.  A complication of diseases,
she expected.  Liver-complaint one of 'em?

After this first involuntary expression of the too natural selfish
feelings, (which we must not judge very harshly, unless we happen to
be poor widows ourselves, with children to keep filled, covered, and
taught,--rents high,--beef eighteen to twenty cents per pound,)--
after this first squeak of selfishness, followed by a brief movement
of curiosity, so invariable in mature females, as to the nature of
the complaint which threatens the life of a friend or any person who
may happen to be mentioned as ill,--the worthy soul's better
feelings struggled up to the surface, and she grieved for the doomed
invalid, until a tear or two came forth and found their way down a
channel worn for them since the early days of her widowhood.

Oh, this dreadful, dreadful business of being the prophet of evil!
Of all the trials which those who take charge of others' health and
lives have to undergo, this is the most painful.  It is all so plain
to the practised eye!--and there is the poor wife, the doting
mother, who has never suspected anything, or at least has clung
always to the hope which you are just going to wrench away from her!
--I must tell Iris that I think her poor friend is in a precarious
state.  She seems nearer to him than anybody.

I did tell her.  Whatever emotion it produced, she kept a still
face, except, perhaps, a little trembling of the lip.--Could I be
certain that there was any mortal complaint?--Why, no, I could not
be certain; but it looked alarming to me.--He shall have some of my
life,--she said.

I suppose this to have been a fancy of hers, or a kind of magnetic
power she could give out;--at any rate, I cannot help thinking she
wills her strength away from herself, for she has lost vigor and
color from that day.  I have sometimes thought he gained the force
she lost; but this may have been a whim, very probably.

One day she came suddenly to me, looking deadly pale.  Her lips
moved, as if she were speaking; but I could not at first hear a
word.  Her hair looked strangely, as if lifting itself, and her eyes
were full of wild light.  She sunk upon a chair, and I thought was
falling into one of her trances.  Something had frozen her blood
with fear; I thought, from what she said, half audibly, that she
believed she had seen a shrouded figure.

That night, at about eleven o'clock, I was sent for to see the
Little Gentleman, who was taken suddenly ill.  Bridget, the servant,
went before me with a light.  The doors were both unfastened, and I
found myself ushered, without hindrance, into the dim light of the
mysterious apartment I had so longed to enter.

I found these stanzas in the young girl's book among many others.  I
give them as characterizing the tone of her sadder moments.


          UNDER THE VIOLETS.

Her hands are cold; her face is white;
No more her pulses come and go;
Her eyes are shut to life and light;
Fold the white vesture, snow on snow,
And lay her where the violets blow.

But not beneath a graven stone,
To plead for tears with alien eyes;
A slender cross of wood alone
Shall say, that here a maiden lies
In peace beneath the peaceful skies.

And gray old trees of hugest limb
Shall wheel their circling shadows round
To make the scorching sunlight dim
That drinks the greenness from the ground,
And drop their dead leaves on her mound.

When o'er their boughs the squirrels run,
And through their leaves the robins call,
And, ripening in the autumn sun,
The acorns and the chestnuts fall,
Doubt not that she will heed them all.

For her the morning choir shall sing
Its matins from the branches high,
And every minstrel voice of spring,
That trills beneath the April sky,
Shall greet her with its earliest cry.

When, turning round their dial-track,
Eastward the lengthening shadows pass,
Her little mourners, clad in black,
The crickets, sliding through the grass,
Shall pipe for her an evening mass.

At last the rootlets of the trees
Shall find the prison where she lies,
And bear the buried dust they seize
In leaves and blossoms to the skies.
So may the soul that warmed it rise!

If any, born of kindlier blood,
Should ask, What maiden lies below?
Say only this: A tender bud,
That tried to blossom in the snow,
Lies withered where the violets blow.




XI

You will know, perhaps, in the course of half an hour's reading,
what has been haunting my hours of sleep and waking for months.  I
cannot tell, of course, whether you are a nervous person or not.
If, however, you are such a person,--if it is late at night,--if all
the rest of the household have gone off to bed,--if the wind is
shaking your windows as if a human hand were rattling the sashes,--
if your candle or lamp is low and will soon burn out,--let me advise
you to take up some good quiet sleepy volume, or attack the
"Critical Notices" of the last Quarterly and leave this to be read
by daylight, with cheerful voices round, and people near by who
would hear you, if you slid from your chair and came down in a lump
on the floor.

I do not say that your heart will beat as mine did, I am willing to
confess, when I entered the dim chamber.  Did I not tell you that I
was sensitive and imaginative, and that I had lain awake with
thinking what were the strange movements and sounds which I heard
late at night in my little neighbor's apartment?  It had come to
that pass that I was truly unable to separate what I had really
heard from what I had dreamed in those nightmares to which I have
been subject, as before mentioned.  So, when I walked into the room,
and Bridget, turning back, closed the door and left me alone with
its tenant, I do believe you could have grated a nutmeg on my skin,
such a "goose-flesh" shiver ran over it.  It was not fear, but what
I call nervousness,--unreasoning, but irresistible; as when, for
instance, one looking at the sun going down says, "I will count
fifty before it disappears"; and as he goes on and it becomes
doubtful whether he will reach the number, he gets strangely
flurried, and his imagination pictures life and death and heaven and
hell as the issues depending on the completion or non-completion of
the fifty he is counting.  Extreme curiosity will excite some people
as much as fear, or what resembles fear, acts on some other less
impressible natures.

I may find myself in the midst of strange facts in this little
conjurer's room.  Or, again, there may be nothing in this poor
invalid's chamber but some old furniture, such as they say came over
in the Mayflower.  All this is just what I mean to, find out while
I am looking at the Little Gentleman, who has suddenly become my
patient.  The simplest things turn out to be unfathomable mysteries;
the most mysterious appearances prove to be the most commonplace
objects in disguise.

I wonder whether the boys who live in Roxbury and Dorchester are
ever moved to tears or filled with silent awe as they look upon the
rocks and fragments of "puddingstone" abounding in those localities.
I have my suspicions that those boys "heave a stone" or "fire a
brickbat," composed of the conglomerate just mentioned, without any
more tearful or philosophical contemplations than boys of less
favored regions expend on the same performance.  Yet a lump of
puddingstone is a thing to look at, to think about, to study over,
to dream upon, to go crazy with, to beat one's brains out against.
Look at that pebble in it.  From what cliff was it broken?  On what
beach rolled by the waves of what ocean?  How and when imbedded in
soft ooze, which itself became stone, and by-and-by was lifted into
bald summits and steep cliffs, such as you may see on Meetinghouse-
Hill any day--yes, and mark the scratches on their faces left when
the boulder-carrying glaciers planed the surface of the continent
with such rough tools that the storms have not worn the marks out of
it with all the polishing of ever so many thousand years?

Or as you pass a roadside ditch or pool in springtime, take from it
any bit of stick or straw which has lain undisturbed for a time.
Some little worm-shaped masses of clear jelly containing specks are
fastened to the stick: eggs of a small snail-like shell-fish.  One
of these specks magnified proves to be a crystalline sphere with an
opaque mass in its centre.  And while you are looking, the opaque
mass begins to stir, and by-and-by slowly to turn upon its axis like
a forming planet,--life beginning in the microcosm, as in the great
worlds of the firmament, with the revolution that turns the surface
in ceaseless round to the source of life and light.

A pebble and the spawn of a mollusk!  Before you have solved their
mysteries, this earth where you first saw them may be a vitrified
slag, or a vapor diffused through the planetary spaces.  Mysteries
are common enough, at any rate, whatever the boys in Roxbury and
Dorchester think of "brickbats" and the spawn of creatures that
live in roadside puddles.

But then a great many seeming mysteries are relatively perfectly
plain, when we can get at them so as to turn them over.  How many
ghosts that "thick men's blood with cold" prove to be shirts hung
out to dry!  How many mermaids have been made out of seals!  How
many times have horse-mackerels been taken for the sea-serpent!

--Let me take the whole matter coolly, while I see what is the
matter with the patient.  That is what I say to myself, as I draw a
chair to the bedside.  The bed is an old-fashioned, dark mahogany
four-poster.  It was never that which made the noise of something
moving.  It is too heavy to be pushed about the room.--The Little
Gentleman was sitting, bolstered up by pillows, with his hands
clasped and their united palms resting on the back of the head, one
of the three or four positions specially affected by persons whose
breathing is difficult from disease of the heart or other causes.

Sit down, Sir,--he said,--sit down!  I have come to the hill
Difficulty, Sir, and am fighting my way up.--His speech was
laborious and interrupted.

Don't talk,--I said,--except to answer my questions.--And I
proceeded to "prospect" for the marks of some local mischief, which
you know is at the bottom of all these attacks, though we do not
always find it.  I suppose I go to work pretty much like other
professional folks of my temperament.  Thus:

Wrist, if you please.--I was on his right side, but he presented
his left wrist, crossing it over the other.--I begin to count,
holding watch in left hand.  One, two, three, four,--What a handsome
hand! wonder if that splendid stone is a carbuncle.--One, two,
three, four, five, six, seven,--Can't see much, it is so dark,
except one white object.--One, two, three, four,--Hang it!  eighty
or ninety in the minute, I guess.--Tongue, if you please.--Tongue
is put out.  Forget to look at it, or, rather, to take any
particular notice of it;--but what is that white object, with the
long arm stretching up as if pointing to the sky, just as Vesalius
and Spigelius and those old fellows used to put their skeletons?  I
don't think anything of such objects, you know; but what should he
have it in his chamber for?  As I had found his pulse irregular and
intermittent, I took out a stethoscope, which is a pocket-spyglass
for looking into people's chests with your ears, and laid it over
the place where the heart beats.  I missed the usual beat of the
organ.--How is this?--I said,--where is your heart gone to?--He
took the stethoscope and shifted it across to the right side; there
was a displacement of the organ.--I am ill-packed,--he said;--there
was no room for my heart in its place as it is with other men.--God
help him!

It is hard to draw the line between scientific curiosity and the
desire for the patient's sake to learn all the details of his
condition.  I must look at this patient's chest, and thump it and
listen to it.  For this is a case of ectopia cordis, my boy,--
displacement of the heart; and it is n't every day you get a chance
to overhaul such an interesting malformation.  And so I managed to
do my duty and satisfy my curiosity at the same time.  The torso was
slight and deformed; the right arm attenuated,--the left full,
round, and of perfect symmetry.  It had run away with the life of
the other limbs,--a common trick enough of Nature's, as I told you
before.  If you see a man with legs withered from childhood, keep
out of the way of his arms, if you have a quarrel with him.  He has
the strength of four limbs in two; and if he strikes you, it is an
arm-blow plus a kick administered from the shoulder instead of the
haunch, where it should have started from.

Still examining him as a patient, I kept my eyes about me to search
all parts of the chamber and went on with the double process, as
before.--Heart hits as hard as a fist,--bellows-sound over mitral
valves (professional terms you need not attend to).--What the deuse
is that long case for?  Got his witch grandmother mummied in it?
And three big mahogany presses,--hey?--A diabolical suspicion came
over me which I had had once before,--that he might be one of our
modern alchemists,--you understand, make gold, you know, or what
looks like it, sometimes with the head of a king or queen or of
Liberty to embellish one side of the piece.--Don't I remember
hearing him shut a door and lock it once?  What do you think was
kept under that lock?  Let's have another look at his hand, to see
if there are any calluses.

One can tell a man's business, if it is a handicraft, very often by
just taking a look at his open hand.  Ah!  Four calluses at the end
of the fingers of the right hand.  None on those of the left.  Ah,
ha!  What do those mean?

All this seems longer in the telling, of course, than it was in
fact.  While I was making these observations of the objects around
me, I was also forming my opinion as to the kind of case with which
I had to deal.

There are three wicks, you know, to the lamp of a man's life: brain,
blood, and breath.  Press the brain a little, its light goes out,
followed by both the others.  Stop the heart a minute and out go all
three of the wicks.  Choke the air out of the lungs, and presently
the fluid ceases to supply the other centres of flame, and all is
soon stagnation, cold, and darkness.  The "tripod of life" a French
physiologist called these three organs.  It is all clear enough
which leg of the tripod is going to break down here.  I could tell
you exactly what the difficulty is;--which would be as intelligible
and amusing as a watchmaker's description of a diseased timekeeper
to a ploughman.  It is enough to say, that I found just what I
expected to, and that I think this attack is only the prelude of
more serious consequences,--which expression means you very well
know what.

And now the secrets of this life hanging on a thread must surely
come out.  If I have made a mystery where there was none, my
suspicions will be shamed, as they have often been before.  If there
is anything strange, my visits will clear it up.

I sat an hour or two by the side of the Little Gentleman's bed,
after giving him some henbane to quiet his brain, and some foxglove,
which an imaginative French professor has called the "Opium of the
Heart."  Under their influence he gradually fell into an uneasy,
half-waking slumber, the body fighting hard for every breath, and
the mind wandering off in strange fancies and old recollections,
which escaped from his lips in broken sentences.

--The last of 'em,--he said,--the last of 'em all,--thank God!  And
the grave he lies in will look just as well as if he had been
straight.  Dig it deep, old Martin, dig it deep,--and let it be as
long as other folks' graves.  And mind you get the sods flat, old
man,--flat as ever a straight-backed young fellow was laid under.
And then, with a good tall slab at the head, and a foot-stone six
foot away from it, it'll look just as if there was a man underneath.

A man!  Who said he was a man?  No more men of that pattern to bear
his name!--Used to be a good-looking set enough.--Where 's all the
manhood and womanhood gone to since his great-grandfather was the
strongest man that sailed out of the town of Boston, and poor Leah
there the handsomest woman in Essex, if she was a witch?

--Give me some light,--he said,--more light.  I want to see the
picture.

He had started either from a dream or a wandering reverie.  I was
not unwilling to have more light in the apartment, and presently had
lighted an astral lamp that stood on a table.--He pointed to a
portrait hanging against the wall.--Look at her,--he said,--look at
her!  Wasn't that a pretty neck to slip a hangman's noose over?

The portrait was of a young woman, something more than twenty years
old, perhaps.  There were few pictures of any merit painted in New
England before the time of Smibert, and I am at a loss to know what
artist could have taken this half-length, which was evidently from
life.  It was somewhat stiff and flat, but the grace of the figure
and the sweetness of the expression reminded me of the angels of the
early Florentine painters.  She must have been of some
consideration, for she was dressed in paduasoy and lace with hanging
sleeves, and the old carved frame showed how the picture had been
prized by its former owners.  A proud eye she had, with all her
sweetness.--I think it was that which hanged her, as his strong arm
hanged Minister George Burroughs;--but it may have been a little
mole on one cheek, which the artist had just hinted as a beauty
rather than a deformity.  You know, I suppose, that nursling imps
addict themselves, after the fashion of young opossums, to these
little excrescences.  "Witch-marks" were good evidence that a young
woman was one of the Devil's wet-nurses;--I should like to have seen
you make fun of them in those days!--Then she had a brooch in her
bodice, that might have been taken for some devilish amulet or
other; and she wore a ring upon one of her fingers, with a red stone
in it, that flamed as if the painter had dipped his pencil in fire;
--who knows but that it was given her by a midnight suitor fresh
from that fierce element, and licensed for a season to leave his
couch of flame to tempt the unsanctified hearts of earthly maidens
and brand their cheeks with the print of his scorching kisses?

She and I,--he said, as he looked steadfastly at the canvas,--she
and I are the last of 'em.--She will stay, and I shall go.  They
never painted me,--except when the boys used to make pictures of me
with chalk on the board-fences.  They said the doctors would want my
skeleton when I was dead.--You are my friend, if you are a doctor,
--a'n't you?

I just gave him my hand.  I had not the heart to speak.

I want to lie still,--he said,--after I am put to bed upon the hill
yonder.  Can't you have a great stone laid over me, as they did over
the first settlers in the old burying-ground at Dorchester, so as to
keep the wolves from digging them up?  I never slept easy over the
sod;--I should like to lie quiet under it.  And besides,--he said,
in a kind of scared whisper,--I don't want to have my bones stared
at, as my body has been.  I don't doubt I was a remarkable case;
but, for God's sake, oh, for God's sake, don't let 'em make a show
of the cage I have been shut up in and looked through the bars of
for so many years.

I have heard it said that the art of healing makes men hard-hearted
and indifferent to human suffering.  I am willing to own that there
is often a professional hardness in surgeons, just as there is in
theologians,--only much less in degree than in these last.  It does
not commonly improve the sympathies of a man to be in the habit of
thrusting knives into his fellow-creatures and burning them with
red-hot irons, any more than it improves them to hold the blinding-
white cantery of Gehenna by its cool handle and score and crisp
young souls with it until they are scorched into the belief of--
Transubstantiation or the Immaculate Conception.  And, to say the
plain truth, I think there are a good many coarse people in both
callings.  A delicate nature will not commonly choose a pursuit
which implies the habitual infliction of suffering, so readily as
some gentler office.  Yet, while I am writing this paragraph, there
passes by my window, on his daily errand of duty, not seeing me,
though I catch a glimpse of his manly features through the oval
glass of his chaise, as he drives by, a surgeon of skill and
standing, so friendly, so modest, so tenderhearted in all his ways,
that, if he had not approved himself at once adroit and firm, one
would have said he was of too kindly a mould to be the minister of
pain, even if he were saving pain.

You may be sure that some men, even among those who have chosen the
task of pruning their fellow-creatures, grow more and more
thoughtful and truly compassionate in the midst of their cruel
experience.  They become less nervous, but more sympathetic.  They
have a truer sensibility for others' pain, the more they study pain
and disease in the light of science.  I have said this without
claiming any special growth in humanity for myself, though I do hope
I grow tenderer in my feelings as I grow older.  At any rate, this
was not a time in which professional habits could keep down certain
instincts of older date than these.

This poor little man's appeal to my humanity against the supposed
rapacity of Science, which he feared would have her "specimen," if
his ghost should walk restlessly a thousand years, waiting for his
bones to be laid in the dust, touched my heart.  But I felt bound to
speak cheerily.

--We won't die yet awhile, if we can help it,--I said,--and I trust
we can help it.  But don't be afraid; if I live longest, I will see
that your resting place is kept sacred till the dandelions and
buttercups blow over you.

He seemed to have got his wits together by this time, and to have a
vague consciousness that he might have been saying more than he
meant for anybody's ears.--I have been talking a little wild, Sir,
eh? he said.--There is a great buzzing in my head with those drops
of yours, and I doubt if my tongue has not been a little looser than
I would have it, Sir.  But I don't much want to live, Sir; that's
the truth of the matter, and it does rather please me to think that
fifty years from now nobody will know that the place where I lie
does n't hold as stout and straight a man as the best of 'em that
stretch out as if they were proud of the room they take.  You may
get me well, if you can, Sir, if you think it worth while to try;
but I tell you there has been no time for this many a year when the
smell of fresh earth was not sweeter to me than all the flowers that
grow out of it.  There's no anodyne like your good clean gravel,
Sir.  But if you can keep me about awhile, and it amuses you to try,
you may show your skill upon me, if you like.  There is a pleasure
or two that I love the daylight for, and I think the night is not
far off, at best.--I believe I shall sleep now; you may leave me,
and come, if you like, in the morning.

Before I passed out, I took one more glance round the apartment.
The beautiful face of the portrait looked at me, as portraits often
do, with a frightful kind of intelligence in its eyes.  The drapery
fluttered on the still outstretched arm of the tall object near the
window;--a crack of this was open, no doubt, and some breath of wind
stirred the hanging folds.  In my excited state, I seemed to see
something ominous in that arm pointing to the heavens.  I thought of
the figures in the Dance of Death at Basle, and that other on the
panels of the covered Bridge at Lucerne, and it seemed to me that
the grim mask who mingles with every crowd and glides over every
threshold was pointing the sick man to his far home, and would soon
stretch out his bony hand and lead him or drag him on the unmeasured
journey towards it.

The fancy had possession of me, and I shivered again as when I first
entered the chamber.  The picture and the shrouded shape; I saw only
these two objects.  They were enough.  The house was deadly still,
and the night-wind, blowing through an open window, struck me as
from a field of ice, at the moment I passed into the creaking
corridor.  As I turned into the common passage, a white figure,
holding a lamp, stood full before me.  I thought at first it was one
of those images made to stand in niches and hold a light in their
hands.  But the illusion was momentary, and my eyes speedily
recovered from the shock of the bright flame and snowy drapery to
see that the figure was a breathing one.  It was Iris, in one of her
statue-trances.  She had come down, whether sleeping or waking, I
knew not at first, led by an instinct that told her she was wanted,-
-or, possibly, having overheard and interpreted the sound of our
movements,--or, it may be, having learned from the servant that
there was trouble which might ask for a woman's hand.  I sometimes
think women have a sixth sense, which tells them that others, whom
they cannot see or hear, are in suffering.  How surely we find them
at the bedside of the dying!  How strongly does Nature plead for
them, that we should draw our first breath in their arms, as we sigh
away our last upon their faithful breasts!

With white, bare feet, her hair loosely knotted, clad as the
starlight knew her, and the morning when she rose from slumber, save
that she had twisted a scarf round her long dress, she stood still
as a stone before me, holding in one hand a lighted coil of
waxtaper, and in the other a silver goblet.  I held my own lamp
close to her, as if she had been a figure of marble, and she did not
stir.  There was no breach of propriety then, to scare the Poor
Relation with and breed scandal out of.  She had been "warned in a
dream," doubtless suggested by her waking knowledge and the sounds
which had reached her exalted sense.  There was nothing more natural
than that she should have risen and girdled her waist, and lighted
her taper, and found the silver goblet with "Ex dono pupillorum" on
it, from which she had taken her milk and possets through all her
childish years, and so gone blindly out to find her place at the
bedside,--a Sister of Charity without the cap and rosary; nay,
unknowing whither her feet were leading her, and with wide blank
eyes seeing nothing but the vision that beckoned her along.--Well,
I must wake her from her slumber or trance.--I called her name, but
she did not heed my voice.

The Devil put it into my head that I would kiss one handsome young
girl before I died, and now was my chance.  She never would know it,
and I should carry the remembrance of it with me into the grave, and
a rose perhaps grow out of my dust, as a brier did out of Lord
Lovers, in memory of that immortal moment!  Would it wake her from
her trance?  and would she see me in the flush of my stolen triumph,
and hate and despise me ever after?  Or should I carry off my trophy
undetected, and always from that time say to myself, when I looked
upon her in the glory of youth and the splendor of beauty, "My lips
have touched those roses and made their sweetness mine forever"?
You think my cheek was flushed, perhaps, and my eyes were glittering
with this midnight flash of opportunity.  On the contrary, I believe
I was pale, very pale, and I know that I trembled.  Ah, it is the
pale passions that are the fiercest,--it is the violence of the
chill that gives the measure of the fever!  The fighting-boy of our
school always turned white when he went out to a pitched battle with
the bully of some neighboring village; but we knew what his
bloodless cheeks meant,--the blood was all in his stout heart,--he
was a slight boy, and there was not enough to redden his face and
fill his heart both at once.

Perhaps it is making a good deal of a slight matter, to tell the
internal conflicts in the heart of a quiet person something more
than juvenile and something less than senile, as to whether he
should be guilty of an impropriety, and, if he were, whether he
would get caught in his indiscretion.  And yet the memory of the
kiss that Margaret of Scotland gave to Alain Chartier has lasted
four hundred years, and put it into the head of many an ill-favored
poet, whether Victoria, or Eugenie, would do as much by him, if she
happened to pass him when he was asleep.  And have we ever forgotten
that the fresh cheek of the young John Milton tingled under the lips
of some high-born Italian beauty, who, I believe, did not think to
leave her card by the side of the slumbering youth, but has
bequeathed the memory of her pretty deed to all coming time?  The
sound of a kiss is not so loud as that of a cannon, but its echo
lasts a deal longer.

There is one disadvantage which the man of philosophical habits of
mind suffers, as compared with the man of action.  While he is
taking an enlarged and rational view of the matter before him, he
lets his chance slip through his fingers.  Iris woke up, of her own
accord, before I had made up my mind what I was going to do about
it.

When I remember how charmingly she looked, I don't blame myself at
all for being tempted; but if I had been fool enough to yield to the
impulse, I should certainly have been ashamed to tell of it.  She
did not know what to make of it, finding herself there alone, in
such guise, and me staring at her.  She looked down at her white
robe and bare feet, and colored,--then at the goblet she held in her
hand, then at the taper; and at last her thoughts seemed to clear
up.

I know it all,--she said.--He is going to die, and I must go and
sit by him.  Nobody will care for him as I shall, and I have nobody
else to care for.

I assured her that nothing was needed for him that night but rest,
and persuaded her that the excitement of her presence could only do
harm.  Let him sleep, and he would very probably awake better in the
morning.  There was nothing to be said, for I spoke with authority;
and the young girl glided away with noiseless step and sought her
own chamber.

The tremor passed away from my limbs, and the blood began to burn in
my cheeks.  The beautiful image which had so bewitched me faded
gradually from my imagination, and I returned to the still
perplexing mysteries of my little neighbor's chamber.

All was still there now.  No plaintive sounds, no monotonous
murmurs, no shutting of windows and doors at strange hours, as if
something or somebody were coming in or going out, or there was
something to be hidden in those dark mahogany presses.  Is there an
inner apartment that I have not seen?  The way in which the house is
built might admit of it.  As I thought it over, I at once imagined a
Bluebeard's chamber.  Suppose, for instance, that the narrow
bookshelves to the right are really only a masked door, such as we
remember leading to the private study of one of our most
distinguished townsmen, who loved to steal away from his stately
library to that little silent cell.  If this were lighted from
above, a person or persons might pass their days there without
attracting attention from the household, and wander where they
pleased at night,--to Copp's-Hill burial-ground, if they liked,--I
said to myself, laughing, and pulling the bed-clothes over my head.
There is no logic in superstitious-fancies any more than in dreams.
A she-ghost wouldn't want an inner chamber to herself.  A live
woman, with a valuable soprano voice, wouldn't start off at night to
sprain her ankles over the old graves of the North-End cemetery.

It is all very easy for you, middle-aged reader, sitting over this
page in the broad daylight, to call me by all manner of asinine and
anserine unchristian names, because I had these fancies running
through my head.  I don't care much for your abuse.  The question is
not, what it is reasonable for a man to think about, but what he
actually does think about, in the dark, and when be is alone, and
his whole body seems but one great nerve of hearing, and he sees the
phosphorescent flashes of his own eyeballs as they turn suddenly in
the direction of the last strange noise,--what he actually does
think about, as he lies and recalls all the wild stories his head is
full of, his fancy hinting the most alarming conjectures to account
for the simplest facts about him, his common-sense laughing them to
scorn the next minute, but his mind still returning to them, under
one shape or another, until he gets very nervous and foolish, and
remembers how pleasant it used to be to have his mother come and
tuck him up and go and sit within call, so that she could hear him
at any minute, if he got very much scared and wanted her.  Old
babies that we are!

Daylight will clear up all that lamp-light has left doubtful.  I
longed for the morning to come, for I was more curious than ever.
So, between my fancies and anticipations, I had but a poor night of
it, and came down tired to the breakfast-table.  My visit was not to
be made until after this morning hour; there was nothing urgent, so
the servant was ordered to tell me.

It was the first breakfast at which the high chair at the side of
Iris had been unoccupied.--You might jest as well take away that
chair,--said our landlady,--he'll never want it again.  He acts like
a man that 's struck with death, 'n' I don't believe he 'll ever
come out of his chamber till he 's laid out and brought down a
corpse.--These good women do put things so plainly!  There were two
or three words in her short remark that always sober people, and
suggest silence or brief moral reflections.

--Life is dreadful uncerting,--said the Poor Relation,--and pulled
in her social tentacles to concentrate her thoughts on this fact of
human history.

--If there was anything a fellah could do,--said the young man John,
so called,--a fellah 'd like the chance o' helpin' a little cripple
like that.  He looks as if he couldn't turn over any handier than a
turtle that's laid on his back; and I guess there a'n't many people
that know how to lift better than I do.  Ask him if he don't want
any watchers.  I don't mind settin' up any more 'n a cat-owl.  I was
up all night twice last month.

[My private opinion is, that there was no small amount of punch
absorbed on those two occasions, which I think I heard of at the
time];--but the offer is a kind one, and it is n't fair to question
how he would like sitting up without the punch and the company and
the songs and smoking.  He means what he says, and it would be a
more considerable achievement for him to sit quietly all night by a
sick man than for a good many other people.  I tell you this odd
thing: there are a good many persons, who, through the habit of
making other folks uncomfortable, by finding fault with all their
cheerful enjoyments, at last get up a kind of hostility to comfort
in general, even in their own persons.  The correlative to loving
our neighbors as ourselves is hating ourselves as we hate our
neighbors.  Look at old misers; first they starve their dependants,
and then themselves.  So I think it more for a lively young fellow
to be ready to play nurse than for one of those useful but forlorn
martyrs who have taken a spite against themselves and love to
gratify it by fasting and watching.

--The time came at last for me to make my visit.  I found Iris
sitting by the Little Gentleman's pillow.  To my disappointment, the
room was darkened.  He did not like the light, and would have the
shutters kept nearly closed.  It was good enough for me; what
business had I to be indulging my curiosity, when I had nothing to
do but to exercise such skill as I possessed for the benefit of my
patient?  There was not much to be said or done in such a case; but
I spoke as encouragingly as I could, as I think we are always bound
to do.  He did not seem to pay any very anxious attention, but the
poor girl listened as if her own life and more than her own life
were depending on the words I uttered.  She followed me out of the
room, when I had got through my visit.

How long?--she said.

Uncertain.  Any time; to-day,--next week, next month,--I answered.
--One of those cases where the issue is not doubtful, but may be
sudden or slow.

The women of the house were kind, as women always are in trouble.
But Iris pretended that nobody could spare the time as well as she,
and kept her place, hour after hour, until the landlady insisted
that she'd be killin' herself, if she begun at that rate, 'n' haf to
give up, if she didn't want to be clean beat out in less 'n a week.

At the table we were graver than common.  The high chair was set
back against the wall, and a gap left between that of the young girl
and her nearest neighbor's on the right.  But the next morning, to
our great surprise, that good-looking young Marylander had very
quietly moved his own chair to the vacant place.  I thought he was
creeping down that way, but I was not prepared for a leap spanning
such a tremendous parenthesis of boarders as this change of position
included.  There was no denying that the youth and maiden were a
handsome pair, as they sat side by side.  But whatever the young
girl may have thought of her new neighbor she never seemed for a
moment to forget the poor little friend who had been taken from her
side.  There are women, and even girls, with whom it is of no use to
talk.  One might as well reason with a bee as to the form of his
cell, or with an oriole as to the construction of his swinging nest,
as try to stir these creatures from their own way of doing their own
work.  It was not a question with Iris, whether she was entitled by
any special relation or by the fitness of things to play the part of
a nurse.  She was a wilful creature that must have her way in this
matter.  And it so proved that it called for much patience and long
endurance to carry through the duties, say rather the kind offices,
the painful pleasures, which she had chosen as her share in the
household where accident had thrown her.  She had that genius of
ministration which is the special province of certain women, marked
even among their helpful sisters by a soft, low voice, a quiet
footfall, a light hand, a cheering smile, and a ready self-surrender
to the objects of their care, which such trifles as their own food,
sleep, or habits of any kind never presume to interfere with.
Day after day, and too often through the long watches of the night,
she kept her place by the pillow.

That girl will kill herself over me, Sir,--said the poor Little
Gentleman to me, one day,--she will kill herself, Sir, if you don't
call in all the resources of your art to get me off as soon as may
be.  I shall wear her out, Sir, with sitting in this close chamber
and watching when she ought to be sleeping, if you leave me to the
care of Nature without dosing me.

This was rather strange pleasantry, under the circumstances.  But
there are certain persons whose existence is so out of parallel with
the larger laws in the midst of which it is moving, that life
becomes to them as death and death as life.--How am I getting
along?--he said, another morning.  He lifted his shrivelled hand,
with the death's-head ring on it, and looked at it with a sad sort
of complacency.  By this one movement, which I have seen repeatedly
of late, I know that his thoughts have gone before to another
condition, and that he is, as it were, looking back on the
infirmities of the body as accidents of the past.  For, when he was
well, one might see him often looking at the handsome hand with the
flaming jewel on one of its fingers.  The single well-shaped limb
was the source of that pleasure which in some form or other Nature
almost always grants to her least richly endowed children.  Handsome
hair, eyes, complexion, feature, form, hand, foot, pleasant voice,
strength, grace, agility, intelligence,--how few there are that have
not just enough of one at least of these gifts to show them that the
good Mother, busy with her millions of children, has not quite
forgotten them!  But now he was thinking of that other state, where,
free from all mortal impediments, the memory of his sorrowful burden
should be only as that of the case he has shed to the insect whose
"deep-damasked wings" beat off the golden dust of the lily-anthers,
as he flutters in the ecstasy of his new life over their full-blown
summer glories.

No human being can rest for any time in a state of equilibrium,
where the desire to live and that to depart just balance each other.
If one has a house, which he has lived and always means to live in,
he pleases himself with the thought of all the conveniences it
offers him, and thinks little of its wants and imperfections.  But
once having made up his mind to move to a better, every incommodity
starts out upon him, until the very ground-plan of it seems to have
changed in his mind, and his thoughts and affections, each one of
them packing up its little bundle of circumstances, have quitted
their several chambers and nooks and migrated to the new home, long
before its apartments are ready to receive their coming tenant.  It
is so with the body.  Most persons have died before they expire,--
died to all earthly longings, so that the last breath is only, as it
were, the locking of the door of the already deserted mansion.  The
fact of the tranquillity with which the great majority of dying
persons await this locking of those gates of life through which its
airy angels have been going and coming, from the moment of the first
cry, is familiar to those who have been often called upon to witness
the last period of life.  Almost always there is a preparation made
by Nature for unearthing a soul, just as on the smaller scale there
is for the removal of a milktooth.  The roots which hold human life
to earth are absorbed before it is lifted from its place.  Some of
the dying are weary and want rest, the idea of which is almost
inseparable in the universal mind from death.  Some are in pain, and
want to be rid of it, even though the anodyne be dropped, as in the
legend, from the sword of the Death-Angel.  Some are stupid,
mercifully narcotized that they may go to sleep without long tossing
about.  And some are strong in faith and hope, so that, as they draw
near the next world, they would fair hurry toward it, as the caravan
moves faster over the sands when the foremost travellers send word
along the file that water is in sight.  Though each little party
that follows in a foot-track of its own will have it that the water
to which others think they are hastening is a mirage, not the less
has it been true in all ages and for human beings of every creed
which recognized a future, that those who have fallen worn out by
their march through the Desert have dreamed at least of a River of
Life, and thought they heard its murmurs as they lay dying.

The change from the clinging to the present to the welcoming of the
future comes very soon, for the most part, after all hope of life is
extinguished, provided this be left in good degree to Nature, and
not insolently and cruelly forced upon those who are attacked by
illness, on the strength of that odious foreknowledge often imparted
by science, before the white fruit whose core is ashes, and which we
call death, has set beneath the pallid and drooping flower of
sickness.  There is a singular sagacity very often shown in a
patient's estimate of his own vital force.  His physician knows the
state of his material frame well enough, perhaps,--that this or that
organ is more or less impaired or disintegrated; but the patient has
a sense that he can hold out so much longer,--sometimes that he must
and will live for a while, though by the logic of disease he ought
to die without any delay.

The Little Gentleman continued to fail, until it became plain that
his remaining days were few.  I told the household what to expect.
There was a good deal of kind feeling expressed among the boarders,
in various modes, according to their characters and style of
sympathy.  The landlady was urgent that he should try a certain
nostrum which had saved somebody's life in jest sech a case.  The
Poor Relation wanted me to carry, as from her, a copy of "Allein's
Alarm," etc.  I objected to the title, reminding her that it
offended people of old, so that more than twice as many of the book
were sold when they changed the name to "A Sure Guide to Heaven."
The good old gentleman whom I have mentioned before has come to the
time of life when many old men cry easily, and forget their tears as
children do.--He was a worthy gentleman,--he said,--a very worthy
gentleman, but unfortunate,--very unfortunate.  Sadly deformed about
the spine and the feet.  Had an impression that the late Lord Byron
had some malformation of this kind.  Had heerd there was something
the matter with the ankle-j'ints of that nobleman, but he was a man
of talents.  This gentleman seemed to be a man of talents.  Could
not always agree with his statements,--thought he was a little over-
partial to this city, and had some free opinions; but was sorry to
lose him,--and if--there was anything--he--could--.  In the midst of
these kind expressions, the gentleman with the diamond, the Koh-i-
noor, as we called him, asked, in a very unpleasant sort of way, how
the old boy was likely to cut up,--meaning what money our friend was
going to leave behind.

The young fellow John spoke up, to the effect that this was a
diabolish snobby question, when a man was dying and not dead.--To
this the Koh-i-noor replied, by asking if the other meant to insult
him.  Whereto the young man John rejoined that he had no particul'r
intentions one way or t'other. -The Kohi-noor then suggested the
young man's stepping out into the yard, that he, the speaker, might
"slap his chops."--Let 'em alone, said young Maryland,--it 'll soon
be over, and they won't hurt each other much.--So they went out.

The Koh-i-noor entertained the very common idea, that, when one
quarrels with another, the simple thing to do is to knock the man
down, and there is the end of it.  Now those who have watched such
encounters are aware of two things: first, that it is not so easy to
knock a man down as it is to talk about it; secondly, that, if you
do happen to knock a man down, there is a very good chance that he
will be angry, and get up and give you a thrashing.

So the Koh-i-noor thought he would begin, as soon as they got into
the yard, by knocking his man down, and with this intention swung
his arm round after the fashion of rustics and those unskilled in
the noble art, expecting the young fellow John to drop when his
fist, having completed a quarter of a circle, should come in contact
with the side of that young man's head.  Unfortunately for this
theory, it happens that a blow struck out straight is as much
shorter, and therefore as much quicker than the rustic's swinging
blow, as the radius is shorter than the quarter of a circle.  The
mathematical and mechanical corollary was, that the Koh-i-noor felt
something hard bring up suddenly against his right eye, which
something he could have sworn was a paving-stone, judging by his
sensations; and as this threw his person somewhat backwards, and the
young man John jerked his own head back a little, the swinging blow
had nothing to stop it; and as the Jewel staggered between the hit
he got and the blow he missed, he tripped and "went to grass," so
far as the back-yard of our boardinghouse was provided with that
vegetable.  It was a signal illustration of that fatal mistake, so
frequent in young and ardent natures with inconspicuous calves and
negative pectorals, that they can settle most little quarrels on the
spot by "knocking the man down."

We are in the habit of handling our faces so carefully, that a heavy
blow, taking effect on that portion of the surface, produces a most
unpleasant surprise, which is accompanied with odd sensations, as of
seeing sparks, and a kind of electrical or ozone-like odor, half-
sulphurous in character, and which has given rise to a very vulgar
and profane threat sometimes heard from the lips of bullies.  A
person not used to pugilistic gestures does not instantly recover
from this surprise.  The Koh-i-noor exasperated by his failure, and
still a little confused by the smart hit he had received, but
furious, and confident of victory over a young fellow a good deal
lighter than himself, made a desperate rush to bear down all before
him and finish the contest at once.  That is the way all angry
greenhorns and incompetent persons attempt to settle matters.  It
does n't do, if the other fellow is only cool, moderately quick, and
has a very little science.  It didn't do this time; for, as the
assailant rushed in with his arms flying everywhere, like the vans
of a windmill, be ran a prominent feature of his face against a fist
which was travelling in the other direction, and immediately after
struck the knuckles of the young man's other fist a severe blow with
the part of his person known as the epigastrium to one branch of
science and the bread-basket to another.  This second round closed
the battle.  The Koh-i-noor had got enough, which in such cases is
more than as good as a feast.  The young fellow asked him if he was
satisfied, and held out his hand.  But the other sulked, and
muttered something about revenge.--Jest as ye like,--said the young
man John.--Clap a slice o' raw beefsteak on to that mouse o' yours
'n' 't'll take down the swellin'.  (Mouse is a technical term for a
bluish, oblong, rounded elevation occasioned by running one's
forehead or eyebrow against another's knuckles.) The young fellow
was particularly pleased that he had had an opportunity of trying
his proficiency in the art of self-defence without the gloves.  The
Koh-i-noor did not favor us with his company for a day or two, being
confined to his chamber, it was said, by a slight feverish, attack.
He was chop-fallen always after this, and got negligent in his
person.  The impression must have been a deep one; for it was
observed, that, when he came down again, his moustache and whiskers
had turned visibly white about the roots.  In short, it disgraced
him, and rendered still more conspicuous a tendency to drinking, of
which he had been for some time suspected.  This, and the disgust
which a young lady naturally feels at hearing that her lover has
been "licked by a fellah not half his size," induced the landlady's
daughter to take that decided step which produced a change in the
programme of her career I may hereafter allude to.

I never thought he would come to good, when I heard him attempting
to sneer at an unoffending city so respectable as Boston.  After a
man begins to attack the State-House, when he gets bitter about the
Frog-Pond, you may be sure there is not much left of him.  Poor
Edgar Poe died in the hospital soon after he got into this way of
talking; and so sure as you find an unfortunate fellow reduced to
this pass, you had better begin praying for him, and stop lending
him money, for he is on his last legs.  Remember poor Edgar!  He is
dead and gone; but the State-House has its cupola fresh-gilded, and
the Frog-Pond has got a fountain that squirts up a hundred feet into
the air and glorifies that humble sheet with a fine display of
provincial rainbows.

--I cannot fulfil my promise in this number.  I expected to gratify
your curiosity, if you have become at all interested in these
puzzles, doubts, fancies, whims, or whatever you choose to call
them, of mine.  Next month you shall hear all about it.

--It was evening, and I was going to the sick-chamber.  As I paused
at the door before entering, I heard a sweet voice singing.  It was
not the wild melody I had sometimes heard at midnight:--no, this was
the voice of Iris, and I could distinguish every word.  I had seen
the verses in her book; the melody was new to me.  Let me finish my
page with them.


          HYMN OF TRUST.

O Love Divine, that stooped to share
Our sharpest pang, our bitterest tear,
On Thee we cast each earthborn care,
We smile at pain while Thou art near!

Though long the weary way we tread,
And sorrow crown each lingering year,
No path we shun, no darkness dread,
Our hearts still whispering, Thou art near!

When drooping pleasure turns to grief,
And trembling faith is changed to fear,
The murmuring wind, the quivering leaf
Shall softly tell us, Thou art near!

On Thee we fling our burdening woe,
O Love Divine, forever dear,
Content to suffer, while we know,
Living and dying, Thou art near!




XII

A young fellow, born of good stock, in one of the more thoroughly
civilized portions of these United States of America, bred in good
principles, inheriting a social position which makes him at his ease
everywhere, means sufficient to educate him thoroughly without
taking away the stimulus to vigorous exertion, and with a good
opening in some honorable path of labor, is the finest sight our
private satellite has had the opportunity of inspecting on the
planet to which she belongs.  In some respects it was better to be a
young Greek.  If we may trust the old marbles, my friend with his
arm stretched over my head, above there, (in plaster of Paris,) or
the discobolus, whom one may see at the principal sculpture gallery
of this metropolis,--those Greek young men were of supreme beauty.
Their close curls, their elegantly set heads, column-like necks,
straight noses, short, curled lips, firm chins, deep chests, light
flanks, large muscles, small joints, were finer than anything we
ever see.  It may well be questioned whether the human shape will
ever present itself again in a race of such perfect symmetry.  But
the life of the youthful Greek was local, not planetary, like that
of the young American.  He had a string of legends, in place of our
Gospels.  He had no printed books, no newspaper, no steam caravans,
no forks, no soap, none of the thousand cheap conveniences which
have become matters of necessity to our modern civilization.  Above
all things, if he aspired to know as well as to enjoy, he found
knowledge not diffused everywhere about him, so that a day's labor
would buy him more wisdom than a year could master, but held in
private hands, hoarded in precious manuscripts, to be sought for
only as gold is sought in narrow fissures, and in the beds of
brawling streams.  Never, since man came into this atmosphere of
oxygen and azote, was there anything like the condition of the young
American of the nineteenth century.  Having in possession or in
prospect the best part of half a world, with all its climates and
soils to choose from; equipped with wings of fire and smoke than fly
with him day and night, so that he counts his journey not in miles,
but in degrees, and sees the seasons change as the wild fowl sees
them in his annual flights; with huge leviathans always ready to
take him on their broad backs and push behind them with their
pectoral or caudal fins the waters that seam the continent or
separate the hemispheres; heir of all old civilizations, founder of
that new one which, if all the prophecies of the human heart are not
lies, is to be the noblest, as it is the last; isolated in space
from the races that are governed by dynasties whose divine right
grows out of human wrong, yet knit into the most absolute solidarity
with mankind of all times and places by the one great thought he
inherits as his national birthright; free to form and express his
opinions on almost every subject, and assured that he will soon
acquire the last franchise which men withhold from man,--that of
stating the laws of his spiritual being and the beliefs he accepts
without hindrance except from clearer views of truth,--he seems to
want nothing for a large, wholesome, noble, beneficent life.  In
fact, the chief danger is that he will think the whole planet is
made for him, and forget that there are some possibilities left in
the debris of the old-world civilization which deserve a certain
respectful consideration at his hands.

The combing and clipping of this shaggy wild continent are in some
measure done for him by those who have gone before.  Society has
subdivided itself enough to have a place for every form of talent.
Thus, if a man show the least sign of ability as a sculptor or a
painter, for instance, he finds the means of education and a demand
for his services.  Even a man who knows nothing but science will be
provided for, if he does not think it necessary to hang about his
birthplace all his days,--which is a most unAmerican weakness.  The
apron-strings of an American mother are made of India-rubber.  Her
boy belongs where he is wanted; and that young Marylander of ours
spoke for all our young men, when he said that his home was wherever
the stars and stripes blew over his head.

And that leads me to say a few words of this young gentleman, who
made that audacious movement lately which I chronicled in my last
record,--jumping over the seats of I don't know how many boarders to
put himself in the place which the Little Gentleman's absence had
left vacant at the side of Iris.  When a young man is found
habitually at the side of any one given young lady,--when he lingers
where she stays, and hastens when she leaves,--when his eyes follow
her as she moves and rest upon her when she is still,--when he
begins to grow a little timid, he who was so bold, and a little
pensive, he who was so gay, whenever accident finds them alone,--
when he thinks very often of the given young lady, and names her
very seldom,--

What do you say about it, my charming young expert in that sweet
science in which, perhaps, a long experience is not the first of
qualifications?

--But we don't know anything about this young man, except that he is
good-looking, and somewhat high-spirited, and strong-limbed, and has
a generous style of nature,--all very promising, but by no means
proving that he is a proper lover for Iris, whose heart we turned
inside out when we opened that sealed book of hers.

Ah, my dear young friend!  When your mamma then, if you will believe
it, a very slight young lady, with very pretty hair and figure--came
and told her mamma that your papa had--had--asked No, no, no! she
could n't say it; but her mother--oh the depth of maternal sagacity!
--guessed it all without another word!--When your mother, I say,
came and told her mother she was engaged, and your grandmother told
your grandfather, how much did they know of the intimate nature of
the young gentleman to whom she had pledged her existence?  I will
not be so hard as to ask how much your respected mamma knew at that
time of the intimate nature of your respected papa, though, if we
should compare a young girl's man-as-she-thinks-him with a forty-
summered matron's man-as-she-finds-him, I have my doubts as to
whether the second would be a facsimile of the first in most cases.

The idea that in this world each young person is to wait until he or
she finds that precise counterpart who alone of all creation was
meant for him or her, and then fall instantly in love with it, is
pretty enough, only it is not Nature's way.  It is not at all
essential that all pairs of human beings should be, as we sometimes
say of particular couples, "born for each other."  Sometimes a man
or a woman is made a great deal better and happier in the end for
having had to conquer the faults of the one beloved, and make the
fitness not found at first, by gradual assimilation.  There is a
class of good women who have no right to marry perfectly good men,
because they have the power of saving those who would go to ruin but
for the guiding providence of a good wife.  I have known many such
cases.  It is the most momentous question a woman is ever called
upon to decide, whether the faults of the man she loves are beyond
remedy and will drag her down, or whether she is competent to be his
earthly redeemer and lift him to her own level.

A person of genius should marry a person of character.  Genius does
not herd with genius.  The musk-deer and the civet-cat are never
found in company.  They don't care for strange scents,--they like
plain animals better than perfumed ones.  Nay, if you will have the
kindness to notice, Nature has not gifted my lady musk-deer with the
personal peculiarity by which her lord is so widely known.

Now when genius allies itself with character, the world is very apt
to think character has the best of the bargain.  A brilliant woman
marries a plain, manly fellow, with a simple intellectual
mechanism;--we have all seen such cases.  The world often stares a
good deal and wonders.  She should have taken that other, with a far
more complex mental machinery.  She might have had a watch with the
philosophical compensation-balance, with the metaphysical index
which can split a second into tenths, with the musical chime which
can turn every quarter of an hour into melody.  She has chosen a
plain one, that keeps good time, and that is all.

Let her alone!  She knows what she is about.  Genius has an
infinitely deeper reverence for character than character can have
for genius.  To be sure, genius gets the world's praise, because its
work is a tangible product, to be bought, or had for nothing.  It
bribes the common voice to praise it by presents of speeches, poems,
statues, pictures, or whatever it can please with.  Character
evolves its best products for home consumption; but, mind you, it
takes a deal more to feed a family for thirty years than to make a
holiday feast for our neighbors once or twice in our lives.  You
talk of the fire of genius.  Many a blessed woman, who dies unsung
and unremembered, has given out more of the real vital heat that
keeps the life in human souls, without a spark flitting through her
humble chimney to tell the world about it, than would set a dozen
theories smoking, or a hundred odes simmering, in the brains of so
many men of genius.  It is in latent caloric, if I may borrow a
philosophical expression, that many of the noblest hearts give out
the life that warms them.  Cornelia's lips grow white, and her pulse
hardly warms her thin fingers,--but she has melted all the ice out
of the hearts of those young Gracchi, and her lost heat is in the
blood of her youthful heroes.  We are always valuing the soul's
temperature by the thermometer of public deed or word.  Yet the
great sun himself, when he pours his noonday beams upon some vast
hyaline boulder, rent from the eternal ice-quarries, and floating
toward the tropics, never warms it a fraction above the thirty-two
degrees of Fahrenheit that marked the moment when the first drop
trickled down its side.

How we all like the spirting up of a fountain, seemingly against the
law that makes water everywhere slide, roll, leap, tumble headlong,
to get as low as the earth will let it!  That is genius.  But what
is this transient upward movement, which gives us the glitter and
the rainbow, to that unsleeping, all-present force of gravity, the
same yesterday, to-day, and forever, (if the universe be eternal,)
--the great outspread hand of God himself, forcing all things down
into their places, and keeping them there?  Such, in smaller
proportion, is the force of character to the fitful movements of
genius, as they are or have been linked to each other in many a
household, where one name was historic, and the other, let me say
the nobler, unknown, save by some faint reflected ray, borrowed from
its lustrous companion.

Oftentimes, as I have lain swinging on the water, in the swell of
the Chelsea ferry-boats, in that long, sharp-pointed, black cradle
in which I love to let the great mother rock me, I have seen a tall
ship glide by against the tide, as if drawn by some invisible
towline, with a hundred strong arms pulling it.  Her sails hung
unfilled, her streamers were drooping, she had neither side-wheel
nor stern-wheel; still she moved on, stately, in serene triumph, as
if with her own life.  But I knew that on the other side of the
ship, hidden beneath the great hulk that swam so majestically, there
was a little toiling steam-tug, with heart of fire and arms of iron,
that was hugging it close and dragging it bravely on; and I knew,
that, if the little steam-tug untwined her arms and left the tall
ship, it would wallow and roll about, and drift hither and thither,
and go off with the refluent tide, no man knows whither.  And so I
have known more than one genius, high-decked, full-freighted, wide-
sailed, gay-pennoned, that, but for the bare toiling arms, and
brave, warm, beating heart of the faithful little wife, that nestled
close in his shadow, and clung to him, so that no wind or wave could
part them, and dragged him on against all the tide of circumstance,
would soon have gone down the stream and been heard of no more.
--No, I am too much a lover of genius, I sometimes think, and too
often get impatient with dull people, so that, in their weak talk,
where nothing is taken for granted, I look forward to some future
possible state of development, when a gesture passing between a
beatified human soul and an archangel shall signify as much as the
complete history of a planet, from the time when it curdled to the
time when its sun was burned out.  And yet, when a strong brain is
weighed with a true heart, it seems to me like balancing a bubble
against a wedge of gold.

--It takes a very true man to be a fitting companion for a woman of
genius, but not a very great one.  I am not sure that she will not
embroider her ideal better on a plain ground than on one with a
brilliant pattern already worked in its texture.  But as the very
essence of genius is truthfulness, contact with realities, (which
are always ideas behind shows of form or language,) nothing is so
contemptible as falsehood and pretence in its eyes.  Now it is not
easy to find a perfectly true woman, and it is very hard to find a
perfectly true man.  And a woman of genius, who has the sagacity to
choose such a one as her companion, shows more of the divine gift in
so doing than in her finest talk or her most brilliant work of
letters or of art.

I have been a good while coming at a secret, for which I wished to
prepare you before telling it.  I think there is a kindly feeling
growing up between Iris and our young Marylander.  Not that I
suppose there is any distinct understanding between them, but that
the affinity which has drawn him from the remote corner where he sat
to the side of the young girl is quietly bringing their two natures
together.  Just now she is all given up to another; but when he no
longer calls upon her daily thoughts and cares, I warn you not to be
surprised, if this bud of friendship open like the evening primrose,
with a sound as of a sudden stolen kiss, and lo! the flower of full-
blown love lies unfolded before you.

And now the days had come for our little friend, whose whims and
weaknesses had interested us, perhaps, as much as his better traits,
to make ready for that long journey which is easier to the cripple
than to the strong man, and on which none enters so willingly as he
who has borne the life-long load of infirmity during his earthly
pilgrimage.  At this point, under most circumstances, I would close
the doors and draw the veil of privacy before the chamber where the
birth which we call death, out of life into the unknown world, is
working its mystery.  But this friend of ours stood alone in the
world, and, as the last act of his life was mainly in harmony with
the rest of its drama, I do not here feel the force of the objection
commonly lying against that death-bed literature which forms the
staple of a certain portion of the press.  Let me explain what I
mean, so that my readers may think for themselves a little, before
they accuse me of hasty expressions.

The Roman Catholic Church has certain formulas for its dying
children, to which almost all of them attach the greatest
importance.  There is hardly a criminal so abandoned that he is not
anxious to receive the "consolations of religion" in his last hours.
Even if he be senseless, but still living, I think that the form is
gone through with, just as baptism is administered to the
unconscious new-born child.  Now we do not quarrel with these forms.
We look with reverence and affection upon all symbols which give
peace and comfort to our fellow-creatures.  But the value of the
new-born child's passive consent to the ceremony is null, as
testimony to the truth of a doctrine.  The automatic closing of a
dying man's lips on the consecrated wafer proves nothing in favor of
the Real Presence, or any other dogma.  And, speaking generally, the
evidence of dying men in favor of any belief is to be received with
great caution.

They commonly tell the truth about their present feelings, no doubt.
A dying man's deposition about anything he knows is good evidence.
But it is of much less consequence what a man thinks and says when
he is changed by pain, weakness, apprehension, than what he thinks
when he is truly and wholly himself.  Most murderers die in a very
pious frame of mind, expecting to go to glory at once; yet no man
believes he shall meet a larger average of pirates and cut-throats
in the streets of the New Jerusalem than of honest folks that died
in their beds.

Unfortunately, there has been a very great tendency to make capital
of various kinds out of dying men's speeches.  The lies that have
been put into their mouths for this purpose are endless.  The prime
minister, whose last breath was spent in scolding his nurse, dies
with a magnificent apothegm on his lips, manufactured by a reporter.
Addison gets up a tableau and utters an admirable sentiment,--or
somebody makes the posthumous dying epigram for him.  The incoherent
babble of green fields is translated into the language of stately
sentiment.  One would think, all that dying men had to do was to say
the prettiest thing they could,--to make their rhetorical point,--
and then bow themselves politely out of the world.

Worse than this is the torturing of dying people to get their
evidence in favor of this or that favorite belief.  The camp-
followers of proselyting sects have come in at the close of every
life where they could get in, to strip the languishing soul of its
thoughts, and carry them off as spoils.  The Roman Catholic or other
priest who insists on the reception of his formula means kindly, we
trust, and very commonly succeeds in getting the acquiescence of the
subject of his spiritual surgery, but do not let us take the
testimony of people who are in the worst condition to form opinions
as evidence of the truth or falsehood of that which they accept.  A
lame man's opinion of dancing is not good for much.  A poor fellow
who can neither eat nor drink, who is sleepless and full of pains,
whose flesh has wasted from him, whose blood is like water, who is
gasping for breath, is not in a condition to judge fairly of human
life, which in all its main adjustments is intended for men in a
normal, healthy condition.  It is a remark I have heard from the
wise Patriarch of the Medical Profession among us, that the moral
condition of patients with disease above the great breathing-muscle,
the diaphragm, is much more hopeful than that of patients with
disease below it, in the digestive organs.  Many an honest ignorant
man has given us pathology when he thought he was giving us
psychology.  With this preliminary caution I shall proceed to the
story of the Little Gentleman's leaving us.

When the divinity-student found that our fellow-boarder was not
likely to remain long with us, he, being a young man of tender
conscience and kindly nature, was not a little exercised on his
behalf.  It was undeniable that on several occasions the Little
Gentleman had expressed himself with a good deal of freedom on a
class of subjects which, according to the divinity-student, he had
no right to form an opinion upon.  He therefore considered his
future welfare in jeopardy.

The Muggletonian sect have a very odd way of dealing with people.
If I, the Professor, will only give in to the Muggletonian doctrine,
there shall be no question through all that persuasion that I am
competent to judge of that doctrine; nay, I shall be quoted as
evidence of its truth, while I live, and cited, after I am dead, as
testimony in its behalf.  But if I utter any ever so slight Anti-
Muggletonian sentiment, then I become incompetent to form any
opinion on the matter.  This, you cannot fail to observe, is exactly
the way the pseudo-sciences go to work, as explained in my Lecture
on Phrenology.  Now I hold that he whose testimony would be accepted
in behalf of the Muggletonian doctrine has a right to be heard
against it.  Whoso offers me any article of belief for my signature
implies that I am competent to form an opinion upon it; and if my
positive testimony in its favor is of any value, then my negative
testimony against it is also of value.

I thought my young friend's attitude was a little too much like that
of the Muggletonians.  I also remarked a singular timidity on his
part lest somebody should "unsettle" somebody's faith,--as if faith
did not require exercise as much as any other living thing, and were
not all the better for a shaking up now and then.  I don't mean that
it would be fair to bother Bridget, the wild Irish girl, or Joice
Heth, the centenarian, or any other intellectual non-combatant; but
all persons who proclaim a belief which passes judgment on their
neighbors must be ready to have it "unsettled," that is, questioned,
at all times and by anybody,--just as those who set up bars across a
thoroughfare must expect to have them taken down by every one who
wants to pass, if he is strong enough.

Besides, to think of trying to water-proof the American mind against
the questions that Heaven rains down upon it shows a misapprehension
of our new conditions.  If to question everything be unlawful and
dangerous, we had better undeclare our independence at once; for
what the Declaration means is the right to question everything, even
the truth of its own fundamental proposition.

The old-world order of things is an arrangement of locks and canals,
where everything depends on keeping the gates shut, and so holding
the upper waters at their level; but the system under which the
young republican American is born trusts the whole unimpeded tide of
life to the great elemental influences, as the vast rivers of the
continent settle their own level in obedience to the laws that
govern the planet and the spheres that surround it.

The divinity-student was not quite up to the idea of the
commonwealth, as our young friend the Marylander, for instance,
understood it.  He could not get rid of that notion of private
property in truth, with the right to fence it in, and put up a sign-
board, thus:

               ALL TRESPASSERS ARE WARNED OFF THESE
                              GROUNDS!

He took the young Marylander to task for going to the Church of the
Galileans, where he had several times accompanied Iris of late.

I am a Churchman,--the young man said,--by education and habit.  I
love my old Church for many reasons, but most of all because I think
it has educated me out of its own forms into the spirit of its
highest teachings.  I think I belong to the "Broad Church," if any
of you can tell what that means.

I had the rashness to attempt to answer the question myself.--Some
say the Broad Church means the collective mass of good people of all
denominations.  Others say that such a definition is nonsense; that
a church is an organization, and the scattered good folks are no
organization at all.  They think that men will eventually come
together on the basis of one or two or more common articles of
belief, and form a great unity.  Do they see what this amounts to?
It means an equal division of intellect!  It is mental agrarianism!
a thing that never was and never will be until national and
individual idiosyncrasies have ceased to exist.  The man of thirty-
nine beliefs holds the man of one belief a pauper; he is not going
to give up thirty-eight of them for the sake of fraternizing with
the other in the temple which bears on its front, "Deo erexit
Voltaire."  A church is a garden, I have heard it said, and the
illustration was neatly handled.  Yes, and there is no such thing as
a broad garden.  It must be fenced in, and whatever is fenced in is
narrow.  You cannot have arctic and tropical plants growing together
in it, except by the forcing system, which is a mighty narrow piece
of business.  You can't make a village or a parish or a family think
alike, yet you suppose that you can make a world pinch its beliefs
or pad them to a single pattern!  Why, the very life of an
ecclesiastical organization is a life of induction, a state of
perpetually disturbed equilibrium kept up by another charged body in
the neighborhood.  If the two bodies touch and share their
respective charges, down goes the index of the electrometer!

Do you know that every man has a religious belief peculiar to
himself?  Smith is always a Smithite.  He takes in exactly Smith's-
worth of knowledge, Smith's-worth of truth, of beauty, of divinity.
And Brown has from time immemorial been trying to burn him, to
excommunicate him, to anonymous-article him, because he did not take
in Brown's-worth of knowledge, truth, beauty, divinity.  He cannot
do it, any more than a pint-pot can hold a quart, or a quart-pot be
filled by a pint.  Iron is essentially the same everywhere and
always; but the sulphate of iron is never the same as the carbonate
of iron.  Truth is invariable; but the Smithate of truth must always
differ from the Brownate of truth.

The wider the intellect, the larger and simpler the expressions in
which its knowledge is embodied.  The inferior race, the degraded
and enslaved people, the small-minded individual, live in the
details which to larger minds and more advanced tribes of men reduce
themselves to axioms and laws.  As races and individual minds must
always differ just as sulphates and carbonates do, I cannot see
ground for expecting the Broad Church to be founded on any fusion of
intellectual beliefs, which of course implies that those who hold
the larger number of doctrines as essential shall come down to those
who hold the smaller number.  These doctrines are to the negative
aristocracy what the quarterings of their coats are to the positive
orders of nobility.

The Broad Church, I think, will never be based on anything that
requires the use of language. Freemasonry gives an idea of such a
church, and a brother is known and cared for in a strange land where
no word of his can be understood.  The apostle of this church may be
a deaf mute carrying a cup of cold water to a thirsting
fellow-creature.  The cup of cold water does not require to be
translated for a foreigner to understand it.  I am afraid the only
Broad Church possible is one that has its creed in the heart, and
not in the head,--that we shall know its members by their fruits,
and not by their words.  If you say this communion of well-doers is
no church, I can only answer, that all organized bodies have their
limits of size, and that when we find a man a hundred feet high and
thirty feet broad across the shoulders, we will look out for an
organization that shall include all Christendom.

Some of us do practically recognize a Broad Church and a Narrow
Church, however.  The Narrow Church may be seen in the ship's boats
of humanity, in the long boat, in the jolly boat, in the captain's
gig, lying off the poor old vessel, thanking God that they are safe,
and reckoning how soon the hulk containing the mass of their
fellow-creatures will go down.  The Broad Church is on board,
working hard at the pumps, and very slow to believe that the ship
will be swallowed up with so many poor people in it, fastened down
under the hatches ever since it floated.

--All this, of course, was nothing but my poor notion about these
matters. I am simply an "outsider," you know; only it doesn't do
very well for a nest of Hingham boxes to talk too much about
outsiders and insiders!

After this talk of ours, I think these two young people went pretty
regularly to the Church of the Galileans.  Still they could not keep
away from the sweet harmonies and rhythmic litanies of Saint
Polycarp on the great Church festival-days; so that, between the
two, they were so much together, that the boarders began to make
remarks, and our landlady said to me, one day, that, though it was
noon of her business, them that had eyes couldn't help seein' that
there was somethin' goin', on between them two young people; she
thought the young man was a very likely young man, though jest what
his prospecs was was unbeknown to her; but she thought he must be
doing well, and rather guessed he would be able to take care of a
femily, if he didn't go to takin' a house; for a gentleman and his
wife could board a great deal cheaper than they could keep house;
--but then that girl was nothin' but a child, and wouldn't think of
bein' married this five year.  They was good boarders, both of 'em,
paid regular, and was as pooty a couple as she ever laid eyes on.

--To come back to what I began to speak of before, -the divinity-
student was exercised in his mind about the Little Gentleman, and,
in the kindness of his heart,--for he was a good young man,--and in
the strength of his convictions,--for he took it for granted that he
and his crowd were right, and other folks and their crowd were
wrong,--he determined to bring the Little Gentleman round to his
faith before he died, if he could.  So he sent word to the sick man,
that he should be pleased to visit him and have some conversation
with him; and received for answer that he would be welcome.

The divinity-student made him a visit, therefore and had a somewhat
remarkable interview with him, which I shall briefly relate, without
attempting to justify the positions taken by the Little Gentleman.
He found him weak, but calm.  Iris sat silent by his pillow.

After the usual preliminaries, the divinity-student said; in a kind
way, that he was sorry to find him in failing health, that he felt
concerned for his soul, and was anxious to assist him in making
preparations for the great change awaiting him.

I thank you, Sir,--said the Little Gentleman, permit me to ask you,
what makes you think I am not ready for it, Sir, and that you can do
anything to help me, Sir?

I address you only as a fellow-man,--said the divinity-student,--and
therefore a fellow-sinner.

I am not a man, Sir!--said the Little Gentleman.--I was born into
this world the wreck of a man, and I shall not be judged with a race
to which I do not belong.  Look at this!--he said, and held up his
withered arm.--See there!--and he pointed to his misshapen
extremities.--Lay your hand here!--and he laid his own on the
region of his misplaced heart.--I have known nothing of the life of
your race.  When I first came to my consciousness, I found myself an
object of pity, or a sight to show.  The first strange child I ever
remember hid its face and would not come near me.  I was a broken-
hearted as well as broken-bodied boy.  I grew into the emotions of
ripening youth, and all that I could have loved shrank from my
presence.  I became a man in years, and had nothing in common with
manhood but its longings.  My life is the dying pang of a worn-out
race, and I shall go down alone into the dust, out of this world of
men and women, without ever knowing the fellowship of the one or the
love of the other.  I will not die with a lie rattling in my throat.
If another state of being has anything worse in store for me, I have
had a long apprenticeship to give me strength that I may bear it.  I
don't believe it, Sir!  I have too much faith for that.  God has not
left me wholly without comfort, even here.  I love this old place
where I was born;--the heart of the world beats under the three
hills of Boston, Sir!  I love this great land, with so many tall men
in it, and so many good, noble women.--His eyes turned to the
silent figure by his pillow.--I have learned to accept meekly what
has been allotted to me, but I cannot honestly say that I think my
sin has been greater than my suffering.  I bear the ignorance and
the evil-doing of whole generations in my single person.  I never
drew a breath of air nor took a step that was not a punishment for
another's fault.  I may have had many wrong thoughts, but I cannot
have done many wrong deeds,--for my cage has been a narrow one, and
I have paced it alone.  I have looked through the bars and seen the
great world of men busy and happy, but I had no part in their
doings.  I have known what it was to dream of the great passions;
but since my mother kissed me before she died, no woman's lips have
pressed my cheek,--nor ever will.

--The young girl's eyes glittered with a sudden film, and almost
without a thought, but with a warm human instinct that rushed up
into her face with her heart's blood, she bent over and kissed him.
It was the sacrament that washed out the memory of long years of
bitterness, and I should hold it an unworthy thought to defend her.
The Little Gentleman repaid her with the only tear any of us ever
saw him shed.

The divinity-student rose from his place, and, turning away from the
sick man, walked to the other side of the room, where he bowed his
head and was still.  All the questions he had meant to ask had faded
from his memory.  The tests he had.  prepared by which to judge of
his fellow-creature's fitness for heaven seemed to have lost their
virtue.  He could trust the crippled child of sorrow to the Infinite
Parent.  The kiss of the fair-haired girl had been like a sign from
heaven, that angels watched over him whom he was presuming but a
moment before to summon before the tribunal of his private judgment.
Shall I pray with you?--he said, after a pause.  A little before he
would have said, Shall I pray for you?--The Christian religion, as
taught by its Founder, is full of sentiment.  So we must not blame
the divinity-student, if he was overcome by those yearnings of human
sympathy which predominate so much more in the sermons of the Master
than in the writings of his successors, and which have made the
parable of the Prodigal Son the consolation of mankind, as it has
been the stumbling-block of all exclusive doctrines.

Pray!--said the Little Gentleman.

The divinity-student prayed, in low, tender tones,

Iris and the Little Gentleman that God would look on his servant
lying helpless at the feet of his mercy; that He would remember his
long years of bondage in the flesh; that He would deal gently with
the bruised reed.  Thou hast visited the sins of the fathers upon
this their child.  Oh, turn away from him the penalties of his own
transgressions!  Thou hast laid upon him, from infancy, the cross
which thy stronger children are called upon to take up; and now that
he is fainting under it, be Thou his stay, and do Thou succor him
that is tempted!  Let his manifold infirmities come between him and
Thy judgment; in wrath remember mercy!  If his eyes are not opened
to all Thy truth, let Thy compassion lighten the darkness that rests
upon him, even as it came through the word of thy Son to blind
Bartimeus, who sat by the wayside, begging!

Many more petitions he uttered, but all in the same subdued tone of
tenderness.  In the presence of helpless suffering, and in the fast-
darkening shadow of the Destroyer, he forgot all but his Christian
humanity, and cared more about consoling his fellow-man than making
a proselyte of him.

This was the last prayer to which the Little Gentleman ever
listened.  Some change was rapidly coming over him during this last
hour of which I have been speaking.  The excitement of pleading his
cause before his self-elected spiritual adviser,--the emotion which
overcame him, when the young girl obeyed the sudden impulse of her
feelings and pressed her lips to his cheek,--the thoughts that
mastered him while the divinity-student poured out his soul for him
in prayer, might well hurry on the inevitable moment.  When the
divinity-student had uttered his last petition, commending him to
the Father through his Son's intercession, he turned to look upon
him before leaving his chamber.  His face was changed.--There is a
language of the human countenance which we all understand without an
interpreter, though the lineaments belong to the rudest savage that
ever stammered in an unknown barbaric dialect.  By the stillness of
the sharpened features, by the blankness of the tearless eyes, by
the fixedness of the smileless mouth, by the deadening tints, by the
contracted brow, by the dilating nostril, we know that the soul is
soon to leave its mortal tenement, and is already closing up its
windows and putting out its fires.--Such was the aspect of the face
upon which the divinity-student looked, after the brief silence
which followed his prayer.  The change had been rapid, though not
that abrupt one which is liable to happen at any moment in these
cases.--The sick man looked towards him.--Farewell,--he said,--I
thank you.  Leave me alone with her.

When the divinity-student had gone, and the Little Gentleman found
himself alone with Iris, he lifted his hand to his neck, and took
from it, suspended by a slender chain, a quaint, antique-looking
key,--the same key I had once seen him holding.  He gave this to
her, and pointed to a carved cabinet opposite his bed, one of those
that had so attracted my curious eyes and set me wondering as to
what it might contain.

Open it,--he said,--and light the lamp.--The young girl walked to
the cabinet and unlocked the door.  A deep recess appeared, lined
with black velvet, against which stood in white relief an ivory
crucifix.  A silver lamp hung over it.  She lighted the lamp and
came back to the bedside.  The dying man fixed his eyes upon the
figure of the dying Saviour.--Give me your hand, he said; and Iris
placed her right hand in his left.  So they remained, until
presently his eyes lost their meaning, though they still remained
vacantly fixed upon the white image.  Yet he held the young girl's
hand firmly, as if it were leading him through some deep-shadowed
valley and it was all he could cling to.  But presently an
involuntary muscular contraction stole over him, and his terrible
dying grasp held the poor girl as if she were wedged in an engine of
torture.  She pressed her lips together and sat still.  The
inexorable hand held her tighter and tighter, until she felt as if
her own slender fingers would be crushed in its gripe.  It was one
of the tortures of the Inquisition she was suffering, and she could
not stir from her place.  Then, in her great anguish, she, too, cast
her eyes upon that dying figure, and, looking upon its pierced hands
and feet and side and lacerated forehead, she felt that she also
must suffer uncomplaining.  In the moment of her sharpest pain she
did not forget the duties of her under office, but dried the dying
man's moist forehead with her handkerchief, even while the dews of
agony were glistening on her own.  How long this lasted she never
could tell.  Time and thirst are two things you and I talk about;
but the victims whom holy men and righteous judges used to stretch
on their engines knew better what they meant than you or I!--What
is that great bucket of water for?  said the Marchioness de
Brinvilliers, before she was placed on the rack.--For you to
drink,--said the torturer to the little woman.--She could not think
that it would take such a flood to quench the fire in her and so
keep her alive for her confession.  The torturer knew better than
she.

After a time not to be counted in minutes, as the clock measures,--
without any warning,--there came a swift change of his features; his
face turned white, as the waters whiten when a sudden breath passes
over their still surface; the muscles instantly relaxed, and Iris,
released at once from her care for the sufferer and from his
unconscious grasp, fell senseless, with a feeble cry,--the only
utterance of her long agony.

Perhaps you sometimes wander in through the iron gates of the Copp's
Hill burial-ground.  You love to stroll round among the graves that
crowd each other in the thickly peopled soil of that breezy summit.
You love to lean on the freestone slab which lies over the bones of
the Mathers,--to read the epitaph of stout William Clark, "Despiser
of Sorry Persons and little Actions,"--to stand by the stone grave
of sturdy Daniel Malcolm and look upon the splintered slab that
tells the old rebel's story,--to kneel by the triple stone that says
how the three Worthylakes, father, mother, and young daughter, died
on the same day and lie buried there; a mystery; the subject of a
moving ballad, by the late BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, as may be seen in his
autobiography, which will explain the secret of the triple
gravestone; though the old philosopher has made a mistake, unless
the stone is wrong.

Not very far from that you will find a fair mound, of dimensions fit
to hold a well-grown man.  I will not tell you the inscription upon
the stone which stands at its head; for I do not wish you to be sure
of the resting-place of one who could not bear to think that he
should be known as a cripple among the dead, after being pointed at
so long among the living.  There is one sign, it is true, by which,
if you have been a sagacious reader of these papers, you will at
once know it; but I fear you read carelessly, and must study them
more diligently before you will detect the hint to which I allude.

The Little Gentleman lies where he longed to lie, among the old
names and the old bones of the old Boston people.  At the foot of
his resting-place is the river, alive with the wings and antennae of
its colossal water-insects; over opposite are the great war-ships,
and the heavy guns, which, when they roar, shake the soil in which
he lies; and in the steeple of Christ Church, hard by, are the sweet
chimes which are the Boston boy's Ranz des Vaches, whose echoes
follow him all the world over.


                         In Pace!

I, told you a good while ago that the Little Gentleman could not do
a better thing than to leave all his money, whatever it might be, to
the young girl who has since that established such a claim upon him.
He did not, however.  A considerable bequest to one of our public
institutions keeps his name in grateful remembrance.  The telescope
through which he was fond of watching the heavenly bodies, and the
movements of which had been the source of such odd fancies on my
part, is now the property of a Western College.  You smile as you
think of my taking it for a fleshless human figure, when I saw its
tube pointing to the sky, and thought it was an arm, under the white
drapery thrown over it for protection.  So do I smile now; I belong
to the numerous class who are prophets after the fact, and hold my
nightmares very cheap by daylight

I have received many letters of inquiry as to the sound resembling a
woman's voice, which occasioned me so many perplexities.  Some
thought there was no question that he had a second apartment, in
which he had made an asylum for a deranged female relative.  Others
were of opinion that he was, as I once suggested, a "Bluebeard" with
patriarchal tendencies, and I have even been censured for
introducing so Oriental an element into my record of boarding-house
experience.

Come in and see me, the Professor, some evening when I have nothing
else to do, and ask me to play you Tartini's Devil's Sonata on that
extraordinary instrument in my possession, well known to amateurs as
one of the masterpieces of Joseph Guarnerius.  The vox humana of the
great Haerlem organ is very lifelike, and the same stop in the organ
of the Cambridge chapel might be mistaken in some of its tones for a
human voice; but I think you never heard anything come so near the
cry of a prima donna as the A string and the E string of this
instrument.  A single fact will illustrate the resemblance.  I was
executing some tours de force upon it one evening, when the
policeman of our district rang the bell sharply, and asked what was
the matter in the house.  He had heard a woman's screams,--he was
sure of it.  I had to make the instrument sing before his eyes
before he could be satisfied that he had not heard the cries of a
woman.  The instrument was bequeathed to me by the Little Gentleman.
Whether it had anything to do with the sounds I heard coming from
his chamber, you can form your own opinion;--I have no other
conjecture to offer.  It is not true that a second apartment with a
secret entrance was found; and the story of the veiled lady is the
invention of one of the Reporters.

Bridget, the housemaid, always insisted that he died a Catholic.
She had seen the crucifix, and believed that he prayed on his knees
before it.  The last circumstance is very probably true; indeed,
there was a spot worn on the carpet just before this cabinet which
might be thus accounted for.  Why he, whose whole life was a
crucifixion, should not love to look on that divine image of
blameless suffering, I cannot see; on the contrary, it seems to me
the most natural thing in the world that he should.  But there are
those who want to make private property of everything, and can't
make up their minds that people who don't think as they do should
claim any interest in that infinite compassion expressed in the
central figure of the Christendom which includes us all.

The divinity-student expressed a hope before the boarders that he
should meet him in heaven.--The question is, whether he'll meet
you,--said the young fellow John, rather smartly.  The divinity-
student had n't thought of that.

However, he is a worthy young man, and I trust I have shown him in a
kindly and respectful light.  He will get a parish by-and-by; and,
as he is about to marry the sister of an old friend,--the
Schoolmistress, whom some of us remember,--and as all sorts of
expensive accidents happen to young married ministers, he will be
under bonds to the amount of his salary, which means starvation, if
they are forfeited, to think all his days as he thought when he was
settled,--unless the majority of his people change with him or in
advance of him.  A hard ease, to which nothing could reconcile a
man, except that the faithful discharge of daily duties in his
personal relations with his parishioners will make him useful enough
in his way, though as a thinker he may cease to exist before he has
reached middle age.

--Iris went into mourning for the Little Gentleman.  Although, as I
have said, he left the bulk of his property, by will, to a public
institution, he added a codicil, by which he disposed of various
pieces of property as tokens of kind remembrance.  It was in this
way I became the possessor of the wonderful instrument I have spoken
of, which had been purchased for him out of an Italian convent.  The
landlady was comforted with a small legacy.  The following extract
relates to Iris: "in consideration of her manifold acts of
kindness, but only in token of grateful remembrance, and by no means
as a reward for services which cannot be compensated, a certain
messuage, with all the land thereto appertaining, situated in ______
Street, at the North End, so called, of Boston, aforesaid, the same
being the house in which I was born, but now inhabited by several
families, and known as 'The Rookery.'" Iris had also the crucifix,
the portrait, and the red-jewelled ring.  The funeral or death's-
head ring was buried with him.

It was a good while, after the Little Gentleman was gone, before our
boarding-house recovered its wonted cheerfulness.  There was a
flavor in his whims and local prejudices that we liked, even while
we smiled at them.  It was hard to see the tall chair thrust away
among useless lumber, to dismantle his room, to take down the
picture of Leah, the handsome Witch of Essex, to move away the
massive shelves that held the books he loved, to pack up the tube
through which he used to study the silent stars, looking down at him
like the eyes of dumb creatures, with a kind of stupid half-
consciousness that did not worry him as did the eyes of men and
women,--and hardest of all to displace that sacred figure to which
his heart had always turned and found refuge, in the feelings it
inspired, from all the perplexities of his busy brain.  It was hard,
but it had to be done.

And by-and-by we grew cheerful again, and the breakfast-table wore
something of its old look.  The Koh-i-noor, as we named the
gentleman with the diamond, left us, however, soon after that
"little mill," as the young fellow John called it, where he came off
second best.  His departure was no doubt hastened by a note from the
landlady's daughter, inclosing a lock of purple hair which she "had
valued as a pledge of affection, ere she knew the hollowness of the
vows he had breathed," speedily followed by another, inclosing the
landlady's bill.  The next morning he was missing, as were his
limited wardrobe and the trunk that held it.  Three empty bottles of
Mrs. Allen's celebrated preparation, each of them asserting, on its
word of honor as a bottle, that its former contents were "not a
dye," were all that was left to us of the Koh-i-noor.

From this time forward, the landlady's daughter manifested a decided
improvement in her style of carrying herself before the boarders.
She abolished the odious little flat, gummy side-curl.  She left off
various articles of "jewelry."  She began to help her mother in some
of her household duties.  She became a regular attendant on the
ministrations of a very worthy clergyman, having been attracted to
his meetin' by witnessing a marriage ceremony in which he called a
man and a woman a "gentleman" and a "lady,"--a stroke of gentility
which quite overcame her.  She even took a part in what she called a
Sabbath school, though it was held on Sunday, and by no means on
Saturday, as the name she intended to utter implied.  All this,
which was very sincere, as I believe, on her part, and attended with
a great improvement in her character, ended in her bringing home a
young man, with straight, sandy hair, brushed so as to stand up
steeply above his forehead, wearing a pair of green spectacles, and
dressed in black broadcloth.  His personal aspect, and a certain
solemnity of countenance, led me to think he must be a clergyman;
and as Master Benjamin Franklin blurted out before several of us
boarders, one day, that "Sis had got a beau," I was pleased at the
prospect of her becoming a minister's wife.  On inquiry, however, I
found that the somewhat solemn look which I had noticed was indeed a
professional one, but not clerical.  He was a young undertaker, who
had just succeeded to a thriving business.  Things, I believe, are
going on well at this time of writing, and I am glad for the
landlady's daughter and her mother.  Sextons and undertakers are the
cheerfullest people in the world at home, as comedians and circus-
clowns are the most melancholy in their domestic circle.

As our old boarding-house is still in existence, I do not feel at
liberty to give too minute a statement of the present condition of
each and all of its inmates.  I am happy to say, however, that they
are all alive and well, up to this time.  That amiable old gentleman
who sat opposite to me is growing older, as old men will, but still
smiles benignantly on all the boarders, and has come to be a kind of
father to all of them,--so that on his birthday there is always
something like a family festival.  The Poor Relation, even, has
warmed into a filial feeling towards him, and on his last birthday
made him a beautiful present, namely, a very handsomely bound copy
of Blair's celebrated poem, "The Grave."

The young man John is still, as he says, "in fustrate fettle."  I
saw him spar, not long since, at a private exhibition, and do
himself great credit in a set-to with Henry Finnegass, Esq., a
professional gentleman of celebrity.  I am pleased to say that he
has been promoted to an upper clerkship, and, in consequence of his
rise in office, has taken an apartment somewhat lower down than
number "forty-'leven," as he facetiously called his attic.  Whether
there is any truth, or not, in the story of his attachment to, and
favorable reception by, the daughter of the head of an extensive
wholesale grocer's establishment, I will not venture an opinion; I
may say, however, that I have met him repeatedly in company with a
very well-nourished and high-colored young lady, who, I understand,
is the daughter of the house in question.

Some of the boarders were of opinion that Iris did not return the
undisguised attentions of the handsome young Marylander.  Instead of
fixing her eyes steadily on him, as she used to look upon the Little
Gentleman, she would turn them away, as if to avoid his own.  They
often went to church together, it is true; but nobody, of course,
supposes there is any relation between religious sympathy and those
wretched "sentimental" movements of the human heart upon which it is
commonly agreed that nothing better is based than society,
civilization, friendship, the relation of husband and wife, and of
parent and child, and which many people must think were singularly
overrated by the Teacher of Nazareth, whose whole life, as I said
before, was full of sentiment, loving this or that young man,
pardoning this or that sinner, weeping over the dead, mourning for
the doomed city, blessing, and perhaps kissing, the little children,
so that the Gospels are still cried over almost as often as the last
work of fiction!

But one fine June morning there rumbled up to the door of our
boarding-house a hack containing a lady inside and a trunk on the
outside.  It was our friend the lady-patroness of Miss Iris, the
same who had been called by her admiring pastor "The Model of all
the Virtues."  Once a week she had written a letter, in a rather
formal hand, but full of good advice, to her young charge.  And now
she had come to carry her away, thinking that she had learned all
she was likely to learn under her present course of teaching.  The
Model, however, was to stay awhile,--a week, or more,--before they
should leave together.

Iris was obedient, as she was bound to be.  She was respectful,
grateful, as a child is with a just, but not tender parent.  Yet
something was wrong.  She had one of her trances, and became statue-
like, as before, only the day after the Model's arrival.  She was
wan and silent, tasted nothing at table, smiled as if by a forced
effort, and often looked vaguely away from those who were looking at
her, her eyes just glazed with the shining moisture of a tear that
must not be allowed to gather and fall.  Was it grief at parting
from the place where her strange friendship had grown up with the
Little Gentleman?  Yet she seemed to have become reconciled to his
loss, and rather to have a deep feeling of gratitude that she had
been permitted to care for him in his last weary days.

The Sunday after the Model's arrival, that lady had an attack of
headache, and was obliged to shut herself up in a darkened room
alone.  Our two young friends took the opportunity to go together to
the Church of the Galileans.  They said but little going,--
"collecting their thoughts" for the service, I devoutly hope.  My
kind good friend the pastor preached that day one of his sermons
that make us all feel like brothers and sisters, and his text was
that affectionate one from John, "My little children, let us not
love in word, neither in tongue, but in deed and in truth."  When
Iris and her friend came out of church, they were both pale, and
walked a space without speaking.

At last the young man said,--You and I are not little children,
Iris!

She looked in his face an instant, as if startled, for there was
something strange in the tone of his voice.  She smiled faintly, but
spoke never a word.

In deed and in truth, Iris,----

What shall a poor girl say or do, when a strong man falters in his
speech before her, and can do nothing better than hold out his hand
to finish his broken sentence?

The poor girl said nothing, but quietly laid her ungloved hand in
his,--the little soft white hand which had ministered so tenderly
and suffered so patiently.

The blood came back to the young man's cheeks, as he lifted it to
his lips, even as they walked there in the street, touched it gently
with them, and said, "It is mine!"

Iris did not contradict him.

The seasons pass by so rapidly, that I am startled to think how much
has happened since these events I was describing.  Those two young
people would insist on having their own way about their own affairs,
notwithstanding the good lady, so justly called the Model, insisted
that the age of twenty-five years was as early as any discreet young
lady should think of incurring the responsibilities, etc., etc.
Long before Iris had reached that age, she was the wife of a young
Maryland engineer, directing some of the vast constructions of his
native State,--where he was growing rich fast enough to be able to
decline that famous Russian offer which would have made him a kind
of nabob in a few years.  Iris does not write verse often, nowadays,
but she sometimes draws.  The last sketch of hers I have seen in my
Southern visits was of two children, a boy and girl, the youngest
holding a silver goblet, like the one she held that evening when I--
I was so struck with her statue-like beauty.  If in the later,
summer months you find the grass marked with footsteps around that
grave on Copp's Hill I told you of, and flowers scattered over it,
you may be sure that Iris is here on her annual visit to the home of
her childhood and that excellent lady whose only fault was, that
Nature had written out her list of virtues an ruled paper, and
forgotten to rub out the lines.

One thing more I must mention.  Being on the Common, last Sunday, I
was attracted by the cheerful spectacle of a well-dressed and
somewhat youthful papa wheeling a very elegant little carriage
containing a stout baby.  A buxom young lady watched them from one
of the stone seats, with an interest which could be nothing less
than maternal.  I at once recognized my old friend, the young fellow
whom we called John.  He was delighted to see me, introduced me to
"Madam," and would have the lusty infant out of the carriage, and
hold him up for me to look at.

Now, then,--he said to the two-year-old,--show the gentleman how you
hit from the shoulder.  Whereupon the little imp pushed his fat fist
straight into my eye, to his father's intense satisfaction.

Fust-rate little chap,--said the papa.--Chip of the old block.
Regl'r little Johnny, you know.

I was so much pleased to find the young fellow settled in life, and
pushing about one of "them little articles" he had seemed to want so
much, that I took my "punishment" at the hands of the infant
pugilist with great equanimity.--And how is the old boarding-
house?--I asked.

A 1,--he answered.--Painted and papered as good as new.  Gabs in
all the rooms up to the skyparlors.  Old woman's layin' up money,
they say.  Means to send Ben Franklin to college.  Just then the
first bell rang for church, and my friend, who, I understand, has
become a most exemplary member of society, said he must be off to
get ready for meetin', and told the young one to "shake dada," which
he did with his closed fist, in a somewhat menacing manner.  And so
the young man John, as we used to call him, took the pole of the
miniature carriage, and pushed the small pugilist before him
homewards, followed, in a somewhat leisurely way, by his pleasant-
looking lady-companion, and I sent a sigh and a smile after him.

That evening, as soon as it was dark, I could not help going round
by the old boarding-house.  The "gahs" was lighted, but the
curtains, or more properly, the painted shades; were not down.  And
so I stood there and looked in along the table where the boarders
sat at the evening meal,--our old breakfast-table, which some of us
feel as if we knew so well.  There were new faces at it, but also
old and familiar ones.--The landlady, in a wonderfully smart cap,
looking young, comparatively speaking, and as if half the wrinkles
had been ironed out of her forehead.--Her daughter, in rather
dressy half-mourning, with a vast brooch of jet, got up, apparently,
to match the gentleman next her, who was in black costume and sandy
hair,--the last rising straight from his forehead, like the marble
flame one sometimes sees at the top of a funeral urn.--The Poor
Relation, not in absolute black, but in a stuff with specks of
white; as much as to say, that, if there were any more Hirams left
to sigh for her, there were pin-holes in the night of her despair,
through which a ray of hope might find its way to an adorer.
--Master Benjamin Franklin, grown taller of late, was in the act of
splitting his face open with a wedge of pie, so that his features
were seen to disadvantage for the moment.--The good old gentleman
was sitting still and thoughtful.  All at once he turned his face
toward the window where I stood, and, just as if he had seen me,
smiled his benignant smile.  It was a recollection of some past
pleasant moment; but it fell upon me like the blessing of a father.

I kissed my hand to them all, unseen as I stood in the outer
darkness; and as I turned and went my way, the table and all around
it faded into the realm of twilight shadows and of midnight dreams.

                   ---------------------

And so my year's record is finished. The Professor has talked less
than his predecessor, but he has heard and seen more.  Thanks to all
those friends who from time to time have sent their messages of
kindly recognition and fellow-feeling!  Peace to all such as may
have been vexed in spirit by any utterance these pages have
repeated!  They will, doubtless, forget for the moment the
difference in the hues of truth we look at through our human prisms,
and join in singing (inwardly) this hymn to the Source of the light
we all need to lead us, and the warmth which alone can make us all
brothers.


          A SUN-DAY HYMN.

Lord of all being! throned afar,
Thy glory flames from sun and star,
Centre and soul of every sphere,
Yet to each loving heart how near!

Sun of our life, thy quickening ray
Sheds on our path the glow of day;
Star of our hope, thy softened light
Cheers the long watches of the night.

Our midnight is thy smile withdrawn;
Our noontide is thy gracious dawn;
Our rainbow arch thy mercy's sign;
All, save the clouds of sin, are thine!

Lord of all life, below, above,
Whose light is truth, whose warmth is love,
Before thy ever-blazing throne
We ask no lustre of our own.

Grant us thy truth to make us free,
And kindling hearts that burn for thee,
Till all thy living altars claim
One holy light, one heavenly flame.





End of The Project Gutenberg Etext The Professor at the Breakfast Table

