    The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Journal of the American-Irish
    Historical Society (Vol. I), by Various

    This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
    almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
    re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
    with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license

    Title: The Journal of the American-Irish Historical Society (Vol. I)

    Author: Various

    Editor: Thomas Hamilton Murray
            Thomas Bonaventure  Lawler

    Release Date: December 27, 2017 [EBook #56261]

    Language: English

    Character set encoding: UTF-8

    *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN-IRISH HISTORICAL SOCIETY (VOL. I) ***

    Produced by Larry B. Harrison and the Online Distributed
    Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This book was
    produced from images made available by the HathiTrust
    Digital Library.)

Transcriber’s Note:

The cover image was created by the transcriber and is placed in the public domain.

REAR-ADMIRAL RICHARD WORSAM MEADE
First President-General

# THE JOURNAL
OF THE
AMERICAN-IRISH
Historical Society

EDITED BY
THOMAS HAMILTON MURRAY
Secretary-General
AND
THOMAS BONAVENTURE LAWLER
Librarian-Archivist
VOLUME I
BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS
MDCCCXCVIII

1

## AMERICAN-IRISH HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

The American-Irish Historical Society was founded, as its constitution declares, for “the study of American history generally; to investigate specially the immigration of the people of Ireland to this country, determine its numbers, examine the sources, learn the places of its settlement; to examine records of every character wherever found; to endeavor to correct erroneous, distorted, and false views of history in relation to the Irish race in America; to encourage and assist the formation of local societies; to promote and foster an honorable and national spirit of patriotism; to place the result of its historical investigations and researches in acceptable literary form; to print, publish, and distribute its documents; to sift and discriminate every paper, sketch, document bearing on the society’s line of work, before the same is accepted and given official sanction.” The work was inaugurated by the issuance of the following invitation to prominent men throughout the country:

A Call for the Organization of an American Historical Society whose Special Line of Research shall be the History of the Irish Element in the Composition of the American People.

Dear Sir,—A number of gentlemen, interested in the part taken in American history by people of Irish birth or lineage, are about to organize themselves into an historical society for the purpose of investigating and recording the influence of that element in the up-building of the nation.

People of Irish blood have been coming to this continent, voluntarily and otherwise, since the date of its earliest settlement. While they have been a valuable addition to colony and republic in all 2departments of human activity, their work and contributions have received but scant recognition from chroniclers of American history.

Whether this omission springs from carelessness, ignorance, indifference, or design, is now of little moment. The fact that such a condition does exist makes it imperative that it should be remedied not only in the interest of historical truth, but of racial fair play. Certain elements in the make-up of the American people have not hesitated on occasion to masquerade, at the expense of the Irish, in borrowed plumes, and to pose under plundered laurels. It is the duty of honest historians to look after the rights of the lawful owners.

The history of Irish immigration to this country is of profound interest. The motive that inspired this sturdy people in coming to these shores was largely the one that animated and inspired all immigration—discontent with the existing home conditions, civil, religious, political, industrial, and the hope of living under better and nobler conditions here.

The American of English stock has his historical society; the descendants of the Dutch, Huguenot, and Spaniard have associations which specialize the historical work of the bodies they represent; and we feel that the story of the Irish element should be told before the mass of legend and fiction now flooding the country under misleading designations has completely submerged historic facts.

The work of our projected society will be influenced by no religious or political divisions, for with us the race stands first, its qualifying incidents afterwards. It matters little where the people came from, whether from the north, the south, the east, or the west of Ireland. It is of minor importance in what church they worshiped; we wish merely to concern ourselves with the work done by them here; to record the story of their settlement; to state the extent of their participation in the civil, military, and political activities of the land, and to try truthfully and fearlessly to record their achievements.

The society now in process of formation must, we believe, be made up of men who have the patience to search, the knowledge and wisdom to sift and discriminate, and the ability to place the results in acceptable literary form. Lastly, the character of the membership must be such that it will command the respect and attention of the community, so that its work will be accepted as having a definite historical value which can be used in general works treating of the growth of the republic by historians of a future date. This, in brief, is the project; it is ambitious, but it is 3worthy; it is absolutely necessary if the good name and influence of an essential, but much neglected, chapter in American history shall be perpetuated.

To place the Irish element in its true light in American history, to secure its correct perspective in relation to historic events on this soil, is the final aim of the new society. Its primal object will be to ascertain the facts, weigh them in relation to contemporary events, and estimate their historical value, avoiding in this process the exaggeration and extravagance of poorly informed writers on the one hand and the prejudice and misrepresentation of hostile writers on the other.

The organization will be constructed on a broad and liberal plan. It will be non-political, and no religious test will be required for admission to membership or the holding of office. Being an American organization in spirit and principle, the society will welcome to its ranks Americans of whatever race descent who evince an interest in the special line of research for which the society is organized.

Some of the projectors belong to other historical bodies, and it was at first believed that the work for which this new society is to be formed could better be done through the medium of those bodies and without the necessity of a separate organization. Experience, however, has led to the conclusion that this is not so. Hence the resolve to form a distinct body, with its own special object, program, and mode of procedure.

There is a place for such a society in the community; its purposes are honorable and useful, and its work should begin while yet documents, records, and historical material are available. We feel that such a work will be valuable not only to the Irish race, but to the American race also, to whose fiber this element has contributed its share.

We will be glad to have your good wishes and coöperation in the work.

The meeting for organizing the society will be held at the Revere House in Boston, Mass., on Wednesday, Jan. 20, 1897, at 6.30 P.M. Introductory to the proceedings, a dinner will be served.

Very respectfully,
John C. Linehan,
State Insurance Commissioner, Concord, N. H.
Joseph Smith,
Secretary, Board of Police, Lowell, Mass.
4 Robert Ellis Thompson,
President, Central High School, Philadelphia, Pa.
James Jeffrey Roche,
Editor, The Pilot, Boston, Mass.
Theodore Roosevelt,
New York City.
Thomas J. Gargan,
Boston, Mass.
Patrick Walsh,
Ex-U. S. Senator; publisher, The Chronicle, Augusta, Ga.
Thomas Hamilton Murray,
Editor, Daily Sun, Lawrence, Mass.
Thomas A. E. Weadock,
Member of the LII.d and of the LIII.d Congress, Detroit, Mich.
John J. Phelan,
Late Secretary of State, Connecticut, Bridgeport, Ct.
Edward A. Hall,
Member, Connecticut Valley Historical Society, Springfield, Mass.
Hugh J. Carroll,
Late a Member of the Rhode Island General Assembly; Ex-Mayor
of the city of Pawtucket, R. I.
J. D. O’Connell,
Bureau of Statistics, Treasury Department, Washington, D. C.
Walter Lecky,
Redwood, Jefferson County, N. Y.
J. W. Fogarty,
Assessors Department, City Hall, Boston, Mass.; Secretary,
Charitable Irish Society (instituted 1737).
Thomas Addis Emmet,
New York City.
Dennis Harvey Sheahan,
Ex-Reading Clerk, Rhode Island House of Representatives,
Providence, R. I.
M. J. Harson,
Founder, Phi Kappa Sigma, Brown University, Providence, R. I.
James R. O’Beirne,
Late Brevet Brigadier-General of Volunteers; Ex-Commander, U. S.
Medal of Honor Legion, New York City.
St. Clair A. Mulholland,
Brevet Major-General of Volunteers; commanded Fourth Brigade,
First Division, Second Corps, Philadelphia, Pa.
5 Rev. Thomas J. Conaty, D.D.,
Rector, Catholic University, Washington, D. C.
Rev. George C. Betts,
Rector, St. James Protestant Episcopal Church, Goshen, N. Y.
Rev. George W. Pepper,
(Methodist), Cleveland, Ohio.
Rev. Andrew Morrissey, C. S. C.,
President, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Ind.
Osborne Howes,
(Eighth American generation), Secretary, Board of Fire
Underwriters, Boston, Mass.
Henry Stoddard Ruggles,
(Ninth American generation), Member, Sons of the Revolution and
Sons of the American Revolution, Wakefield, Mass.
Henry G. Crowell,
(A descendant of David O’Killia, who was a settler in Plymouth
Colony as early as 1657), South Yarmouth, Mass.
Richard W. Meade,
Rear Admiral, U, S. N.
John Cochrane,
President of the N. Y. Society of the Cincinnati, New York City.
Matthew Calbraithe Butler,
Late a Senator of the United States, Edgefield, S. C.
Issued at Boston, Mass.,
Dec. 26, 1896.

In response to this call, fifty gentlemen met at the Revere House on Wednesday, January 20, and organized the American-Irish Historical Society by signing the following agreement:

“We, the undersigned, by our subscription herewith, agree with the other subscribers hereto to organize ourselves into a body to be known as the American-Irish Historical Society of the United States, whose object shall be the study of American history and whose special line of work shall be the history of the Irish element in the composition of the American people, and the investigation, record and publication of the influence of that element in the up-building of the nation.”

Thomas Hamilton Murray, Lawrence, Mass.
James Jeffrey Roche, Boston, Mass.
Joseph Smith, Lowell, Mass.
6 Edward A. Hall, Springfield, Mass.
Bernard E. Donigan, Lawrence, Mass.
Timothy P. Sullivan, Concord, N. H.
James F. Brennan, Peterboro, N. H.
Hugh J. Carroll, Pawtucket, R. I.
Bernard McCaughey, Pawtucket, R. I.
Edward F. Radikin, Pawtucket, R. I.
Peter J. Heffern, Pawtucket, R. I.
William Farrell, Pawtucket, R. I.
M. W. Kelliher, M. D., Pawtucket, R. I.
John C. Linehan, Penacook, N. H.
Rev. Timothy P. Linehan, Biddeford, Me.
Rev. M. H. Egan, Lebanon, N. H.
James Cunningham, Portland, Me.
M. A. Toland, Boston, Mass.
George H. Moses, Concord, N. H.
Thomas B. Smith, Lowell, Mass.
P. J. Flatley, Boston, Mass.
T. Carl O’Brien, Boston, Mass.
John A. O’Keefe, Lynn, Mass.
Daniel Donovan, Lynn, Mass.
W. J. Ahern, Concord, N. H.
David E. Murphy, Concord, N. H.
Michael J. McNeirny, Gloucester, Mass.
Jas. H. Carmichael, Lowell, Mass.
Geo. C. Dempsey, Lowell, Mass.
Thos. F. Harrington, M. D., Lowell, Mass.
Dr. Philip Kilroy, Springfield, Mass.
Thomas B. Lawler, Worcester, Mass.
Rev. John J. McCoy, Chicopee, Mass.
Dr. Patrick J. Timmins, South Boston, Mass.
J. W. Fogarty, Roxbury, Mass.
John E. Lynch, Worcester, Mass.
Francis P. McKeon, Worcester, Mass.
M. J. Harson, Providence, R. I.

EDWARD A. MOSELEY
President-General

JOHN C. LINEHAN
Treasurer-General

THOMAS HAMILTON MURRAY
Secretary-General

THOMAS B. LAWLER
Librarian-Archivist

7Several others were also present, but, coming in later, their signatures to this agreement were not obtained. They included Hon. Thomas J. Gargan and Osborne Howes, of Boston, Mass.; Charles A. De Courcy, of Lawrence, Mass.; Dennis H. Sheahan, of Providence, R. I.; and Thomas Carroll, of Peabody, Mass. Of these, Mr. Gargan, Mr. Howes, and Mr. Sheahan were among the signers of the call for the meeting. All expressed themselves in favor of the organization and a desire to be identified with it.

The following constitution was adopted:

### Preamble.

Believing that the part taken in the settlement, foundation, and up-building of these United States by the Irish race has never received proper recognition from historians, and inspired by love for the republic, a pride in our blood and forefathers, and a desire for historic truth, this society has met and organized.

Its mission is to give a plain recital of facts, to correct errors, to supply omissions, to allay passions, to shame prejudice, and to labor for right and truth.

While we, as loyal citizens of this republic, are earnestly interested in all the various phases of its history, we feel that we should be false to its honor and greatness and recreant to our own blood if we did not make a serious effort to leave to those generations which will follow us a clearer and better knowledge of the important work done by men and women of the Irish race on this continent. People of this race—men and women born on Irish soil—have been here from the first, prompted in their flight by the motives common to all immigration, dissatisfaction with the old order of things, and the resolve to obtain a freer and better life in the new land under new conditions.

And so we have come together—natives of Ireland, American sons of Irish immigrants, and descendants of immigrants even unto the seventh, eighth, and ninth American generations—to duly set forth and perpetuate a knowledge of these things.

In the days to come, that lie in the womb of the future, when all the various elements that have gone and are going to make the republic great, are united in the American,—the man who in his person will represent the bravest elements of all the old races of earth,—we desire that the deeds and accomplishments of our element shall be written in the book of the new race, telling what we did and no more; giving us our rightful place by the side of the others.

To accomplish this is the purpose of this organization; it is a work worthy of the sympathy and aid of every American who can rise above the environment of to-day and look into the broad future. Fidelity, 8truth, honor, are the watchwords of such a purpose, and under their noble influence should our work be done.

### Article I.—Name.

This organization shall be known as the American-Irish Historical Society.

### Article II.—Objects and Purposes.

The objects and purposes of this society are:

(1) The study of American history generally.

(2) To investigate, specially, the immigration of the people of Ireland to this country, determine its numbers, examine the sources, learn the places of its settlement; and estimate its influence on contemporary events in war, legislation, religion, education, and other departments of human activity.

(3) To examine records of every character, wherever found, calculated to throw light on the work of the Irish element in this broad land.

(4) To endeavor to correct erroneous, distorted, and false views of history, where they are known, and to substitute therefor the truth of history, based on documentary evidence and the best and most reasonable tradition, in relation to the Irish race in America.

(5) To encourage and assist the formation of local societies in American cities and towns for the work of the parent society.

(6) To promote and foster an honorable and national spirit of patriotism, which will know no lines of division, which will be based upon loyalty to the laws, institutions, and spirit of the republic to whose up-building the Irish element has unselfishly contributed in blood and treasure, a patriotism whose simple watchwords will be true Americanism and human freedom, and which has no concern for any man’s race, color, or creed, measuring him only by his conduct, effort, and achievement.

(7) To promote by union in a common high purpose a sincere fraternity, a greater emulation in well-doing, a closer confidence and mutual respect among the various elements of the Irish race in America, that, by putting behind them the asperities of the past, they may unite in a common brotherhood with their fellow-citizens for the honor of the race and the glory of the republic.

(8) To place the result of its historical investigations and researches in acceptable literary form; to print, publish, and distribute 9its documents to libraries, institutions of learning, and among its members, in order that the widest dissemination of historical truth may be obtained and placed within the reach of historians and other writers and readers.

(9) To sift and discriminate every paper, sketch, document, bearing on the society’s line of work, before the same is accepted and given official sanction, in order that its publication may be a guarantee of historical accuracy; to do its work without passion or prejudice, to view accomplished facts in the true scientific historical spirit, and, having reached the truth, to give it to the world.

### Article III.—Membership.

Any person, of good moral character, who is interested in the special work of this society, shall be deemed eligible for membership in the same. No tests other than that of character and devotion to the society’s objects shall be applied to membership.

Every applicant for membership shall be recommended by two members of the society before his application shall be considered by the Secretary-General, and the application shall be accompanied by the dues in the amounts laid down in the by-laws.

Members will be elected as follows: Candidates may send their applications—for which blanks will be furnished—to the Secretary-General, accompanied by the fee as provided in the by-laws, and each application must be endorsed by two members of the society. The Secretary-General shall submit the application to the Executive Council, and a three-fourths vote of that body, by ballot or otherwise, will be necessary to elect the candidate.

### Article IV.—Classes of Members.

The society shall comprise life members and annual members who shall pay dues provided by the by-laws. The society may also choose honorary and corresponding members who shall be exempt from dues but shall not have the right to vote.

### Article V.—Officers.

The officers of the society shall consist of:

1. A President-General.

2. A Vice-President for each state and territory and for the District of Columbia.

103. A Secretary-General.

4. A Treasurer-General.

5. A Librarian and Archivist.

6. An Historiographer.

7. An Executive Council.

(The word “General” herein to be considered equivalent to National.)

The officers of the society shall be elected annually.

### Article VI.—The President-General.

The duties of the President-General shall be to open and preside over the society during its deliberations, to see that the constitution is observed and the by-laws enforced, to appoint committees, and exercise a watchful care over the interests of the society, that its work may be properly done and its purposes adhered to. In the absence of the President-General a presiding officer pro tem. may be chosen.

### Article VII.—The Vice-Presidents.

It shall be the duty of the Vice-President of each state to represent the President-General at all meetings of state chapters of the society, and for the Vice-President of the state to which the President-General belongs, or in which the meeting is held, to represent him at all meetings of the parent society when he cannot be present, and in his absence to act as chairman pro tem. In the absence of both the President-General and state Vice-President, a presiding officer pro tem. may be chosen from the assembled members of the society.

### Article VIII.—The Secretary-General.

The Secretary-General shall keep a record of all the proceedings of the society and the Executive Council; he shall have charge of the seal and records; he shall issue and sign in conjunction with the President-General all charters granted to the subsidiary chapters, and shall with him certify to all acts of the society. He shall, upon orders from the President-General, give due notice of time and place of all meetings of the body; give notice to the several officers of all votes, resolutions, orders, and proceedings of the body affecting them or appertaining to their respective offices, and perform such other duties as may be assigned him.

11

### Article IX.—The Treasurer-General.

The Treasurer-General shall collect and receive all dues, funds, and securities, and deposit the same to the credit of the American-Irish Historical Society, in such banking institution as may be approved by the Executive Council. This money shall be drawn to the check of the Treasurer-General for the purposes of the society and to pay such sums as may be ordered by the Executive Council of the society in meeting, said orders to be countersigned by the President-General and Secretary-General. He must keep a full and accurate account of all receipts and disbursements, and at each annual meeting shall render the same to the society when a committee shall be appointed by the President-General to audit his accounts. He shall present at annual or special meetings a list of members in arrears.

### Article X.—The Librarian and Archivist.

The Librarian and Archivist shall be the custodian of all published books, pamphlets, files of newspapers, and similar property of the society. He shall have charge of all documents, manuscripts, and other productions not assigned by this constitution to other officers of the society, and shall keep the same in a place or places easy of access and safe from loss by fire or other causes.

### Article XI.—The Historiographer.

The Historiographer, or official historian, of the society shall perform the duties usually pertaining to that office.

### Article XII.—The Executive Council.

The Executive Council shall consist of the President-General, Secretary-General, Treasurer-General, Librarian and Archivist, Historiographer, and not less than ten nor more than twenty other members to be elected by the society. The Executive Council shall be judge of the qualifications of applicants for admission, and if satisfactory, shall elect the same. The Council shall recommend plans for promoting the objects of the society, digest and prepare business, authorize the disbursement and expenditure of unappropriated money in the treasury for the current expenses of the society; shall prepare and edit—or cause to be prepared and edited—contributions of an historical or literary character bearing on the special work of the 12society, for publication and distribution; may appropriate funds for the expenses of special branches of research for historical data and for the purchase of works to form a library for the society whenever it shall have a permanent home and headquarters. The Council shall have power to fill vacancies in offices until the annual meeting, exercise a supervisory care over the affairs of the society, and perform such other duties as may be intrusted to them. At a meeting of the Executive Council five members shall constitute a quorum.

### Article XIII.—Meetings.

The annual meeting of this society shall be held on the third Wednesday in January, at a place to be selected by the Executive Council. A field day of the body shall be held during the summer of each year at such time and place as the Executive Council shall select, due regard being given to the convenience of the greatest number, and, as far as possible, the meeting place selected shall be one whose historical associations are of interest to American citizens.

The annual meeting shall be for the purpose of electing officers, hearing reports, and transacting such other business as may come properly before it. There shall be four stated meetings each year.

Special meetings may be called at any time by the Executive Council.

### Article XIV.—Subsidiary Societies.

Chapters of the parent society may be established in any city or town in the United States upon the petition of ten persons for a charter, and such charter shall be issued upon payment of the sum designated for such in the by-laws.

The President, Secretary, Treasurer, Librarian, and Historiographer of all subsidiary societies shall be admitted to all meetings of the parent society as members during their term of office, with all the privilege of membership except that of voting.

### Article XV.—Amendments.

Amendments to the constitution shall be submitted to the Executive Council through the Secretary-General at least thirty days before the meeting of the society. A vote of two-thirds of the members present at the meeting shall be necessary for the adoption of such amendments.

13

### By-Laws.

1. The initiation fee shall be three dollars.[1] The annual membership fee shall be three dollars, payable not later than the first day of February in each year.

1. The requirement that an initiation fee be paid is not yet enforced.

2. Payment of fifty dollars in advance at one time shall constitute a life membership. Life members shall be exempt from further membership dues.

3. The Executive Council shall provide for each regular meeting of the society an address, essay, or paper dealing with some topic in the society’s line of work.

4. A copy of all original productions read before the society shall be requested for deposit in the society’s archives.

5. The annual field-day program shall include an oration, poem, and dinner. Other features of an appropriate nature may be added.

6. A fraternal spirit shall be cultivated with other American historical bodies. The society shall also keep in touch with historical organizations in Ireland, France, and other countries.

7. Any person elected to membership in this society who fails to pay his initiation fee within one year from the date of his election shall, having been duly notified by the Secretary-General, be considered as having forfeited his right to membership and his election shall be canceled.

8. A member, neglecting for two years to pay his annual fee, shall be notified of such omission by the Secretary-General. Still neglecting for three months to pay the dues, such delinquent member shall be dropped as no longer belonging to the society.

9. The stated meetings of the society shall be held in January, April, July, and October. The President-General upon receiving a request in writing, signed by ten members, asking for a special meeting, shall cause the said meeting to be convened forthwith.

10. Ten members shall constitute a quorum at any meeting of the society, except stated meetings when fifteen members shall be necessary.

11. The general order of business at meetings of the society shall be as follows:

a. Minutes of previous meeting.
b. Report of Executive Council on candidates for membership.
c. Balloting on candidates for membership.
14 d. Reports of officers and committees.
e. Unfinished business.
f. New business.
g. Adjournment

12. When not otherwise provided, Cushing’s Manual shall be the authority on points of procedure at meetings of the society.

13. No part of these by-laws shall be amended, altered, or repealed, unless proposition is submitted in writing covering the proposed amendment at least thirty days before the meeting when it is to be acted upon, when, if two-thirds of the members present and voting express themselves in favor of the change, the same shall be made.

After the reception and introduction of those present, dinner was served. Hon. Thomas J. Gargan presided, having as his guest Paul B. Du Chaillu, the noted explorer, author of The Viking Age, The Land of the Midnight Sun, and numerous other works.

Upon the conclusion of the dinner, Mr. Gargan arose and said:

“In the name of the committee who have issued the call for the organization of an American Historical Society, whose special line of research shall be the history of the Irish element in the composition of the American people, I congratulate you on the success of this initial movement and bid you a cordial welcome to this meeting.

“But little has yet been done to show how much the sons of Ireland and their descendants have contributed to the settlement, to the civilization and reclamation of this country, as also to its liberation from oppression.

“In our proposed work we will discard the legendary and the mythical. We recognize that we are living in a scientific age at the end of the nineteenth century, the age of the microscope and the X-ray, and we ask for the acceptance of no historical data that will not bear the modern search-light and that is not sufficiently proven.

“We claim that due credit has not been given to the Irish contributions. That through prejudice or through gross ignorance there has grown up a myth about the Scotch-Irish. Of all the myths that have crept into history this is the most mythical. Why any man should be ashamed of his honorable Irish ancestry surpasses my comprehension and subjects the man who attempts to deny it to the scorn and contempt of all honest and intelligent men.

THOMAS J. GARGAN
Boston, Mass.

JAMES JEFFREY ROCHE
Boston, Mass.

JOHN D. CRIMMINS
New York City

JOSEPH SMITH
Lowell, Mass.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

15“Descendants of Irishmen may well feel proud of the honorable part which the Irish race has borne in the settlement and development of the country. As early as 1649, Cromwell, by his cruel policy, transported 45,000 of them beyond the seas. A large number came to Barbadoes. Many of them afterwards came to the continent of North America.

“The revolution of 1688 in England, and the acts of British Parliament to discourage manufactures in Ireland, drove 100,000 operatives out of Ireland, and a writer of that time says multitudes of them went to America.

“In 1729 a writer stated that 3000 males left Ulster yearly for the American colonies. And the arrivals at the port of Philadelphia for 1729 are set down as: English and Welsh, 267; Scotch, 43; German, 343; Irish, 5655, or a proportion of ten Irish immigrants to one from all other European nations. This constant influx continued, though not in so great proportion. So we see what an important factor they were in the settlement of the colonies.

“James Logan, of Lurgan, Ire., came over with William Penn, and complaint was made against him that public Mass was permitted in the colony.

“The name of Logan has through all our history been honorably identified with every step of our progress. In 1729 several families came from Longford, Ire., who were landed at Cape Cod, but made their way to New York. Among them was Charles Clinton, whose three children became historical men in the annals of New York. The colony of Maryland was largely settled from Ireland; the Carrolls, whose names are indissolubly associated with American history, coming to the colony in 1689.

“In 1710 we find in Virginia along the Blue Ridge, in what are now the counties of Patrick and Rockbridge, the McDowells, Breckenridges, McDuffies, McGruders, and others, and the two rivers Mayo, and the towns called McGaheysville, Healysville, Kennedysville, McFarland, Lynchburg, and Kinsdale,—all names that tell us plainly what was the origin of the settlers.

“In 1737 an Irish settlement was established on the Santee River in South Carolina, and the historian of that time says none has furnished so many settlers to this province as Ireland.

“In 1746 Daniel Boone commenced the settlement of Kentucky, and had with him Hugh McGrady, also Harland and McBride.

16“In the Massachusetts Bay Colonies, prejudices against natives of Ireland existed almost from the settlement of the colony. There were restrictions as to land, and in 1720 the General Court warned settlers from Ireland to leave the colony within seven months.

“As you all know, in 1737 the Charitable Irish Society was founded here in Boston by twenty-six natives of Ireland, Robert Duncan heading the list. William Hall was the first president, and in that list of names are the founders of many distinguished Boston families, some of whom, I am sorry to say, are not inclined to own their origin, or choose rather to call themselves Scotch-Irish, an appellation which their ancestors would have despised. We find at Concord the burial place of Hugh Cargill, born in Ballyshannon, who came to this country, in 1744, a poor emigrant, acquiring no mean estate, leaving as a legacy the Stratton farm to the town of Concord to be used for the poor.

“There also came to Massachusetts the Limerick schoolmaster, John O’Sullivan, a name illustrious in our country’s annals. One of his sons was General Sullivan, of Revolutionary fame. One of his lineal descendants, Mr. Russell Sullivan, the well-known author, is one of the signers of our roll. There were Higginses and Reillys at Plymouth and along the shores of Cape Cod.

“One of the Indian transfers of land was to one of the Reillys.

“One of the most distinguished Irishmen who came to New England was George Berkely, a native of Kilkenny. Born near Thomaston, he came here to found a college for the civilization of the Indians. He is best remembered by his poems. Those of you who have visited the national capitol at Washington will see in fresco on the walls at the foot of the stairway portrayed by the brush of the artist in almost speaking pictures the story of the settlement and civilization of the United States, and you will see inscribed the lines which gave the artist inspiration, written by George Berkely:

Westward the course of empire takes its way;
The four first acts already past,
A fifth shall close the drama with the day:
Time’s noblest offspring is the last.

“Yet we should not be vainglorious. We are but representatives of many nations who from the earliest settlement of the country have helped to plant here free institutions, but we are not intruders, nor are we here by the tolerance of any party. We live here under the constitution and laws of the country, and are vitally interested in 17its well-being and future prosperity. We, of this generation, decline to accept that series of lies which English historians and their imitators have agreed upon as truthful history of what the Irish have done in this country or any other country.

“We propose to investigate facts and ask for their impartial consideration.

“The object of this association is to call to mind those noble types of men and women that the Irish race have sent here, that we may receive credit for our fair share in the development and maintenance of a government founded upon manhood.”

Hon. John C. Linehan spoke briefly, saying: “I think there is not a prouder title than that of American citizen. I am proud of it. I glory in it. But as I believe that a man who cannot love his mother cannot love his wife, a man who is false to the land of his birth can never be true to the land of his adoption. New Hampshire presents a rich field for the society’s research.

“Our first governor was an Irishman. Darby Field, an Irish soldier, discovered the White Mountains, and there was not a battle of the French and Indian wars in which Irish blood was not spilt just as freely as in the battles of the Civil War.

“If we do our work, the American people, of whatever birth, will put the present Scotch-Irish myth where it belongs.”

Joseph Smith, secretary of the Lowell Police Board, urged work on the part of every member. “We cannot deal in hurrah business,” he said. “We must produce the cold documents and facts that no one can dispute, and eliminate from history its imaginary and fictitious bluffs. All must work in investigation in their own towns and vicinity. We must organize in every town and city, and every year have a meeting of this parent society to garner and publish our discovered and compiled facts. This cold documentary evidence cannot be disputed, and falsehood and fiction will cease.”

Osborne Howes, the seventh in line from an Irish settler of Cape Cod, said it was not so much a matter of self-laudation, but to create a spirit in the people. He believed in the necessity of a race living up to its ideal, and the higher the ideal could be placed the better for all of the race; they will have something to look forward to, something to eliminate.

Paul Du Chaillu heartily endorsed the purpose as a most laudable one. “But don’t be self-laudable,” he advised, “you want the facts, the truth; unearth the truth for truth’s sake; present it to the world and don’t be afraid of opposition. Defy it.”

18Charles A. De Courcey, of Lawrence, spoke of the feeling and experience and slurs cast upon every school child of Irish parentage in the past, and to some extent to-day. “We were foreign. We did not feel at home. But we began to know. We began to feel at home. We learned of our race’s participation in the up-building of the nation. We will prove our part in America’s history; then the children as Americans can feel as Americans.”

The Rev. John J. McCoy, in an able speech, declared: “The records are so honorable that, although it is rather late to make the start, we all ought to find very pleasant work in assisting to look them up.”

Editor George H. Moses, of the Concord Monitor, Senator Chandler’s paper, ex-Mayor Hugh J. Carroll, of Pawtucket, and Hon. P. J. Flatley, of Boston, made speeches, urging the conduct of the research with true historic spirit.

Mr. Flatley, in his impromptu speech, handled the “Scotch-Irish” myth without gloves.

The following officers were elected:

Rear-Admiral Richard Worsam Meade, U. S. Navy (retired), President-General; Thomas Hamilton Murray, Pawtucket, R. I., Secretary-General; Hon. John C. Linehan, Concord, N. H., Treasurer-General; Thomas B. Lawler, Worcester, Mass., Librarian Archivist; Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, New York; James Jeffrey Roche, Boston; Augustus St. Gaudens, New York; Hon. Thomas J. Gargan, Boston; Dr. Thomas Dunn English, Newark, N. J.; Prof. Maurice F. Egan, Washington; Edward A. Moseley, Washington; Robert Ellis Thompson, Philadelphia; T. Russell Sullivan, Boston; Joseph Smith, Lowell, Executive Committee.

The vice-presidents are: Massachusetts, Osborne Howes, Boston; Connecticut, Joseph Swords, Hartford; Maine, James Cunningham; Rhode Island, M. J. Harson, Providence; Vermont, T. W. Maloney; New York, Gen. James R. O’Beirne; New Jersey, Hon. William McAdoo; District of Columbia, J. D. O’Connell, Washington; Pennsylvania, Gen. St. Clair Mulholland, Philadelphia; South Carolina, Hon. Matthew C. Butler; Georgia, Hon. Patrick Walsh; Ohio, Rev. George W. Pepper, Cleveland; Michigan, Thomas A. Weadock, Detroit; New Hampshire, T. B. Sullivan, Concord.

19The position of historiographer has been left vacant until a subsequent meeting of the executive body.

Mr. Joseph Smith, of Lowell, in behalf of the committee appointed to prepare a constitution and by-laws, submitted a report, and the same met with the unanimous approval of the gathering. The preamble is as follows:

Believing that the part taken in the settlement, foundation, and up-building of these United States by the Irish race has never received proper recognition from historians, and inspired by love for the republic, a pride in our blood and forefathers, and a desire for historic truth, this society has met and organized.

Its mission is to give a plain recital of facts, to correct errors, to supply omissions, to allay passions, to shame prejudice, and to labor for right and truth.

While we, as loyal citizens of this republic, are earnestly interested in all the various phases of its history, we feel that we should be false to its honor and greatness, and recreant to our own blood, if we did not make a serious effort to leave to those generations which follow us a clearer and better knowledge of the important work done by men and women of the Irish race on this continent. People of this race—men and women born on Irish soil—have been here from the first, prompted in their flight by the motives common to all immigration,—dissatisfaction with the old order of things and the resolve to obtain a freer and better life in the new land under new conditions.

And so we have come together—natives of Ireland, American sons of Irish immigrants, and descendants of immigrants even unto the seventh, eighth, and ninth American generations—duly to set forth and perpetuate a knowledge of these things.

In the days to come, that lie in the womb of the future, when all the various elements that have gone and are going to make the republic great are united in the American,—the man who in his person will represent the bravest elements of all the old races of earth,—we desire that the deeds and accomplishments 20of our element shall be written in the book of the new race, telling what we did, and no more; giving us our rightful place by the side of others.

To accomplish this is the purpose of this organization; it is a work worthy of the sympathy and aid of every American who can rise above the environment of to-day and look into the broad future. Fidelity, truth, honor are the watchwords of such a purpose, and under their noble influence should our work be done.

Thomas Hamilton Murray, secretary of the meeting, was then introduced and stated that letters expressive of interest in the organization, acknowledging an invitation or giving an expression of opinion, had been received from a large number of people. The list of writers included the following:

Hon. George F. Hoar,
United States senator from Massachusetts.
Rear-Admiral Richard W. Meade, U. S. N.
(Retired), Philadelphia, Pa., and Washington, D. C.
Hon. Thomas Dunn English,
Newark, N. J.
Dr. Thomas Addis Emmet,
New York City.
Samuel Swett Green,
Worcester, Mass. (of the American Antiquarian Society).
Henry Stoddard Ruggles,
Wakefield, Mass. (of the Sons of the Revolution).
Hon. Daniel H. Hastings,
Governor of Pennsylvania.
President Tyler,
Of the college of William and Mary, Virginia.
President Lee,
Of Washington and Lee University, Virginia.
President Morrissey,
Of the University of Notre Dame, Indiana.
Rev. Dr. Conaty,
Rector of the Catholic University, Washington, D. C.
Provost Harrison,
Of the University of Pennsylvania.
21 H. B. Adams,
Professor of American and Institutional history, Johns Hopkins University.
W. M. Sloane,
Professor of history, Princeton College, New Jersey.
Ex-Governor Waller,
Of Connecticut.
Gen. Francis A. Walker,
Boston, Mass.
Edward A. Moseley,
Washington, D. C.
Rev. J. Gray Bolton, D. D.,
(Presbyterian), Philadelphia, Pa.
Rev. Cyrus Townsend Brady,
Philadelphia, Pa. (Protestant Episcopal archdeacon of Pennsylvania).
Rev. George W. Pepper,
(Methodist), Cleveland, O.
Rev. George C. Betts,
(Protestant Episcopalian), Goshen, N. Y.
Rev. Thomas J. Shahan,
Catholic University, Washington, D. C.
Hon. Patrick Walsh,
Augusta, Ga. (ex-United States senator).
Hon. Thomas A. E. Weadock,
Detroit, Mich. (ex-member of Congress).
Col. D. S. Lamson,
Weston, Mass.
John P. Donahue,
Wilmington, Del. (national commander, Union Veteran Legion).
Hon. John Cochrane,
President of the New York Society of the Cincinnati.
Rev. W. A. McDermott,
(“Walker Lecky”) Redwood, N. Y.

### Letters of Warm Approval.

The following are the letters that were received:

#### From Admiral Meade.

Philadelphia, Dec. 8, 1896.

Dear Mr. Roche:—Your note of November 26 with its enclosure has only just reached me here. In reply I would say that you are at 22liberty to enroll my name as you desire. My ancestor, Robert Meade, who died in this city in August, 1754, was an Irish gentleman, who, having to choose between his conscience and his native land, chose to leave his native land for the sake of conscience and to cast in his lot with the people of the New World. He was one of the “Wild Geese.” His son, George Meade, born in this city, Feb. 27, 1741, died here in 1808. His life has been written for the volumes of the American Catholic Historical Society of this city. He was a patriot of the finest type, and his name is on the Roll of Honor in Independence Hall in this city.

Since then four generations have borne the name of Richard Worsam Meade, and all, I believe, with honor. My father’s younger brother, George Gordon Meade, is sufficiently well known to the country in connection with Gettysburg. In the life of George Meade, alluded to above, you will see what I say about “Irishmen.”

My father’s mother was Margaret Butler, of this city, and she also traced her ancestry to a famous strain of Norman-Irish blood.

No, sir! None of the Meades or Butlers are ashamed of their Irish lineage! Rather the contrary do we rejoice that our forefathers came from the Emerald Isle, the land of dauntless men and pure women, and that they represented the best blood of the Island.

Very truly yours,
R. W. Meade, 3d,
Rear-Admiral, U. S. N.

#### From the Governor of Pennsylvania.

January 11, 1897.

My Dear Sir:—It would give me great pleasure to unite with yourself and other gentlemen who are interested in recording the relation and influence of Americans of Irish birth or lineage to the history of our country, were it possible for me to be away from the Capitol on the 20th inst. I am in entire sympathy with the movement and hope to render assistance along the lines indicated in your letter. My father was born in Londonderry and came to this country when a youth. I believe I am entitled to membership in the proposed organization.

Very truly yours,
Daniel H. Hastings.
23

#### From the Rev. Dr. Shahan.

Washington, D. C., Jan. 18, 1897.

Dear Captain Tobin:—I regret to say that it will be practically impossible to go to Boston. I cannot very well leave all the work I have on hand, and I must go back again the following week, for Monday, the 25th, to Hartford. But I am entirely in favor of the good work, and I hope that from the beginning it will be a success. I regret again very much that so many duties all crowd in on the end of January, and make it impossible to be with so many men of one mind and one race next Wednesday. If members are proposed, please put me down as one.

Yours sincerely,
Thomas J. Shahan.

Judge Smith, of the Superior Court of Pennsylvania, wrote:

“I have just read the letter which you kindly sent me, giving in outline the scope and purpose of the proposed Historical Society and bearing the names of many distinguished citizens. I am very much pleased with the project and gratified to see that so many eminent gentlemen have become interested in the movement, and regret that official duties will prevent my attendance at the initial meeting. That the undertaking is needful and timely, the letter well demonstrates, and the broad foundation indicated will undoubtedly attract the moral and material support of all American citizens who want nothing but the truth recorded and preserved in the archives of history. May success attend the noble work of vindicating the worth and memory of a superior race!”

Henry Stoddard Ruggles, of Wakefield, wrote:

“Your proposal to found a society devoted to the preservation of records of the services of Irishmen in the colonization and subsequent history of America meets my approval. Although the biographies of some of the early pioneers of that race have been carefully and fully treated, owing to the devotion of their descendants to their memory, only a very small part has ever been written of the history of the stock as a whole, and some of their achievements have, through prejudice, been ascribed to another people. Many Protestants of Irish derivation are claiming a Scotch lineage for their immigrant 24ancestor, which he would have repudiated; and yet they are often innocent of intent to mislead; so thoroughly in certain quarters has the theory been nursed, that Protestant Irishmen, particularly those from the northern province, are invariably descended from the Scotch blood. As an American in the ninth American generation, who, by the services of three great grandfathers in the armies of the Revolution, holds membership in both the ‘Sons of the Revolution’ and ‘Sons of the American Revolution,’ and as a member of the ‘Essex Institute’ and ‘Roxbury Military Historical Society,’ both devoted to historical research, I naturally desire that all branches of our country’s history should receive the attention they deserve. That a race so prolific, so inwrought with the old stock of the land, so productive of men of mark and merit, should till now remain without a representative society to defend its record and its heroes, is most surprising. That it is soon to have such we may rest assured from the names of its sponsors, who are a guaranty of success.”

#### From Rt. Rev. Dr. Conaty.

Worcester, Nov. 20, 1896.

My Dear Sir:—I am in full accord with a movement toward the establishment of an American Historical Society, according to the lines projected by you. The object is most praiseworthy, and the results will be most valuable. It is a shame for us that so much valuable matter has been lost because of no medium of salvation. Let us save what we can, and gather together the records of our race in the fields of literature, patriotism, business, and professional life. The story has not been fully written; but when this has been done, it will be found that our people have done their share in the work of civilization, liberty, and letters in the great Republic, for the preservation of which so many generously gave their lives.

You have my best wishes, and you can depend upon my earnest coöperation.

Yours very truly,
Thomas J. Conaty.

#### From Dr. Thomas Addis Emmet.

New York, Jan. 4, 1897.

Dear Sir:—I am too much occupied with my professional engagements to be able to get away from home at this season, and I will therefore not be able to attend the meeting for organizing the 25society on January 20. But I am in close sympathy with the movement, and believe that there exists a large and promising field for an Irish Historical Society in this country. This opinion is based on the fact that during a long life I have devoted the greater part of my leisure time to the study of American history. Until recently I possessed probably the largest library and the largest collection of autographic documents bearing on American history ever held by one individual. From my knowledge thus gained, I am firmly of the conviction that the Irish, by birth or descent, have contributed during the past two hundred years, and from every station in life, more in number, more brain work and muscle for the development of the country at large than has been furnished by every other nationality of the world combined.

With some experience in getting up such an undertaking, I will take the liberty of making a suggestion: The success of the proposed society will rest entirely, I believe, on one feature—putting it in the hands of young men, who must be put forward with the responsibility to do the work. It is but proper that the older men should make the first move, give it their support and contribute hereafter so far as they may be able to do; but unless the young men become interested in the undertaking, and sufficiently to be willing to do the work, it will prove a failure.

Yours very truly,
Thomas Addis Emmet.

#### From Hon. E. A. Moseley.

Washington, January 6.

Dear Sir:—I am very glad indeed to know that there will be an American Historical Society whose special line of research will be the history of the Irish element in this country, and I will cheerfully aid in the work as far as I can.

I am ninth in descent from Lieut. Thaddeus Clark, who came from Ireland and died in Portland, May 16, 1690. He was lieutenant of a company of men engaged in the defense of Falmouth, now Portland, during the Indian War. He fell into ambuscade with his company while making a reconnoitre, and was killed with twelve of his men.

I am eleventh in descent from Deputy-Governor George Cleeves, who was the founder of Portland, formerly Falmouth. I have the impression that he was an Irishman also.

26I am sixth in descent from Lieut. John Brown, of Belfast, Me., who came with his father from Londonderry, Ire., and was one of the settlers of Londonderry, N. H. He was chairman of the first Board of Selectmen of Belfast, Me., chosen Nov. 11, 1773–75. He removed from Londonderry, N. H. While residing in Londonderry, he had been a commissioned officer in the Provincial Army, and had served in the French War. He was one of the Committee of Safety and Inspection.

If I had the time for research, I feel that I could find others of my ancestors who came from Ireland.

With kindest regards, sincerely yours,
Edward A. Moseley.

#### From the National Commander of the Union Veteran Legion.

Wilmington, Del., January 20.

Respected Sir:—I am in hearty sympathy with your proposed organization, and should feel myself honored by being considered a member of it, and will work to the best of my ability to accomplish the desired purpose in the limited field presented to me in this state of Delaware. I am now engaged in convention at Dover, Delaware, framing a new constitution for our state, and will have more leisure when that has been accomplished. In the meantime I beg to assure you of my sincere thanks and high appreciation at the honor conferred upon me by yourself and honorable colleagues in so worthy a movement, and have the honor to remain,

Very truly,
Jno. P. Donahoe,
National Commander.

#### From Samuel Swett Green, Librarian of Worcester.

“Thank you for sending me a circular regarding the historical society, which it is in contemplation to form for the purpose of promoting the study of the work which has been done by Irishmen in furthering the interests of the American Colonies and the United States. It is natural and commendable for residents of the United States, born in foreign countries or descended from persons born outside of this country, that, while esteeming the institutions of this land and having a patriotic interest in its welfare, they should at the 27same time retain warm affection for the mother country and a strong interest in the doings of its sons. Because such persons love a new country, there is no reason why they should cease to love the old country. They would show a lack of right feeling were they to do so. I heartily favor the formation of societies by studious people interested in the history of different elements of our population, and should think that Americans of Irish origin would find the study of the history of the Irish in this country especially interesting and profitable. They would find, I should think, a rich return in striving to bring to light incidents in their history by forming a society with this purpose in view.”

#### From Ex-U. S. Senator Patrick Walsh.

Augusta, Ga., Sept. 8, 1896.

Dear Sir:—I am in receipt of your favor of August 31, enclosing proof of an article in reference to the formation of an “American-Irish Historical Society.” I have read the announcement with pleasure, and I most cordially endorse the object in view. The history of the Irish race in America should be written. In peace and in war citizens of Irish birth have always been faithful to the United States. I regret to say that I do not very well see, at this time, how I can be present at your first meeting, but I beg to assure you of my most hearty approval of the proposed American-Irish Historical Society.

Yours very sincerely,
Patrick Walsh.

#### From Theodore Roosevelt.

New York, Jan. 13, 1897.

My Dear Mr. Roche:—I regret extremely that I cannot be present at the opening meeting of the Association. All these associations do good. We are a new people, derived from many race strains, and different from any one of them, and it is a good thing to have brought before us our diversity in race origin. Like most New Yorkers, whose American ancestry goes back for more than two centuries, I have an ancestral right to belong to several societies of this kind, and I enjoy equally attending the dinners of the Hollander, the Huguenot, the Scotchman, and the Irishman. It seems to me the one lesson to be remembered always by those who belong to these associations is that in time their descendants will most surely have 28the right to belong to many other similar associations; for in time the different strains of blood will all be blended together, English and Irish, German and French. When that time comes, and before it, the chief thing for all of us to keep in mind is that we must be good Americans, purely as such, no matter what be our creed or our ancestry in Europe.

Very sincerely yours,
Theodore Roosevelt.

#### From Senator Hoar.

Worcester, Mass., Nov. 12, 1896.

Dear Mr. Murray:—I think your plan for an historical society is excellent. The facts in regard to this most important contribution to our national life ought to be collected and preserved. If, as I am sure they will, they are collected and preserved in the true historic spirit, without concealing or slurring over, or exaggerating anything, they will be of great value. Let no Irishman be ashamed of his origin or the humble condition from which so many of his countrymen came. The Irish race has done a great service to America. They made a splendid contribution toward saving our national life during the Rebellion. The story of their generosity and affection for the kindred they left behind is one of the most touching and stirring in history. But they have had, have now, and will continue to have for a good while to come, grave faults. To say this is only to say that they are human. Do not be afraid to record their faults as well as their virtues, and the faithful portraiture will be one well deserving a place in our nation’s gallery.

I am, with high regard, faithfully yours,
George F. Hoar.

#### From the Protestant Episcopal Archdeacon of Pennsylvania.

Philadelphia, Jan. 8, 1897.

My Dear Sir:—I have seen a notice of the meeting called for the evening of the 21st of January, at the Revere House, Boston, for the organization of an American Historical Society, whose special line of research is to be the history of the Irish element in the composition of the American people.

Although unable to be present, to my great regret, I very much desire to be counted one of the charter members of the society when 29it is organized. I am a member of the Society of the Sons of the Revolution, and my name, as well as my family history, indicates my Celtic descent, a derivation of which I am very proud.

I think the purposes of such a society are admirable, and if I can do anything to further its objects I shall be delighted. Kindly advise me of the receipt of this letter at your convenience, and oblige,

Very sincerely yours,
C. T. Brady,
Archdeacon of Pennsylvania.

#### From Dr. Thomas Dunn English.

Newark, N. J., January 11.

Dear Sir:—My age and consequent infirmities prevent me from attending too many night meetings in a month. I have promised to be present on the 16th at the annual dinner of the Alumni of the University of Pennsylvania, and on the 25th to attend the Burns celebration of the Newark Caledonian Club. This is about as much as I can attend to without endangering my health. I regret, however, my enforced absence, because I have a cordial sympathy with the proposed movement. As a descendant on my father’s side through over two centuries of American ancestors from Norman-Irish stock, and more immediately on my mother’s side from the Gaelic, I naturally take an interest in all that concerns the honor and reputation of my lineage. I therefore beg of you to place my name on the list of original members when you organize.

I have a further interest in the matter as a native American desiring that our federal and state historical records should be accurate and complete. Writers covering the part played by Irishmen in this country’s history generally confine themselves to services rendered during a revolutionary and post-revolutionary wars; and these the enemies of Ireland constantly depreciate, and the friends of Ireland sometimes exaggerate. Both sides lose sight of the fact that very much is due to Irish efforts in the colonization of the country and in its civil and social development. The society proposed will be able to show how much the Quaker Irish in Philadelphia and its vicinity, the Catholic Irish in Maryland, and bodies and individuals of them elsewhere on the seaboard did to develop our civilization and promote our progress. The society will have a rich and poorly worked mine of historical wealth in another quarter. The Appalachian and Alleghanian 30ranges and their immediate valleys found large numbers of Irish settlers among the pioneers, and from Londonderry in New Hampshire to Murphy and Coleraine in Georgia, there extends a long line of settlements where many customs, terms, phrases, and modes of thought and action attest the country of the founders. “The dark and bloody ground” of Kentucky has among its residents so many with Hibernian names, though the sept mark of O’ has been dropped in many cases, the Macs being more adherent, that in calling off the assessment rolls in some quarters it would seem to the hearer as though he had dropped in upon the meeting of some Irish society.

With my best wishes for the thorough success of the proposed organization,

I am yours truly,
Thomas Dunn English.

#### From Gen. Francis A. Walker.

Boston, Nov. 25, 1896.

My Dear Sir:—Your letter of the 18th inst., enclosing a cutting relating to the proposed new historical society, arrived during my absence from the city. As regards the desirability of thorough investigation into the early history of the Irish element of our American population, there can be no question whatever. The confusion that has arisen regarding the several constituents of the Irish immigration—as witnessed, for example, in the general use of the word Scotch-Irish, applied indifferently to persons of pure English, pure Scotch, and pure Irish blood—shows abundantly the need of careful dispassionate research; and all should rejoice to see the work undertaken in the most effective way.

The question whether such an investigation should be begun and carried on through existing historical societies and agencies, or through the organization of a new society specifically for this object, is one regarding which my opinion would be of little value. My life has not been mainly devoted to historical investigation; and, even where I have worked by myself in this field, I have, I fear, been a very poor member of the several historical societies to which I belong.

I am, dear Sir, Faithfully yours,
Francis A. Walker.
31

#### From Rev. J. Gray Bolton, D. D.

1906 Pine Street, Philadelphia, Jan. 16, 1897.

My Dear Sir:—I regret that other duties will prevent me from being with you on Wednesday, January 20, 1897. I assure you that I am in hearty accord with the purpose of your organization. The Irish race owe it to themselves and their successors to leave a united history of an undivided people in America. One of the noblest characteristics of the Irishman is that he is religious, and has enough of religion to be willing to fight for it. But God forbid that this should in any way hinder in telling the united story of our people. The Irish Catholic and the Irish Presbyterian have more than once stood together for liberal government in Ireland. And the Irish Presbyterian and Irish Catholic stood together here when Washington was leading the people from under the yoke of oppressive taxation without representation. The Irish-American has a place and a name in this glorious country of ours, and as we fought for our freedom and then for the Union we will live—and, if need be, fight side by side to maintain it.

I am truly yours,
J. Gray Bolton, D. D.

#### From Rev. John J. McCoy, P. R.

Chicopee, Mass., Jan. 3, 1897.

Dear Sir:—For some twelve years and more I have been doing some work in looking up the records of our people here in New England, especially the records of their church building. During that time I felt the great need of some such society as you now have in intention, and I hail your work as most opportune and useful. Make me one of you and kindly tell me what is to be done to have active participation in the society’s work.

Truly yours,
(Rev.) Jno. J. McCoy, P. R.

The second meeting of the society was held in accordance with the following invitation:

Dear Sir:—You are hereby notified that the second meeting of the American-Irish Historical Society will be held at the Revere House in Boston, Mass., Monday evening, April 19, 1897 (the anniversary of the battle of Lexington, Concord, and Cambridge).

32There will be a business session of the society at 6.30 P.M., followed, at 7 o’clock, by a dinner and post-prandial exercises appropriate to the anniversary.

At the business session, action will be taken on the completion of the constitution and by-laws, the admission of new members, and on such other business as may properly come before the meeting.

The price of dinner tickets has been placed at $1.50 each. They are now ready.

The after-dinner features will include:

(1) A reading, “Paul Revere’s Ride,” by Mr. Thomas A. Santry, of Lawrence, Mass.

(2) A paper by the Secretary-General on “The Irish Bacons who Settled at Dedham, Mass., in 1640,” one of whose descendants, John Bacon, was killed April 19, 1775, in the fight at West Cambridge (battle of Lexington).

(3) An address by the Treasurer-General, Hon. John C. Linehan, of New Hampshire, on “The Seizure of the Powder at Fort William and Mary,” by Maj. John Sullivan and his associates, some of which powder was later dealt out to the patriots at Bunker Hill.

(4) Address by Mr. Edward J. Brandon, city clerk of Cambridge, Mass., during which he will read a list of Irish names borne by minutemen or militia in the battle of the nineteenth of April, when the shot was fired “Heard Round the World.”

(5) A brief essay by Mr. Joseph Smith, of Lowell, Mass., on “The Irishman, Ethnologically Considered.”

Invitations to attend the dinner have been sent to the town clerks and selectmen of Lexington and Concord; also to descendants of the patriots who stood on the green at Lexington when Captain Parker exclaimed, “Don’t fire unless fired upon.”

It is earnestly desired that every member of the society who can possibly be present at the coming meeting will attend and help make the event the great success this patriotic anniversary so richly deserves.

If each member attending the dinner will bring with him at least one gentleman as his personal guest, it will add éclat to the occasion and may be the means of acquiring a large number of very desirable new members for the society.

Fraternally, and in behalf of the
Executive Council of the Society,
Thomas Hamilton Murray,
Secretary-General.

33In response to the foregoing call, some thirty-five or forty gentlemen assembled at the time and place mentioned. The business meeting was dispensed with, and the time that would have been so occupied was devoted to introductions and general conversation.

About 8 o’clock the company proceeded to dinner. Hon. Thomas J. Gargan, of Boston, presided. Among those present were: John C. Linehan, State Insurance Commissioner of New Hampshire; Joseph Smith, Secretary of the Police Commission, Lowell, Mass.; Rev. John J. McCoy, Chicopee, Mass.; James Jeffrey Roche, Boston, Mass.; Thomas B. Lawler, Worcester, Mass.; Charles A. De Courcey, Lawrence, Mass.; Rev. George F. Marshall, Milford, N. H.; Daniel Donovan, Lynn, Mass.; Lawrence J. Smith, Lowell, Mass.; Thomas Hamilton Murray, Editor of the Daily Sun, Lawrence, Mass.; Edward J. Brandon, City Clerk, Cambridge, Mass.; Thomas A. Santry, Lawrence, Mass.; P. J. Flatley, Boston, Mass.; Robert A. Woods, Boston, Mass.; John A. Callahan, Holyoke, Mass.; M. A. Toland, Boston, Mass.; Dr. Eugene McCarthy, Cambridge, Mass.; Dr. M. F. Sullivan, Lawrence, Mass.; Edward Arundel, Lawrence, Mass.; Dr. George A. Leahey, Lowell, Mass.; Capt. P. S. Curry, Lynn, Mass.; E. B. Newhall, Lynn, Mass.; and several other gentlemen.

In opening the after-dinner exercises, Mr. Gargan referred to the anniversary on which this meeting is held, and read the following communication from Rear-Admiral Meade, U. S. N.:

220 Winona Ave., Germantown, Pa.,
Jan. 26, 1897.

My Dear Sir:—Your note of the 23d informing me that I have been unanimously chosen for the office of President-General of the American-Irish Historical Society, found me confined to my bed, where I have been since the 8th, with a severe attack of grippe. The hardships of a long naval career are beginning now to revenge themselves on me, and I have to take great care of my health.

I am, of course, deeply sensible of the honor your society confers upon me and shall accept the office with pleasure if you think the duties will not try me physically beyond my strength. I am vigorous 34enough for my years, but I am peculiarly sensitive to cold, having spent a great part of my naval life in the tropics, and I cannot travel about in winter without serious risk to my health.

I am ready to work in the ranks for the good of the new society as cheerfully as at the top. No organization is more needed than the one you have completed, and you can count on me to further its success.

Very truly yours,
R. W. Meade, 3d.
Mr. Thomas H. Murray,
Secretary-General, etc.

Letters of regret at inability to attend the meeting were received from the selectmen of Concord, Mass.; the town clerk of Lexington, Mass.; and from Governor Hastings, of Pennsylvania; Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, of New York; Osborne Howes, of Boston; Hon. William McAdoo, of Washington, D. C.; Augustus St. Gaudens, of New York; Patrick Donahoe, of Boston; the Very Rev. John Hogan, D. D., president of St. John’s Seminary, Brighton, Mass.; J. D. O’Connell, of Washington, D. C.; Robert Ellis Thompson, of Philadelphia; and others.

The addresses mentioned in the call for the meeting were delivered, and were appreciatively received.

Mr. Murray, in his paper on “The Irish Bacons,” noted that the family has reflected honor on both Dedham and Needham, as it has on other towns where representatives of it have resided.

Hon. John C. Linehan read the following paper:

### John Sullivan and the Capture of the Powder at Newcastle.

The province of New Hampshire was among the first to resist the unjust exactions of the British government, and, on the authority of one of the Royal Councillors, her sons were the very first to commit an overt act against it. From the time of its early settlement, under the proprietorship of Capt. John Mason, her sturdy colonists were bound to appropriate to their own use the first fruits of their labors, and, regardless of act of parliament or magisterial edict, they were 35able to accomplish their purpose. Owing to the civil dissensions in England between 1640 and 1700, the little band of adventurers who had established themselves at “Old Strawberry Bank,” as well as their descendants who came after them, were practically, so far as the home government was concerned, left to their own resources, and obliged to defend themselves as best they could against the French and Indians, who were ever on the alert to harass and annoy them. The establishment of William of Orange on the English throne, and the complete subjugation of those who supported the unfortunate James, changed matters, however, and gave the new ruler an opportunity to bestow a little of his paternal care on the colonists who had so long prospered greatly without it.

One of his very first acts was to appoint, as governor of New York, the Earl of Bellmont, who was a native of Ireland, and a son of Sir Charles Coote, who earned an Irish estate fighting for Cromwell.

Under his administration the heirs of Captain Mason, fortified by a proclamation from the king and parliament, endeavored to establish their ownership to the property left them in New Hampshire, and, although not authorized by the act mentioned to collect arrearages of rent from the descendants of the original settlers, little progress was made in the collection of any. The men, and the children of the men who had for half a century contested every inch of New Hampshire soil with the elements, the wild beasts, the Indians, and their white allies from Quebec, did not propose to pay tribute to the grandchildren of the man whose name was but a tradition. The result was the creation of a period in the records of New Hampshire, whose history reads strangely like a page from Ireland’s annals describing landlord rule.

For in all parts of the province, and among all classes of people, the most determined efforts were made to prevent the impositions of the new proprietors. The sheriff and his officers, while engaged in the performance of their duties, were often confronted with the axe and the musket, and when opportunity offered, the women took a hand and tested the efficacy of hot water. The sacred person of the governor even was not exempt from insult and assault, for on at least one occasion, while endeavoring to shield Captain Mason, the grandson of the original proprietor, from one of his irate tenants, he was thrown into the fireplace on the burning coals, sat upon, three of his ribs broken, two teeth knocked out, and his body severely burned.

36William Vaughan, one of the Royal Councillors, and among the most influential men in the colony, for an assault upon one of the officers of the king, was arrested, and for several years kept in confinement.

The records of the province during this period, as printed in the state papers, make very interesting reading. The little rock-ribbed province was the northern picket line of New England, and in consequence her sons were equally expert with the musket, the axe, and the spade.

That these traits had been transmitted to their descendants is very clear, for the construction of the grapevine bridge across the Chickahominy in 1862, by the boys of the 5th New Hampshire, as well as the record made by the same regiment during the Civil War, is the evidence; the axe, the spade, and the rifle figuring in both, as they had in the hands of their ancestors at Bunker Hill and Bennington nearly a century before. But the demands of Captain Mason were not the only grievances. The government was bound to suppress any industry in the colonies which would in any way interfere with those already in operation at home. An elaborate project had been already planned by the Earl of Bellmont, for the production of tar and pitch in New Hampshire.

The home government was paying Denmark one hundred thousand pounds annually for these two articles. Both could, with a little perseverance and care, be produced on this side of the water, and be paid for, not in cash, but in the products of the English mills and shops, and in this manner saving the money and finding a new market for goods.

To this end, pine trees were selected and stripped, but before the scheme had matured, and the first step taken, the wicked New Hampshire men set fire to the trees, and this, with the Indian troubles, which were endless, put an end to the tar and pitch arrangement. This was not all they did, however. The governor claimed that not only did these lawless men of “Old Strawberry Bank” cut down the king’s timber which had been reserved for the Royal Navy, but that they had sawn it up into deals, and actually sold it to the enemies of the government, in the French and Spanish West Indies; and that no less a person than the Lieutenant-Governor of New Hampshire was engaged in the business, and not only engaged in it, but had boasted of his profits, and thus incited others to go and do likewise. He next tried to introduce the cultivation of flax, but this was a failure, labor costing three times here what it would in Ireland. This paternal care of the government continued under William’s successors. In 1749 an act of parliament, while encouraging the production of pig and bar iron, absolutely forbade its manufacture, and to carry its terms into effect, proclamation was made by the provincial sheriffs, and an inquiry as to the number of mills and forges in the province was instituted by the governor, to the end that steps might be taken to have them discontinued. With such an experience as this extending over three-quarters of a century, the people of New Hampshire were not only in sympathy with their fellow-countrymen in the other colonies, but stood ready as well to coöperate in any movement having for its object the welfare of the people as against the government.

THOMAS DUNN ENGLISH
Newark, N. J.

ROBERT ELLIS THOMPSON
Philadelphia, Pa.

FRANCIS C. TRAVERS
New York City

T. RUSSELL SULLIVAN
Boston, Mass.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

37At a meeting held in Portsmouth on Dec. 16, 1773, one of the resolutions adopted was, “That every virtuous and public-spirited freeman ought to oppose, to the utmost of his ability, every attack of the ministry to enslave the Americans.” Five months later, on May 19, 1774, a committee of the town of Portsmouth sent their sympathies to the people of Boston on the closing of their port, and for their fellow-townsmen, promised to exert themselves to carry into effect any plan which might be concerted by the colonies for the general relief, and that the interests of the people of Boston would be considered as their own.

From this time to the departure of the royal governor forever, it was a game of battledoor and shuttlecock between his excellency and the general assembly; the latter energetic and firm; the former diplomatic, but cautious and watchful, and ever on the alert to subserve the interest of the home government.

To this end he refused at first to adjourn the assembly in May, 1774, but finally acceded to the request of the members, and an adjournment was made to June 12 of the same year. Meantime the excitement increased; events at home and abroad intensifying the feeling against the government.

At the adjourned meeting in May, the House of Representatives, in common with the assemblies of the other colonies, had appointed a committee of correspondence. This Governor Wentworth tried to prevent, and when he dissolved the assembly he was fain to believe the committee of correspondence would disappear with it.

In this he was disappointed, for its very first act after the dissolution of the assembly was to issue a summons to the representatives, who again met in their own chamber. The governor, attended by the sheriff of the county, entered, and in accordance with custom 38they rose when he presented himself. He addressed them, declaring the meeting illegal, and directed the sheriff to make proclamation accordingly, ordering all to disperse. He then retired, but they resumed their seats.

On further consideration they adjourned to another house, where it was resolved to hold a convention at Exeter, which should choose delegates to the General Congress to meet in Philadelphia, and to that end, letters were sent to each town and parish in the colony, inviting the people therein to send deputies to the Provincial Congress. The last business transacted by the representatives was to recommend a day of fasting and prayer to be observed by the people of the province. According to Belknap, this was observed with religious solemnity. A request was made at the same time for funds to defray the expenses of the delegates to the Continental Congress, and this was promptly responded to.

The convention called at Exeter assembled on July 21, 1774, and is now known in history as the “First Provincial Congress” of New Hampshire. There were eighty-five members present, with the speaker of the assembly, Hon. John Wentworth, a relative of the governor in the chair.

This distinguished body, composed of the best men in the province, many of whom had seen service in the French and Indian wars, and who can justly be styled the founders of the state, chose for their first representatives to the Continental Congress Maj. John Sullivan and Col. Nathaniel Folsom; and for the first time in the history of his native state does the name of John Sullivan officially make its appearance in its legislative records. It is evident to any one who has read closely the history of the stirring events of the period that some master hand was at work directing all the movements, civil and military, occurring at the time; and that this was the hand of John Sullivan later events prove clearly. The son of an Irish exile, and the grandson of one of the ill-fated defenders of Limerick, he was born in Somersworth, N. H., at a point opposite Berwick, Me., on February 18, 1740.

He was educated by his father, who had himself enjoyed the benefits of a liberal and thorough training before he settled in America, and who, through a long life, extending to his one hundred and fifth year, was diligently employed in the education of youth. After a voyage to the West Indies he became a member of the family of Hon. Isaac Livermore, a lawyer of Portsmouth having an extensive practice, and under his instruction prepared himself for his profession. 39He early exhibited ability of a high order, gained the respect and encouragement of his instructor, and soon acquired a distinguished position at the bar of New Hampshire. Just before reaching his majority he located in the town of Durham, purchased a handsome residence, which is still in existence, and in which he lived up to the time of his death. Such was his professional success, that he married at the age of twenty, and for ten years later he was constantly employed in the most lucrative causes, thereby incurring the resentment of sundry persons in Durham and elsewhere, who petitioned the executive council in 1766, complaining of him for evil practices as attorney-at-law. This trouble, whatever its nature may have been, existed even to the end of his days, and was doubtless at the bottom of the scheme to injure his reputation years after his death; for to this day there are some who would rob him of the credit given him in the state records for planning the capture of the powder at Newcastle and leading the party that effected it.

In eloquence as an advocate he won a place in the front rank, and earned the reputation of being a sound lawyer and a judicious counsellor. This character was not confined to his native state, for in addition to the friendship of men like the Wentworths and Langdons in New Hampshire, he had secured the esteem and respect of Lowell, Adams, Otis, and other well-known legal lights in Massachusetts. Although attached to his profession, he found time to devote to agriculture and manufactures, being one of the early promoters of the latter, establishing cloth and fulling mills in Durham, and succeeding so well that on the authority of John Adams he was worth ten thousand pounds before the Revolution broke out. From his father and mother he inherited a robust constitution, and was blessed with an active, lively disposition. He had a natural taste for military life, but except an occasional bout with the Indians, generally on the defensive, he had, before the Revolutionary War, no actual experience in warfare; but all around him were the veterans of the Indian and French wars, whose descriptions of the campaigns of Louisburg and Quebec aroused all the martial spirit in his fiery nature.

To his historical studies, especially those relating to military movements, he was greatly devoted; and read them to such good purpose that he was able accurately to describe nearly all of the great battles of the world. It was natural, therefore, for him to seek the exercise of arms early; so at the age of thirty-one he held the commission of major in the Colonial militia, and spared no pains to make himself familiar with the duties connected with the position. From the first 40rumble of discontent, down to the actual outbreak of hostilities, he was one of the most active men engaged in the cause of liberty. His nature and his abhorrence of oppression, two traits transmitted by generations of heroic ancestors, marked his career from the beginning, and his extended influence and popularity marked him early as a leader in the coming contest. With a full realization of what was before him he organized a company numbering eighty-three men in Durham, and associated with him was the gallant young Scammell, who was then a law student in his office. With a knowledge of these facts it is not too much to say, especially when comparing them with the events occurring afterwards, that the “hidden hand” which directed the movements of the patriots in New Hampshire, down to the convening of the First Provincial Congress in July, 1774, was that of the grandson of the Limerick soldier, who, in little less than a century from the broken treaty, was paying with interest the debt due the government which had driven his father to the wilds of America. He was chosen by the First Provincial Congress to represent his province in the Continental Congress, being the first person to represent New Hampshire in that body. Two instances will be sufficient to show his energy and usefulness in that assemblage. On qualifying, he was at once placed on two of the most important committees, of one of which, that upon the grievances of the people, he was chairman.

“The committee of violation of rights,” says John Adams in his diary, “reported a set of articles which were drawn by John Sullivan, of New Hampshire; and these two declarations, the one of rights and the other of violations, which are printed in the journals of Congress for 1774, were two years afterwards recapitulated in the Declaration of Independence on the 4th of July, 1776.”

“New Hampshire has perhaps not remembered that the bold hand and the legal training of John Sullivan are in the immortal Declaration of Independence.”

On the adjournment of Congress, Sullivan returned to New Hampshire. During his absence the agitation had increased; nearly every town had its committee of safety, and many persons of note, suspected of a leaning towards the government, placed under arrest and kept in confinement, or sent out of the state, unless they took the test oath prescribed by the Assembly. Steps were also taken to prevent the sending of carpenters and other mechanics to Boston to build barracks for the royal troops, as men could not be secured there for that purpose. In one instance a man 41suspected of procuring workmen for General Gage, was waited on, and the charge being proven, he was obliged to go on his knees, as nothing less would be satisfactory, and make the following confession and promise:

“Before this company I confess I have been aiding and assisting in sending men to Boston to build barracks for the soldiers to live in, at which you have reason to be justly offended, which I am sorry for and humbly ask your forgiveness. And I do affirm that for the future I never will be aiding or assisting in any wise whatever, in act or deed contrary to the constitution of the country, as witness my hand.”

The military stores in Fort William and Mary at Newcastle were a constant source of anxiety to the governor, but he felt confident that no lawless act would be committed by the people without provocation, and as he was cautious in his course, no pretext could be found in that direction, but the inevitable was to happen. A report was circulated that General Gage was to send a body of troops to secure the ammunition.

The arrival of Paul Revere from Boston gave color to the rumor, and on the day following, armed men from the surrounding towns assembled in Portsmouth, and after effecting an organization and choosing their leaders, marched in broad daylight, to the number of four hundred, for Newcastle. On arriving at the fort the commander bade them to enter at their peril. No heed being paid to his words, one volley was fired from the three-pounders in position, but before the guns could be reloaded the walls were scaled and the fort captured at three o’clock P.M. on Dec. 14, 1774. The result was the possession of one hundred barrels of powder, sixty muskets, sixteen cannon, and other valuable stores.

In his letter to General Gage informing him of the event, Governor Wentworth said, “The principal persons in this enormity are well known.”

He mentioned no names, but a little over two years later Peter Livius, who was at the time of the capture, one of the Provincial Councillors, wrote thus to John Sullivan in June, 1777: “You were the first man in active rebellion, and drew with you the province you live in. You will be one of the first sacrifices to the resentment and justice of government; your family will be ruined and you must die with ignominy.”

Belknap wrote that “Maj. John Sullivan and John Langdon distinguished themselves as leaders in this affair.” Adams, in his 42annals of Portsmouth, said it occurred “under the direction of Maj. John Sullivan and Capt. John Langdon.”

Sullivan himself said: “When I returned from Congress in 1774, and saw the order of the British king and council prohibiting military stores being sent to this country, I took alarm, clearly perceiving the designs of the British ministry, and wrote several pieces upon the necessity of securing military stores, which pieces were published in several papers.” Quint said: “Sullivan, bold and daring, then an active member of the Continental Congress, and well known throughout the province by his leadership at the bar, had great influence. The seizure of the munitions at the fort, though sudden at last, was doubtless not without previous thought. The result of this act was momentous. It was the first act of armed rebellion. It preceded Concord and Lexington by four months of time. The captors of the fort entered it against the fire of fieldpieces and muskets openly, and in daylight they pulled down the royal flag, the first time in American history. They gave three cheers in honor of their success. They carried off a hundred barrels of gunpowder, some light guns and small arms which, under the care of Sullivan, were taken up the river, which was at that time covered with thick ice, through which a channel had to be cut.”

This bold and audacious act was deeply felt in Great Britain. Conciliation was now out of the question. The king’s anger was aroused. It was already bitter enough on account of the Massachusetts troubles. Governor Wentworth issued threatening proclamations.

He dismissed the offending major and captain from their posts in the militia. In answer to his edict all persons in Durham holding civil or military positions under the governor, headed by Sullivan, assembled at the tavern on the green, and there publicly burned their commissions and insignia of office. There was no further need of secrecy. The die was cast and the leaders were well known. The official positions, civil or military, held by many of those who were principals in the affair, obliged them, up to this time, to act with caution. After the burning, not of his ships, but of his commission, Sullivan boldly stepped to the front. The very next day after the capture of the powder he headed a body of men numbering between three and four hundred from Durham and the adjoining towns, and, marching to the Council Chamber, demanded an answer to the question as to whether or not there were any ships or troops expected here, or if the governor had written for any.

43His excellency meekly answered: “I know of none.”

The greater part of the powder was stored in the basement of the meeting-house in Durham. The balance, for safety, was distributed in several places, some of it going to Exeter. That stored at Durham, as well as another portion placed with Capt. John Demerritt, was taken by the latter in his own ox-cart, under Sullivan’s direction, to Cambridge, where it arrived barely in time to be dealt out to the troops at Bunker Hill. Of how much value it was there and how badly it was needed, is too well known to bear repetition. Without it and lacking the men from the old Granite State accompanying it, Bunker Hill would not have been such a serious affair for the British army.

In claiming the leadership for Sullivan in this affair there is no desire to extol him at the expense of those with whom he was associated,—men like Langdon, Weare, Bartlett, Thornton, Scammell, Thompson, Folsom, Wentworth, Gilman, and others whose names are now household words. The position was freely conceded by them at the time, and acknowledged by the best informed to-day. After the Lexington fight, and while Sullivan was in attendance at the Second Continental Congress, the gallant young Scammell, who was in his office in Durham, wrote him that, “when the horrid din of civil carnage surprised us on the 20th of April, the universal cry was ‘Oh, if Major Sullivan was here!’ ‘I wish to God Major Sullivan was here!’ ran through the distressed multitude.”

Capt. Eleazer Bennett, who died in Durham in 1852, at the age of one hundred and one, said “that at the time of the capture of the powder he was in the employment of General Sullivan, at his mill at Packer’s Falls, when word was brought in to come down to Durham, to go to Portsmouth, and to get anybody else he could to come with him.” So far as he could remember, the following persons were with him: Maj. John Sullivan, Capt. Winborn Adams, Ebenezer Thompson, John Demerritt, Alpheus and Jonathan Chesley, John Spencer, Micah Davis, Isaac and Benjamin Small, Alexander Scammell, John Griffin, James Underwood, and Eben Sullivan, the major’s brother.

On arriving at Portsmouth they were joined by John Langdon with another party. They captured the fort, took the captain and bound him, and frightened away the soldiers. In the fort they found one hundred casks of powder and one hundred small arms. A portion of the powder was taken by Major Demerritt to his house in Madbury, but most of it was stored under the pulpit of the meeting-house 44in Durham. On July 19, 1775, as a final proof of Sullivan’s leadership in this movement, Matthew Patten, chairman of the committee of safety for the county of Hillsborough, wrote to General Sullivan congratulating him on his appointment to the rank of Brigadier-General, in which he said: “An appointment which, as it distinguishes your merit, so at the same time it reflects honor upon, and shows the penetrating discernment of those truly eminent patriots from whom you received it; nor are we less sanguine in our expectations of the high advantages which must result under God to the public by your military skill and courage, as you have been indefatigable in attaining the first, and have given a recent instance of the latter, to your great honor and reputation, in depriving our enemies of the means of annoying us at Castle William and Mary, and at the same time furnishing us with materials to defend our invaluable rights and privileges. This, sir, must ever be had in remembrance, and (amongst the actions of others, our heroes of 1775) handed to the latest posterity. That the Almighty may direct your counsels, be with you in the day of battle, and that you may be preserved as a pattern to this people for many years to come, is our frequent prayer.” In Sullivan’s reply he said: “It gives me great pleasure to find so respectable a number of the worthy sons of freedom, in the colony to which I belong, have so publicly given their approbation of my conduct in assisting to secure the warlike stores at Fort William and Mary, and thereby preventing these evils which must have resulted from our enemies having possession of them.”

Nothing further need be said regarding the value of the powder captured on this occasion, or the boldness of the act itself. At Lexington and Concord the British were the aggressors, the Americans acting on the defensive; but at Newcastle the Americans were the aggressors, made the attack boldly in the open day, and as Quint said, “for the first time in American history the British flag was torn down by men in armed rebellion.” John Sullivan’s history is well known. He and his three brothers gave their best services to the land of their birth, and in memory of those services the state of New Hampshire erected a monument of Concord granite on the site of the church in Durham, under which was stored the powder, and in the presence of the governor, council, and other officials, state and national, and a large concourse of people on Thursday, Sept. 27, 1894, the one hundredth anniversary of his death, dedicated it with appropriate exercises. The inscription reads:

45IN MEMORY OF
JOHN SULLIVAN.
Born Feb. 17, 1740.
Died Jan. 23, 1795.
Erected by the State of New Hampshire upon the
site of the Meeting-house under which was
stored the gunpowder taken from
Fort William and Mary.

The tributes paid to Sullivan’s worth on this occasion by every one of the speakers were ungrudging and hearty. Professor Murkland said: “This may never become a large community, but it will always be exalted by its association with John Sullivan, lawyer, soldier, statesman, and judge.

“The plain granite shaft, inadequate as it may appear, will yet serve, when we shall have been forgotten, to recall the life of one who served his country so bravely and so well that he made slander dumb and malice impotent.”

Gov. John B. Smith said: “It is no invidious distinction to say that of all the New Hampshire men of the Revolutionary period Sullivan was not only peer, he was preëminently chief. His life is a part of the country’s history, and now, by virtue of my office (an office I am all the more proud to hold because John Sullivan filled and honored it), I accept these grounds from the town of Durham, and this monument from the committee in behalf of the state.”

O’Meara said:

“Your deeds for all the land that hold your fame
Shall link you now to love New Hampshire’s name,
While throbs high manhood round her glistening hills—
While patriot gleam or pristine glory thrills.”

Dr. Quint said: “To John Sullivan, the man who in all the American provinces was the first to take up arms against the king, New Hampshire erects this monument of native granite.”

Professor Hadley said: “Washington’s never-failing trust and ever-affectionate respect are of themselves sufficient to prove their possessor’s title clear to proud historic praise; and Sullivan’s name does belong of right to that choice list of eminent commanders which bears such other names as Greene and Knox, Steuben and Stark.”

46Senator Chandler said: “John Sullivan was one of the finest characters of the Revolution. A great general, and as a lawyer, a legislator, a statesman, a governor, and a judge, ranked among the very greatest men of the Revolutionary period. The luster in our annals of the gift to our early glories, bestowed by Ireland in sending to us the family of Sullivan, will never be obliterated or forgotten.”

Senator Blair said: “There is no sphere of public life in which he was not eminent, nor of private life in which he was not influential and beloved. The whole list of Revolutionary worthies does not furnish one name which, on the whole, shines more resplendently in all the great department of public service than that of John Sullivan.”

Hon. Henry M. Baker said: “The influence of such a life never dies. Seldom is it the fortune of any one to serve his country in such diverse yet responsible positions as General Sullivan held and honored. Still more rare to discharge every duty with such great energy and ability.”

Gov. Frederick Smythe said: “Wherever the rights of man are recognized, and so long as government by the people shall endure, the name of John Sullivan must be one of the imperishable, of those who were not born to die.”

Col. Daniel Hall said: “Sullivan is worthy of lasting commemoration as one of the most serviceable of the men it was New Hampshire’s great honor to contribute to the cause of American Independence.”

Secretary of State Stearns wrote: “Sullivan was a born leader of men, and preëminently a man for Revolutionary times. He was not a slave to ancient forms and customs, ruthlessly trampling upon the traditions of his time. He boldly assaulted the conservative barriers that confined the people of New Hampshire within the pale of accustomed usage.

“He early declared for a free government for a free people. In the march of events, when the people reached his early standpoint, the Constitution of 1776 was drafted on the line of his suggestions.”

“It is a century since the life of Sullivan was ended, and the qualities of his character and the magnitude of his work were submitted to the generous estimate of his fellow-men. His fame with the lapse of time suffers no impairment. A brilliant and an accomplished civilian, a distinguished lawyer, a matchless orator, a brave and an able general, a senator, a magistrate, and a governor, he bore his accumulating honors with modesty, and served the state which he loved with the restless power of a vigorous and versatile mind. The study of his life is instructive. Through the vista, obscured by a century, we read the story of his time in the light of the undimmed luster of his achievements.”

REV. GEORGE W. PEPPER
Ohio

VERY REV. ANDREW MORRISSEY
Indiana

COL. O’BRIEN MOORE
West Virginia

JOSEPH T. LAWLESS
Virginia

VICE-PRESIDENTS

47With tributes like these from the men who were associated with John Sullivan in the struggle for independence, as well as from their descendants who participated in the dedication of the monument to his memory, we, who are members of the American-Irish Historical Society, can well be proud of the character and the services of Maj.-Gen. John Sullivan.

Edward J. Brandon, Esq., city clerk of Cambridge, read the following paper:

On a certain April morning, one hundred and twenty-two years ago, Samuel Adams prophetically remarked, “What a glorious morning is this!” and, as I stand here, I cannot restrain the feeling that the shade of that illustrious and honored American makes use of the expression with much greater emphasis to-day.

For the accomplishments of his country during the past four generations, her marvelous strides in acquiring and attaining a potent position among the world’s nations, the tremendous development of her magnificent natural resources, the genius and perseverance displayed by her children, the prosperity and importance of her institutions, the advance of her people in culture, the triumph of her principles of democracy, with its lesson to the world that “the people can be trusted with their own,” are surely causes for congratulation and satisfaction. And all this reality dates from an incident comparatively slight in the world’s history, but which is an important epoch in the story of America.

The period of resistance by the Colonies to British tyranny antedates April 19, 1775, by many years, but the culmination of a series of oppressive acts was realized on that day, and in the exciting events preceding and following the fight at Concord and Lexington, the town of Cambridge acted well its part, and contributed its blood and treasure to the common weal.

All Cambridge knows and feels a glow of patriot’s pride in the Declaration of Independence of the people of Cambridge, made months in advance of the Declaration of the Continental Congress, when the town instructed its representative that if the Provincial Congress should for the safety of the Colonies declare them independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain, “we, the said inhabitants, 48will solemnly engage with our lives and fortunes to support them in the measure.”

In all the preliminary work of the period Cambridge was active and conspicuous, and the animosity aroused by the opposition of her citizens doubtless inspired the hatred of the retreating soldiery of Britain, and caused the shocking brutality which has been told and so often retold. But the history of the time records all these events, and it is needless for me to recite them.

The British troops landed at Lechmere Point on the night of April 18, and marched across the marshes to the Milk Row Road in Charlestown, now Somerville, thence by Beech Street and the present Massachusetts Avenue to Menotomy, Lexington, and Concord. Captain Thatcher and his Cambridge men were among the first to rally for the public safety, and the militia of Cambridge improved the opportunity to attest its loyalty to principle. The muster roll shows that they marched on the alarm, and did service as far as Concord.

Paige, Cambridge’s historian, tells us that from Lexington line to Beech Street the passage of the British troops in retreat was “through a flame of fire.” Despite the fact that the conflict of this day is generally known as Concord Fight or Lexington Battle, the carnage in Cambridge was greater than in any other place, greater than in all others combined; for, according to Rev. Samuel Abbott Smith, in his address at West Cambridge, “at least twenty-two of the Americans, and more than twice that number of the British, fell at West Cambridge.”

Of the fierceness of the conflict we can to-day present ocular proof. The large number of bullet holes in the house then owned by Jacob Watson, some of which may be seen at this time, is one indication of the amount of fighting done in Cambridge; while the spoliation of Cooper’s Tavern in Menotomy and the Memorial stones all along the line of march teach the heat and bitterness of the strife. In our ancient burial ground, by which Lord Percy’s battalion marched to the relief, will be found a neat granite monument over the remains of John Hicks, William Marcy, and Moses Richardson, and in memory of these and of Jason Russell, Jabez Wyman, Jason Winship, buried at Menotomy—men of Cambridge who fell in defense of the liberty of the people.

These things are the inspiration which the Cambridge boy and girl breathe at every step, impelling influences to love of country and fearlessness in her defense.

49The Journal of the Provincial Congress estimates the loss of property in Lexington at £1761, in Cambridge at £1202, and in Concord at £274.

But when we consider these exciting events of that memorable day and read the stories of individual heroism, we feel a particular pride that our race was permitted to be a factor in the great result. It would be to us a matter of sincere regret if Ireland, who had contributed so much that was noble and sublime to the military history of other nations, had been deprived of the opportunity to manifest her sympathy by active participation in the “Lexington Fight.” More especially as the feeling of the people of Ireland was well known to Britain and Britain’s rulers, as is evident from the records of the House of Parliament in 1775, where it is of record that Governor Johnstone, in the debate at the opening of the session used these words:

“I maintain that the sense of the best and wisest men of the country is on the side of the Americans; that three to one of the people of Ireland are on their side; that the soldiers and sailors feel an unwillingness to service; that you will never find the same exertion of spirit in this as in other wars. I am well informed that the four field officers in the four regiments now going from Ireland have desired leave to retire or sell out.”

Again, Mr. George Washington Parke Custis, the adopted son of Washington, says that Ireland contributed men to the Continental Army at the rate of 100 to 1 of any nation before the coming of the French. General Lee—Light Horse Harry—said that one-half of the Continental Army was derived from Ireland. It is an undoubted fact that two hundred and fifty soldiers served in the Revolutionary War who bore the Christian name of Patrick. It is also undoubted that the rolls of the soldiers who served at Bunker Hill contained over one hundred and fifty typical Irish names. Verplank referred to the services of Irishmen in the Revolutionary War in these words: “Both in that glorious struggle for independence and in our more recent contest for American rights, England’s penal laws gave to America the support of hundreds of thousands of brave hearts and strong arms.” I might repeat many more instances did the time permit. Sufficient to say that the opportunity was accorded to Ireland’s sons to do glorious work in the first conflict of the Revolution.

Cullen says: “The Irish came into the full light of colonial history at Lexington and Concord. The cry of Paul Revere roused them to 50take their share in the defense of the common cause. Among them was Hugh Cargill, the Ballyshannon man. To his prompt response Concord owed the safety of her records.”

Rev. Mr. Maccarty is heard from in Worcester on that eventful morning of April 19, 1775. Lincoln’s history of Worcester states that as the minutemen were paraded on the green, under Capt. Timothy Bigelow, a fervent prayer was offered up by Rev. Mr. Maccarty, after which they took up their line of march.

“Another prominent name in the accounts of Concord and Lexington is Dr. Thomas Welsh, who was army surgeon to the patriots. He it was who met brave Dr. Joseph Warren as he rode through Charlestown at about 10 o’clock on the morning of that April day.”

With the evidence of participation indisputable, cannot we of Irish lineage feel the glory of this day as our own right, purchased by the self-sacrificing effort of our predecessors?

And can we not, in fullest measure, in dwelling on the great and famous events of April 19, 1775, exclaim with America’s noble son, “Thank God, I also am an American!”

Cullen (pp. 86, 88) gives the following names found on the rolls of minutemen at that period:

Joseph Burke,
Richard Burke,
Daniel Carey,
Joseph Carey,
Peter Carey,
Patrick Carroll,
Joseph Carroll,
Cornelius Cockran,
Daniel Connors,
William Connors,
James Dempsey,
Philip Donahue,
Joseph Donnell,
John Donnelly,
Andrew Dunnigan,
John Farley,
Michael Farley,
John Flood,
William Flood,
John Foley,
Matthew Gilligen,
Richard Gilpatrick,
James Gleason,
Daniel Griffin,
Joseph Griffin,
John Hacket,
Joseph Hacket,
John Haley,
John Kelly,
Patrick Kelly,
Peter Kelly,
Richard Kelly,
Stephen Kelly,
Daniel Lary,
John McCarty,
Michael McDonnell,
Henry McGonegal,
John McGrah,
Daniel McGuire,
Patrick McKeen,
John McMullen,
John Madden,
Daniel Mahon,
James Mallone,
John Mahoney,
John Murphy,
Patrick Newjent,
Patrick O’Brien,
Richard O’Brien,
Daniel Shay,
John Shea,
John Walsh,
Joseph Walsh.

Joseph Smith, Esq., of Lowell, read the following paper on “The Irishman Ethnologically Considered.”

51It is almost as hopeless a task to define an Irishman as it is to give the dimensions of a perfume; for the Irishman is as evasive and delusive, as pervasive and variable in type and character as the sweetness rising from the glowing bed of flowers.

If this society is to have a logical and reasonable plea for existence, if its title of American-Irish is to mean anything, we must reach some solid basis upon which to build our fabric; we must agree upon an acceptable definition of what is an Irishman.

This is what I shall try to do rather than attempt to show the ethnical components that enter into the Irishman. I have gone past the point in my speculations and theories on the Irishman where I place much stress upon the racial elements that go to make the Irish nation. We must start with these facts—the race and the nation are two distinctly different things; the terms Celtic and Irish are not synonymous.

I will state, so as to avoid the polemics of ethnology, just a few facts upon which all people are agreed, to explain why I attach so little importance to the merely racial elements that go to make up a nation. The islands of Ireland and Great Britain were at one time peopled by the one race which was known variously as the Celtic, Cymric, and Gaelic. By emigration, conquest, settlement, slavery, and intermarriage, and all those causes that mix races, Dane, Norse, German, Norman-French, Dutch, French, Walloon, and Flemish were mingled and intermingled with the original race, the constituent elements varying with time, place, and circumstances. So we have to-day in Ireland, Scotland, Wales, and England four distinct peoples different in characteristics, temperaments, thought, and methods, peoples made up practically from the very same elements. As the different sections of Great Britain are separated by purely artificial frontiers, they do not differ as profoundly as do the people of Ireland from those of the neighboring island. We observe in this republic people who claim a direct descent from English and other stocks producing a people as widely separated in thought, ideals, and physical appearance, and other distinctive features from the stock of the old countries as the Russian is from the Spaniard.

It is clear to me that there are other and more potent elements that make and differentiate peoples than mere racial admixtures.

The Irish, though speaking the English tongue and living under laws foreign to the instincts of the people, are a nation apart from the English, hating intensely the tie that binds them, out of sympathy with English ideas, ambitions, religions, and methods; and yet 52they are both the product of the same racial elements, the alleged preponderance of the Celt in the Irish being largely a matter of doubt and speculation.

What is it, then, that makes this tremendous difference in the two nations? What were the forces that were at work to produce from the same ingredients such profoundly different results? That is the question we must answer; and in answering it we will reach the basic idea of this society. Let me try and answer it in my way, and endeavor to show as simply as possible what an Irishman is.

There are in England as well as in America, among that class that for lack of a better term we must call Celtophobes, those who have an original if unsatisfactory and unscientific way of answering this question which adds to the accumulation of their stolen laurels and seems to afford them much satisfaction. If an Irishman break the record in science, art, literature, or any department of human activity, he is at once classed as an Englishman in England, an American in America; if, however, he merely break the Decalogue, the law, a bank, or his mother’s heart, he must perforce be an Irishman. This differentiation will not do for us, however.

There are some things we must remember, for our work has to bear the closest scrutiny and the most searching criticism.

The characteristics which we deem essentially Irish are not distinctly Irish; they are merely more widely distributed among the Irish. Wit, humor, poesy, melancholy, loyalty to faith and fatherland, patience under trial and hardship, daring in adventure, valor in battle,—these are found in all lands, among all peoples, though the Irish have displayed them so conspicuously in all the centuries that some, aye, many of our own people have come to regard them as exclusively theirs. While good blood will tell and bad, we must look to other things, we must consider other causes than race and blood, if we are to understand the workings of a mysterious Deity and learn how he makes nations and differentiates peoples.

The crude ore lies in the mines of the hills all over the earth, potential in its possibilities, yet heavy, dull, inert, awaiting the day when man shall dig it from its hiding place, try it in the fires of the furnace, beat it on the anvil and transform it into the polished rail that ties together the ends of civilization, that will shape it into the massive engine that carries the fruits of industry and commerce to the uttermost parts of the world, that moulds it into the type and press that spreads intelligence and frees the soul, and that fashions it into the sword that frees the slave. And as the ore, so is man; 53he must be tried in the fires to be re-made for the work he is to do. The elements lie everywhere; circumstances and conditions weld and mould him into nations. He may creep on into the centuries dull, heavy, oppressed, carrying the thrall of the master, content that he shall eat and drink and sleep in the peace of ignorance, content that his master shall do his thinking and fighting, heedless who the master is, for the hands of all are heavy; taking his religion and his lot from him who rules and starves him.

Others there are who have lived for centuries watching the tide of civilization and the higher life sweep by them, too hotly engaged in the struggle of life and death to snatch the prizes as they go by. Such a land for the long centuries has been Ireland. Seven hundred years has Ireland felt the edge of the sword, and for seven centuries she has shown the naked breast and empty hand to the oppressor, beaten but unsubdued.

Into the fires of hate and oppression, into the hell of battle and persecution, into the inferno of famine, misgovernment, robbery, torture, and all the evils that cold, deliberate malice and wickedness could invent, Celt and Saxon, Norman and French, Dane and Norse, Englishman and Scotchman were thrown, to be fused and mingled, that, in the cooling, God might draw from the ashes the Irishman.

In all those long dark centuries his courage never failed, his hope never dimmed, his faith in God never faltered; he never acknowledged the right of might; he accepted nothing from the man who boasted himself the conqueror of him who is to-day unconquered; he believed the day would come, and it is coming, when the forces of evil would sink beneath the scorn of the world.

In this terrible school the Irishman was made; here was learned the infinite patience of his kind; here was bred that mental alertness, that wit and humor, tinged with the melancholy the world calls typical; here he drank into his blood the courage and flame and battle, that marches him to death with a song and a laugh; here every fiber and tissue of his elemental parts were made over, and upon the green sod, that blood-soaked soil, he preserved the virtues of the man who lives with God and nature.

### THIS IS THE IRISHMAN.

The man born on Irish soil, breathing Irish air, drinking in the beauty of the hills and vales and streams and loughs of Ireland, listening to whispering winds of Irish seas, hearing the story and 54legend of the Irish days long gone, his heart and soul responding to the hopes of those around him, be his father English or Norman, Scotch or Welsh, Dane or Norse, French or Dutch, that man will grow into an Irishman. This is the verdict of history; this is the experience of seven centuries. Let them come from where they will, those who plunge into the Irish Lethe emerge on the other bank Irishmen, better betimes than the son of the older race, more Irish than the Irish.

Conditions, climate, environment are more potent than blood; they are the instruments with which God works. The normal man born on Irish soil and growing to manhood on it is an Irishman. Carry him to the most remote quarter of the earth, and he is still Irish, and his children even to the tenth generation.

On May 4, 1897, the sad tidings reached the society of the death of Admiral Meade, the President of the society. He was born in New York City, 1837; appointed midshipman Oct. 2, 1850; first sea service in sloop-of-war Preble, 1851; warrant as master and commission as lieutenant, 1858; lieutenant-commander, 1862; was a commander in 1870; commissioned captain in 1880; became a commodore in 1892, and rear-admiral in 1894; admitted to the society at its organization, Jan. 20, 1897, and chosen President-General of the same, being the first to hold the office.

The Meade family has been to a wonderful extent identified with the growth and development of our national life. A glance at the societies of which Admiral Meade was a member, will show the active and heroic part this family has taken in every movement since the settlement of the land.

1. The Order of the Founders and Patriots of America, 1607–57, 1775–83. (Councillor of New York Society.)

Period 1607–57.
Ancestors. | 1) Vincent Meigs, 1583–1658.
| 2) John Meigs, 1st, 1612–72.
| 3) John Meigs, 2d, 1640–91.

THEODORE ROOSEVELT
New York City

PATRICK WALSH
Georgia

THOMAS ADDIS EMMET
New York City

55Vincent Meigs and his son John, 1st, were emigrants to Connecticut in 1637–38, and in 1639 were among the founders of Guilford, Conn. John Meigs, 2d, was one of the patentees of Guilford mentioned in the Charter granted by James II to the town, May 25, 1685.

#### Period 1775–83.

The patriot progeny of the above-named who made their mark in the War of Independence were four brothers (sons of Admiral Meade’s maternal great-great-grandfather, Return Meigs, of Middletown, Conn., born 1708, died 1770) as follows:

1) Col. Return Jonathan Meigs, of the 6th Connecticut line, born 1740, died 1823. He was with Montgomery at Quebec, having crossed the wilderness with Arnold, and he commanded the expedition against Sag Harbor, May 21, 1777, which destroyed the British vessels’ defenses and stores. He was one of the four colonels that led the forlorn hope at the storming of Stony Point, July 15, 1779, under General Wayne. He figures as one of the best and most reliable soldiers of the Revolution.

2) Maj. Giles Meigs.

3) Capt. John Meigs.

4) Josiah Meigs, of Yale College. (Eighteen years of age when Revolution broke out.)

2. The Society of Colonial Wars, 1607–1775.

Admiral Meade was the Deputy-Governor of the District of Columbia Society.

Ancestors. 1) Maj. Simon Willard, born 1605, died 1676. (Son of Richard Willard, of Horsemonden, Kent, Esquire.)

Simon Willard emigrated from England to America in 1634, and in 1635 was one of the founders of Concord in the colony of Massachusetts Bay; deputy to the General Court, 1636–54; assistant to governor and a councillor from 1654–76; commander-in-chief of the expedition of the United Colonies against Ninigret, Sachem of the Nyantics, 1655; led the heroic relief against the Indians at the battle of Brookfield; commanded the Middlesex Regiment of Massachusetts troops in King Philip’s War; a magistrate of Salem.

562) Capt. Janna Meigs, born 1672, died 1739. (Son of John Meigs, 2d, of Guilford.) Served in the Queen Anne Wars as lieutenant and captain of the Guilford Company; deputy to the General Court of the Province of Connecticut in 1717–26.

3. The Military Order of Foreign Wars of the United States of America.

War of Independence.—War with Tripoli.—War of 1812.—War with Mexico.

Admiral Meade was Vice-Commander-General for Pennsylvania.

Hereditary member by right of his father, Richard Worsam Meade, 2d, who served as a lieutenant in the U. S. Navy, during the Mexican War, on board of the U. S. frigate Potomac, Captain Aulick, at Vera Cruz.

Incidentally it may be said that Richard Worsam Meade, 1st, was naval agent of the United States abroad, during the War of Tripoli and War of 1812, and that George Meade (father of R. W. Meade, 1st) was a prominent agitator against the Stamp Act of 1765, and was one of the signers of the non-importation resolutions of merchants of Philadelphia, Oct. 25, 1765, and though a man of wealth, served as a private soldier in 3d battalion of Col. Cadwalader’s regiment. He gave £2000 sterling to the fund for Washington’s suffering army at Valley Forge. Was a member of the Philadelphia “Associators” during the Revolutionary War. Left the city when the British army came in and did not return until Washington’s troops reoccupied it.

4. The Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, 1861–65. Pennsylvania Commandery.

Joined 1866, No. 187 on general roll.

5. The Grand Army of the Republic, 1861–65.

Commander of Lafayette Post, No. 140, Department of New York. Reelected December, 1896, for a second term.

6. The California Pioneer Society of New York City, 1849–50.

An ex-President of the society, 1893–94.

577. The New England Society in the city of New York. Life member.

8. The American Catholic Society of Philadelphia.

9. The Christ Church Historical Society of Philadelphia.

10. The National Geographical Society of Washington, D. C.

11. The Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, New York City. A Vice-President of the society.

12. The Navy Mutual Aid Society. An ex-President, having held the office five years.

13. The Society of Graduates of the U. S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md. Class of 1850.

Admiral Meade is also a lineal descendant of John Benjamin (gentleman), who came over from Wales, England, with Governor Winthrop in 1630, and settled at Cambridge, Mass. His son John removed to Connecticut. Admiral Meade’s great-great-grandfather, Col. John Benjamin, of Stratford, served in the War of Independence and received a British musket ball in his shoulder at the battle of Ridgefield. His brother, Col. Aaron Benjamin, of Stratford, was with Montgomery in the expedition to Quebec, and in the battles of White Plains, Princeton, Monmouth, Germantown, Fort Mifflin, Stony Point, and at Valley Forge. He was more than one hundred times under fire. At Stony Point, it is said, he was the second man to enter the fort. He was lieutenant and adjutant during the greater part of his service.

The Admiral is also a lineal descendant of John Hopkins, of Hartford, Conn., who came to America in 1630. This John Hopkins is now alleged to have been one of the children (by first wife) of Stephen Hopkins, who came over in the Mayflower, 1620, and was the fourteenth signer of the compact of the Plymouth colonists. It is alleged (see the Signers of Mayflower Compact, by A. A. Haxtun) that John Hopkins (of Hartford) having a harsh stepmother, was left behind with his dead mother’s relatives in England, but followed his father to America in 1630, being then only seventeen years of age.

58Another line of descent is through Thomas Coates, who came over with William Penn in 1682. The descendant of this Thomas Coates was William Coates, of Philadelphia (a colonel in the Revolution), and the great-great-grandfather of the admiral.

Summing up the various strains of blood, here is the result:

Irish.—Meade, Butler.

English.—Meigs, Willard, Hopkins, Austin, Worsam, Stretch, Hosmer, Hamlin, Wilcox, Judd, Fry, Backus, Beckley, Sharpe, and Bronson.

Welsh.—Benjamin.

French.—Jacques.

Religions. Catholic.—Meade.

Church of England.—Worsam, Butler, Austin, Richard Willard.

Non-Conformist or Puritan.—Meigs, Simon Willard, Hopkins, Hosmer, Benjamin, Wilcox, Hamlin, Judd, Fry, Backus, Beckley, Bronson, and Sharpe.

Quaker.—Coates.

Huguenot.—Jacques.[2]

2. This Jacques was Thomas Jacques, who, with his wife Elizabeth, were Huguenot refugees from France, settling in Leicestershire, England. They subsequently emigrated to America, and their daughter Beulah married, October, 1694, Thomas Coates (son of Henry), who was born 1659 in Sproxton, England, emigrated, as before stated, with William Penn, and died in Philadelphia, July 22, 1719.

At the funeral of Admiral Meade, the society was represented by Messrs. Edward A. Moseley, J. R. Carmody, J. D. O’Connell, and Capt. John M. Tobin. The honorary bearers were: Rear-Admiral John G. Walker, Commodore Charles S. Norton, Admiral George Dewey, Commodore Norman H. Farquhar, Commodore Winfield S. Schley, Capt. A. S. Crowninshield, Capt. Charles O’Neil, U. S. N., and Col. Charles Heywood, United States Marine Corps. Eight stalwart seamen bore the body. A battalion of marines from the Washington barracks, under command of Capt. E. B. Robinson, and a delegation 59from Lafayette Post of New York City, escorted the body to Arlington, preceded by the United States Marine Band.

The following letter was subsequently received:

1100 Vermont Ave.,
Washington, D. C., May 7, 1897.

My Dear Mr. Moseley:—Your kind and sympathetic note of the 5th was most gratefully received, as was also the beautiful emblem of your society, which now rests on my father’s grave. On behalf of my mother and sisters, as well as myself, I want to thank you, individually, and the American-Irish Historical Society, for the touching tributes you have paid his memory. We shall not forget how much this crushing blow has been lightened by the sympathy of my father’s associates in the organizations of which he was a member.

Respectfully and sincerely yours,
(Signed) Richard W. Meade, Jr.

The council of the society, at its September meeting, was entertained by the Rhode Island members at a banquet in Pawtucket, at which Hon. Hugh J. Carroll presided. Mr. Thomas Hamilton Murray delivered the following address of welcome on that occasion:

Gentlemen of the Council of the American-Irish Historical Society,—We are glad to have the honor of your visit, and we hope that your stay in Pawtucket will be pleasant to you and profitable to the great movement in which you are engaged.

The organization you represent seeks to write an unwritten chapter of American history, an essential chapter which has been too long ignored. Yet, until this chapter is written and its prime importance recognized, American history as published will be radically defective.

Every American, therefore, no matter what his ancestry and no matter what his creed, must wish you Godspeed in your patriotic labors.

While supplying this missing chapter in American history, you are at the same time helping to supply a missing chapter in Rhode Island history.

The Irish chapter in the history of Rhode Island has its roots away back in the days of Roger Williams. But it is little known by this generation. In the old colonial days men of Irish blood figured 60prominently in this land of refuge. Like Williams and his colleagues, they found here a haven of peace, found rest and freedom.

Many soldiers of Irish birth or extraction battled during King Philip’s War, 1675–76, in defense of the homes and lives of the settlers. Not a few of them participated in the Great Swamp Fight in Southern Rhode Island, and settled here when that war had ended. We may mention as an interesting fact that an Irishman, Robert Beers, was killed by the Indians in 1676 within a few miles of where you meet to-night.

Another Irishman, Charles Macarty (McCarthy), was one of the founders in 1677 of our town of East Greenwich. The town of Warren in this state was named in honor of an Irishman, Sir Peter Warren, whose deeds of valor no word of ours need chronicle.

Irish Rhode Islanders are heard from in the capture of Louisburg, and there the bones of some of them repose to this day.

The Revolution found among its most ardent supporters in Rhode Island men of Irish lineage. The Blacks, the Dorrances, the Sterlings, the Larkins, and a host of other people of Hibernian origin are evidence of this.

General Knox, a member of the Boston Charitable Irish Society, was here during the early part of the Revolution; Gen. John Sullivan, son of the Irish schoolmaster, commanded the Rhode Island Department for a considerable period, and was in command of the patriot forces at the siege of Newport and the battle that ensued. His brother James, the Governor of Massachusetts, received in after years the degree of LL.D. from Brown University.

You see, therefore, gentlemen, that Rhode Island is rich in historic material for your society. The shaft needs but be sunk to bring the treasures to the surface. Your coming here on this occasion helps to sink it.

We Rhode Islanders are very proud of our little state. That much of the Irish chapter in the history of this state is but little known we acknowledge and regret.

Yet some of it we do know. We recall many noble men that Ireland has given us—Berkeley, McSparran, Brown, Jackson, and the rest. We recall the Irishman Wilson, who was head of one of the first free schools opened in Providence, and of those other Irish schoolmasters here at an early day—Kelly, Reilly, Knox, Phelan. May their memory be in benediction!

We know, too, that Irish blood was not wanting in the veins of Perry and of Burnside. At least two of our governors could truthfully 61claim an Irish ancestry on the one side or the other, and at least three of our secretaries of state. We know that at the founding of Rhode Island College, now Brown University, the first funds for the institution came from Ireland, generously contributed by Irish men and women.

We are aware that many people of Irish extraction have married into families of other extractions, some of these families representing the oldest in the state. Thus we learn from the colonial and state records that a Mahoney wedded an Olney, that a McGowan married an Angell, that a McCarthy married a Maxson, that a Connor became the wife of a Robinson, a McLoughlin the wife of a Steere, a Murphy the husband of a Pitman. We see, moreover, that Prudence Mathewson became Mrs. Kelley, that Harriet Thayer became Mrs. Patrick Brown, that Rachel Aldrich wedded David Flynn.

Patrick Cunningham, the records show, was married in Providence to Mary Goddard; Sally Mahoney became the wife of Asa Capron. The records further show the marriage of persons bearing the following names: Heffernan and Coggeshall, Flanagan and Cornell, Riley and Sabin, Fallon and Cook, Connor and Odlin, Burke and Greene, Kenney and Chadwick, Mulholland and Hooper, Hurlihy and Thorp, Carroll and Slater, O’Brien and Newcome, McGee and Perkins, Donohue and Sutleff, Egan and Wilson, and a long list of others.

I have already referred to the Olney name. I take it up again. Thomas Olney came from England in 1635, and was one of the original thirteen proprietors of Providence. His descendants are widespread. Some of them were married as follows: Benjamin Olney to Mary McFadyan, Sylvester Olney to Eliza McLaughlin, Sylvanus Olney to Joanna W. Gorman, Frances M. Olney to J. P. Mahan, George E. Olney to Mary E. Gilpatrick, Thomas D. Olney to Mary A. Dunagan, Bradley Olney to Dora Fitzgerald, William N. Olney to Mary Oday (O’Day), Amanda Olney to Jerry Mackay, Louis B. Olney to Kitty Sheehan, Hattie M. Olney to Casper McManus.

This indicates that the process of assimilation has been progressing in Rhode Island for many generations, and that Irish blood courses to-day through the veins of thousands of the old Rhode Island stock.

These things we know, but there are many other facts just as important we do not know.

We depend upon you, gentlemen, and the society of which you are the official representatives, to unroll the drapery so that our knowledge may be greatly increased.

Again we say, welcome to Pawtucket!

62Addresses were made by Joseph Smith, of Lowell; James Jeffrey Roche, of Boston; and Thomas B. Lawler, of Worcester.

On May 15, 1897, Hon. Edward A. Moseley, of Washington, D. C., was chosen President-General of the society, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Admiral Meade.

A committee of three Washington members of the society was appointed to wait upon Mr. Moseley and officially notify him of his selection. This committee consisted of Mr. J. D. O’Connell of the U. S. Treasury Department; Paymaster Carmody, U. S. N., and Capt. John M. Tobin.

The committee had waited upon Mr. Moseley as instructed, and Chairman O’Connell thus presented the matter:

Mr. Moseley,—Complying with the directions of the Council of the American-Irish Historical Society, we have come to announce to you, in their name, your selection as President-General of the society.

To be the bearer of such information is generally a pleasant duty; and it would be a pleasure to us in this instance, were it not for the bereavement felt so keenly by every member of our society because of the death of its first President-General, the late Richard W. Meade, Rear-Admiral of the United States Navy—illustrious in name and lineage and in the annals of his country.

It is a great honor to you, sir, to have been selected by the unanimous voice of our council to the highest office in our society, in immediate succession to such an illustrious man. Nevertheless, we hope that under your administration the society is destined to grow with the growth and strengthen with the strength of the Republic, and that it will eventually achieve the glorious object of its institution, namely, to prove to the civilized world, and especially to the “English-speaking peoples,” that there is no distinction of blood or race among the colonists and their descendants who peopled this part of the continent from Great Britain and Ireland; that they and the succeeding and ever-increasing waves of immigration, up to and long after the Revolutionary War, were all people of the same mixture of blood—Celtic and Germanic; the Celtic—and in that the Irish Celtic—then predominant, as it still continues to be in every region of the globe where the English language is spoken; predominant also on every ocean where floats our own flag, and the flag of “our kin beyond the sea,” which bears the insignia of the “three kingdoms”—a flag we do not now respect, and never shall while it is the emblem of tyranny in any land or on any sea.

GEN. JAMES R. O’BEIRNE
New York

M. J. HARSON
Rhode Island

GEN. M. C. BUTLER
South Carolina

GEN. ST. CLAIR A. MULHOLLAND
Pennsylvania

VICE-PRESIDENTS
63

#### The President-General’s Reply.

President-General Moseley replied as follows:

Gentlemen,—Deeply appreciative as I am of the honor conferred upon me by your tendering me the position of President-General of the American-Irish Historical Society, I feel that the compliment is greatly enhanced by my having been selected to fill the place so recently made vacant by the death of one of our most illustrious fellow-citizens, the late Rear-Admiral Richard W. Meade, of the United States Navy.

Honored by all true patriots for the loyalty, courage, and professional ability which so eminently distinguished him in his country’s hour of trial, and throughout his whole career, no more fitting representative of the Irish people, to whose history our society is devoted, could have been chosen as its first President-General, than Rear-Admiral Meade, who bore a name renowned as well in the army as in the navy of our country.

While fully conscious of my being all too unworthy to occupy a position which my predecessor so adequately filled, yet, as I am most earnestly and heartily in sympathy with the objects of the American-Irish Historical Society, and willing to share in its labors and responsibilities, I cannot but accede to your wishes, whatever misgivings I may have as to my ability to fulfill your expectations.

My descent from Irish ancestry, of which I am justly proud, and also from the English and Welsh, not only enables me to regard myself as among typical Americans in respect of origin, as well as aspirations and pride of country, but renders me fondly sympathetic with the aims and purposes of this American-Irish Society.

The main purpose of the American-Irish Historical Society is to elucidate the history of the Irish element in our people and the extent of the contributions to our development and civilization since the earliest colonial period,—a rich and greatly neglected field for historical research.

The society intends to demonstrate the fact that this element has not been given the credit which is its due by the writers of American history, and to prove by authoritative records that from the earliest days of the settlement of this country up to the present day, it has 64done its part towards establishing and maintaining this great Republic, and in developing its greatness in every field of its achievements.

But it is not solely to chronicle the deeds of Irish ancestors, or their descendants, and our contemporaries that we have organized an historical society.

Ownership, or the right of possession, as well as pride of descent, tend to make one a better citizen. We, therefore, desire that as our young men grow up they may feel that they inherit the right of ownership in our great country; that their ancestors have done their part towards the up-building of the grandest nation upon earth—a part not surpassed by any other element of our people, and therefore that they should always exercise the right of citizenship as a sacred trust transmitted to them for the glory and welfare of their country.

Of all those who by immigration have helped to people our country, the Irish have come imbued with the most intense feeling of loyalty towards our institutions, and it may be safely asserted that, since our independence of English rule was proclaimed, every true Irishman has felt, on landing in America, that the American shore was not a foreign shore for him. To perpetuate this feeling is the crowning object for which the society is organized.

Again sincerely thanking the society, through the committee, for the honor conferred upon him, President-General Moseley assured them that he would discharge the duties of the office to the very best of his ability.

In answer to the subjoined call the third meeting was held Nov. 16, 1897.

Office of the Secretary-General,
Pawtucket, R. I., Nov. 1, 1897.

Dear Sir:—You are hereby notified that the third meeting of the American-Irish Historical Society will be held at Young’s Hotel, Boston, Mass., on Tuesday evening, Nov. 16, 1897.

There will be a business session of the society at 6.30 P.M., followed, at 7.30 o’clock, by a dinner and post-prandial exercises of an interesting nature.

The after-dinner features will include:

(1) An address by the presiding officer.

(2) The reading of letters from distinguished members of the society unable to be present.

65(3) A paper by Mr. Dennis Harvey Sheahan, of Providence, R. I. (ex-clerk of the Rhode Island House of Representatives), on “The Need of an Organization such as the A. I. H. S., and its Scope.”

(4) A congratulatory letter from His Excellency Elisha Dyer, Governor of Rhode Island.

(5) An address by Mr. John Mackinnon Robertson, of London, author of The Saxon and the Celt.

(6) A communication to the society from Hon. Joseph T. Lawless, Secretary of State, Virginia.

(7) A paper on “The O’Briens of Machias, in the Revolution,” by Mr. H. W. Chaplin, of Boston, Mass., who is a descendant of the O’Briens.

Invitations to attend the dinner have been extended Rear-Admiral Belknap, U. S. N.; Dr. John Sullivan, a descendant of Gen. John Sullivan of the Revolution; and President Andrews, of Brown University. President Andrews’s work on American history is well known, and his patriotic address recently, before the Twentieth Century Club, will not soon be forgotten.

It is earnestly desired that every member of the society who can possibly be present at the coming meeting will attend and help make the event the great success it so richly deserves.

Fraternally, and in behalf of the Executive Council of the Society,

Thomas Hamilton Murray,
Secretary-General.

The third general meeting of the American-Irish Historical Society was held at Young’s Hotel, Boston, on the evening of November 16, about seventy members being in attendance. Gen. James R. O’Beirne, Vice-President for New York, presided at the business session. Secretary-General Thomas Hamilton Murray made his official report, saying:

The society is steadily growing in membership, and is receiving an excellent class of active workers. Many of these new accessions are gentlemen of national reputation. Before the year closes it is expected that between five and six hundred members will have been enrolled. Since the founding of the organization last January, three members have died. They were Postmaster Coveney, of Boston; Rear-Admiral Meade, who was the first President-General of the society; and Lawrence J. Smith, of Lowell, Mass.

66Twenty-eight states, the District of Columbia, and two foreign countries are now represented in the society’s membership. Since the last gathering of the organization the council of the society has held a number of meetings, and has materially furthered the movement.

The organization has enlisted widespread attention, and requests for genealogical information, historical data and facts relating to early Irish settlers in this country have been received almost daily. Several of the society’s members are of Revolutionary stock, and some are descendants of officers who served under Washington. Some of the members, too, trace their American ancestry back to a period anterior to King Philip’s War.

Since the last meeting an excellent article descriptive of the society and its purposes has been contributed to the Granite State Monthly, of Concord, N. H., by the Treasurer-General, John C. Linehan. A committee of Washington members of the society now has in preparation a diploma of membership and a seal. This committee will probably be ready to submit its designs at the next meeting. The members at the national capital have extended the society a cordial invitation to hold its coming meeting in that city, and have, in fact, already begun preparations for the event, under the direction of President-General Moseley. Gen. James R. O’Beirne, on behalf of the New York members, has also tendered the organization an invitation to meet in the near future in that city.

The last meeting of the society’s council was held in Pawtucket, R. I., as the guests of the members in that place and Providence. The meeting was very profitable to the cause. Several new members were obtained for the organization; and the entertainers’ hospitality was unbounded. The council has been invited to attend similar gatherings in Worcester, Lawrence, and other cities. This indicates the interest aroused. Massachusetts has at present the largest representation in the society; then follow in order Maine, New Hampshire, New York, Rhode Island, and Pennsylvania.

At the conclusion of Mr. Murray’s report a committee of three was appointed to take suitable action on the death of Lawrence J. Smith, of Lowell, Mass. The committee consists of Joseph Smith, Lowell; Thomas B. Lawler, Worcester; and Capt. P. S. Curry, Lynn.

William McConway, of Pittsburg, Pa., presented a check for $50 to the society.

67It was voted to hold the next meeting of the society in New York City.

The business session then adjourned, and the company proceeded to dinner.

Hon. Thomas J. Gargan presided; and seated on his right and left were John Mackinnon Robertson, of London; Admiral Belknap, U. S. N.; Gen. J. R. O’Beirne, New York; Hon. P. A. Collins, Boston; Col. John C. Linehan, Concord, N. H.; Rev. Edward McSweeney, Bangor, Me.; James Jeffrey Roche, of Boston; Thomas B. Lawler, of Worcester; and Joseph Smith, of Lowell.

Around the tables were noted: the Revs. William P. McQuaid, Boston; John Harty, Pawtucket, R. I.; J. H. Lyons, Boston; Dr. W. D. Collins, Haverhill, Mass.; Dennis H. Sheahan, Providence, R. I.; Stephen J. Casey, Providence; Osborne Howes, Boston; Humphrey O’Sullivan, Lowell, Mass.; J. F. Brennan, Peterboro, N. H.; Representative John Jolly, Alderman Thomas O’Brien, and Hugh J. Lee, Pawtucket, R. I.; Daniel Donovan, Timothy Donovan, and P. S. Curry, Lynn, Mass.; Hon. Joseph H. O’Neil, Dr. William H. Grainger, Dr. P. J. Timmins, M. A. Toland, Edward A. McLaughlin, M. J. Jordan, Dr. P. F. Gavin, Charles E. S. MacCorry, Joseph P. Flatley, Jeremiah W. Fogarty, all of Boston; Edmund Reardon, Capt. J. F. Murray, and Edward M. Manning, of Cambridge, Mass.; James Cunningham and Frank W. Cunningham, of Portland, Me.; and many others.

After dinner a short but stirring speech was made by the presiding officer, Hon. Thomas J. Gargan, who said in part:

It cannot be otherwise than interesting to analyze the materials entering into the warp and woof of our democratic fabric. We are a nation receiving emigrants from almost every country on the face of the globe. We are endeavoring to amalgamate people of different races, languages, and religions into a homogeneous mass, eliminating all that is vicious, and so refining what is good, hoping to evolve the best type of manhood and womanhood to be found in the coming century.

Doubtless the descendants of each race making contributions to 68our population will perform their share of the work in tracing their early settlements and their efforts in up-building the Republic. Our share of the work is to examine the data and preserve the records of the Irish and their descendants, and their contributions to the settlement of the original Colonies, the founding of the nation, the upholding of the Union, and the maintenance of democratic institutions.

Proud of our ancestry, yet loving the United States and loyal to our citizenship, we desire a fair share of credit for what they have accomplished. We respect the Germans, the French, the Italians, and the genuine Scotchman; but for that masquerading misnomer, the Scotch-Irishman, who claims no ancestry and no country as his own, we have only contempt; and he will go down to posterity as he deserves, “unwept, unhonored, and unsung.”

A distinguished man has said “the Irish have fought successfully the battles of all countries but their own.” They have also contributed their full share to the civilization and progress of all English-speaking people. That they possess brilliant qualities is not denied; but it is charged that they lack steadiness of purpose. I think a careful and critical study of the history of this country will refute this assertion.

To assert that they have imperfections is but to say they are human. For much of their humanity, I say God bless them. I wish there was a little more humanity in the world in our day.

We of this society are only asking that they may be spoken of and written of impartially, truthfully. “Nothing extenuate, nor set down aught in malice.” We will accept our share of just criticism. The malice and insolence of ignorance have unfortunately held the platform too long. It is our duty to endeavor to refute errors with clear statements of cold facts. For such purposes this society was organized; and it is very gratifying to be able to announce that in ten months since its organization we have already a list of nearly five hundred members coming from almost every state in the Union, representing some of the most distinguished men and families of the Republic. I congratulate you, fellow-members, on this signal success.

Mr. Gargan then introduced Mr. John Mackinnon Robertson, of London, author of many striking books and pamphlets, but most widely and favorably known to members of the Society and Irish-Americans generally by his masterly work, The Saxon and the Celt. Mr. Robertson is a tall, handsome man of forty, with dark hair, moustache and beard, and a well-modulated 69voice, which without effort reached the furthest part of the room. He gesticulates very seldom, and uses none of the tricks of the practiced orator; but he held his audience in rapt attention throughout his whole discourse, evoking applause and laughter at frequent intervals. He is a firm believer in the ultimate and not far distant triumph of Home Rule; and his advice to the American friends of the cause had the merit of novelty at least.

### Mr. Robertson’s Address.

Mr. Robertson expressed the satisfaction with which he found himself at a union of an Irish society whose purpose was the systematic and dispassionate study of a department of the history of the race. The new movement was the more hopeful, seeing that it proceeded on democratic lines. It was said that war could not be carried on by a committee. If the military gentlemen present would forgive him, he would confess that he wished it could not be done in any other way, either (laughter); but he was sure that historical research could very well be so carried on. In so far as the Nationalist movement had of late years lost headway, it could fairly be said that it was because of an imperfect application of the spirit of democracy in its ranks. A great man was at once one of the greatest boons that could befall any cause, and one of the greatest dangers, because where the great man was all in all, the powers of the lesser men were undeveloped, and their faculty of coöperation was in a measure destroyed. The Nationalist movement had been shattered somewhat as the party of Cromwell was shattered at his death; but it would find the cure which, in the old case, had not been forthcoming (applause). Every development of democratic methods would make for reconstruction.

Above all, the present movement was full of promise, because it was essentially scientific in its aim.

Dennis Harvey Sheahan, of Providence, R. I., read the following paper on “The Need of an Organization such as the American-Irish Historical Society, and its Scope”:

70The history of a country is dear to the heart of the lover of that country. By the aid of historical study we learn of the origin, growth, and development of a race of people; their customs, religions, laws, governments; their accomplishments and what they have contributed to the economy of the world. The historian points out the past to the present and future. He puts aside the veil that has gathered about the dim past, opens up to the gaze of the bright present the panorama of human achievement, and blazes the way for his successor in the rosy future.

What the clergyman learns from the theological disputations of the past, the poring monk has gathered together; what the physician now acquires with comparative ease is furnished him by the knowledge garnered from the experience of his brethren from the time when man learned that pain and aches affected his being; what the lawyer gains from precedents is a guiding light which sheds its rays upon problems of jurisprudence that the legal lore of the past generations has taken from the leaves of experience; what formulæ the scientist is able to demonstrate he owes to the observations of men who, through the ages, have chronicled the phenomena of nature; the statesman is able to meet the crises of the present by being informed as to other crises in governmental affairs.

The citizen of a republic who neglects to learn the fundamental principles upon which rest the laws of the land, who does not know how the country was developed and maintained, is as a blind man, and is not able to bring to the exercise of his suffrage the amount of intelligence that the country has a right to require from him.

This obligation comes to us in a twofold capacity. We, as citizens of this great Republic, should study the history of our country from a patriotic standpoint, while as Irishmen, or descendants of that race, it should be not only a duty but a pleasure to learn of the deeds of Irishmen in America.

Therefore, an organization such as the American-Irish Historical Society, if it had no other raison d’être, would accomplish a patriotic purpose if it served only as an incentive to the study of the deeds of Irishmen in America.

It has become almost a maxim in historical matters that the history of events cannot be accepted as facts until the generation which lived at the time said events occurred has passed away.

The passions, influences, and conditions which generate, shape, and control events lend a coloring to their recital which, deep-lined or faint as painted by the writer at the time, are toned down or made 71stronger by the historian of a future generation who, unmindful of passions, influences, or conditions, and with an eye single to the preservation of history by means of the truth, makes past occurrences stand out in their true light.

Deeds that have received but a passing mention from writers whose minds were biased are rescued from an unmerited insignificance and placed high in the Temple of Fame, while highly extolled acts, given an undue prominence by a partisan writer, are consigned to a merited oblivion by the historian of a later but more impartial epoch.

It is not often true of history that the stone which was rejected by the builder becomes the corner stone of the edifice.

A member of the Society of Friends who desires to familiarize himself with the history of his sect in New England would find but little of the truth in the writings which have come from such intellectual dyspeptics as Cotton Mather and his disciples. But in the unwritten history of Quaker persecutions that have become legendary, by the purity of their lives, by their nobility of character and their Christianizing influences, the pioneers of that faith stand out in bold relief in the religious history of Puritan New England, with its dark background of scourging, mutilation, banishments, and hangings.

By analogy, how can the Irish-American race expect that the history of Irishmen in New England can be presented in just proportion to the true merits of the case?

In fact, who has heard much of Irishmen in New England until the present generation? As in New England, so throughout the Colonies. The Virginia Cavalier was not less hostile to the Irish than the Massachusetts Puritan.

Should the American-Irish Historical Society go out of existence to-night, it would have already accomplished a grand mission in this: that it has brought forth from obscure records the deeds of Irishmen in America, and has laid the foundation for the erection of an historical monument to Irishmen that, with its base laid in colonial times, and still being constructed, challenges the respect and admiration of all lovers of American history.

The work of this society has been thus far practically confined to research of New England records. This research has been fruitful of good results.

Among other things we learn of the Irish as brickmakers of Rehoboth and settlers in Salem and Lynn in early colonial times.

72Again, we learn that the Irish in the Granite State had become so numerous in colonial times that the General Court of Massachusetts passed a law prohibiting the “wild Irishmen of New Hampshire” from coming across the state line, lest they should drive out the people of the older colony. As long as that state shall last the glory and the fame of the Sullivans and their contemporaries of the Irish race will remain illustrious.

The history of Irishmen in Maine will be dwelt upon in the address of one of the gentlemen who is to follow on the program.

This research has extracted from the records of Rhode Island the influence of the Irish schoolmaster, McSparren, in moulding the intellectual development of that colony; it has called attention to the work of Bishop Berkely in the promotion of education there, and what is to me, personally, exceedingly pleasant information, that Brown University, my beloved Alma Mater, in its infancy was succored by the contributions of worthy people residing in Ireland.

The work of presenting to the world the achievements of Irishmen in America, in its just proportion to the achievements of men of other races in the colonization, struggle for independence, and the creation of a republic, the development of that republic from a theory into a concrete nation, and the perpetuation of that nation, is a duty not only to the men whose deeds are to be chronicled, but also a debt which we owe to ourselves, which we should cheerfully assume.

The labor involved in this from its very nature is such as can only be performed by an organization such as the American-Irish Historical Society.

The true status of the Irish in America, notwithstanding the fact that their brain and brawn have been interwoven in the woof and web of our nation’s fabric, has never been fully appreciated, by reason of the prejudices which have been associated with anything that bore an Irish name. This prejudice, in no small part, arose from misconception and misunderstanding of the Irish nature, temperament, and characteristics. There is a brand of bigotry that is sometimes designated as inborn. In the case of a bigot whose bigotry is congenital, it is well to follow the scriptural injunction to reason not with a fool lest he grow wise. But in the case of those persons who, by reason of misconception or want of acquaintance with Irishmen, cannot properly estimate our race, yet whose minds are broad enough to cherish the worth of a man when demonstrated, and whose patriotism counts every man a friend who has contributed 73to the glory of his country, an impartial history of the deeds of Irishmen in America would effectively serve to displace any prejudice.

What lover of the human race, animated by that noble sentiment of Terence, “I am a man, and I think nothing human foreign to me,” can fail to appreciate the sturdy virtues of the Irish people in America, their patient industry, their obedience to constituted authority, their domestic constancy, their desire to provide homes for their families and education for their children?

What patriotic American can fail to be moved by emotions of gratitude when he learns among other facts that the Irish in Ireland assisted with food and provisions the struggling settlers of Boston in a time of dire distress; that Irishmen of Philadelphia contributed large sums of money to the famished Revolutionary heroes at Valley Forge; that George Washington considered himself honored in being elected a member of an Irish society; that nine of the signers of the Declaration of Independence were men of Irish blood; that on the field of war, and in the council chamber of the nation, as well as in the administration of national, state, and municipal affairs, from the time of our earliest history to the present time, men of that race have given their lives and property to the nation’s cause? The work of this society thus far in this direction gives promise of either destroying the prejudices that have hitherto existed against the Irish people, or removing the venom from the fangs of bigotry.

To my mind the most urgent need of a society of this nature is the means it affords of preserving Irish history in America. It would be a great misfortune if the history of the Irish people in America, at present fragmentary at best, yet gathered together under favorable conditions and after the most careful and painstaking labor, could not find some secure lodgment.

What more suitable abiding place than the cabinet of the American-Irish Historical Society, from whence it could find its way into the private and public libraries, not only of our own country, but of the civilized world?

This society in the short time it has been in existence has accomplished so much in its chosen field as already to have demonstrated quite clearly its scope. From the publications issued by its members, notably the work of our Secretary-General in Massachusetts and Rhode Island, General Linehan in New Hampshire, Senator Walsh in Georgia, Hon. Joseph T. Lawless in Virginia, and others, our society has already contributed a fund of rich historical value to the history of this country. It would suffice to cite this labor to show the scope.

74The thought has occurred to me that it might be well, however, to suggest a specialization of this work and to provide avenues for its dissemination. The society should pursue the line of procedure already mapped out by extending its membership to every state in the country. Membership should be selected from men of scholarly attainments devoted to historical research. This membership should be so catholic as to include men of all religious denominations and nationalities.

Apropos of this I beg leave to call attention to the great work done and being done by German scholars in the study of Celtic, to illustrate the probable value of assistance that might be rendered to us by men of other nationalities. The society should coöperate with the movements in the other states, looking to the establishment of record commissions, and in states where such movements have not been set on foot, to labor to create such movements. In addition to this the products of the research of the society should be edited, and when preserved in book form copies of these should be distributed to other historical societies and placed in public and private libraries. Volumes could be printed from time to time, a number of which could be placed on the market for sale, thereby defraying the expenses of publishing the same.

With such an inviting field of labor spread out before us, this society not only supplies a long-felt want, but also a means of inspiration. Each member can contribute to the common fund of historical data, and the sum total of these contributions will go to make up a work of great value.

The need of such an organization as the American-Irish Historical Society being demonstrated, and its scope clearly defined, all that remains to be done to perpetuate its success is to continue in the work already so auspiciously undertaken.

The following letter was read from President Andrews of Brown University:

President’s Room, Brown University,
Providence, R. I., Nov. 10, 1897.

My Dear Mr. Murray:—Your American-Irish Historical Society meeting is sure to be a most interesting one, and but for the condition of my health and the numerous engagements for this month to which I am already pledged, I should certainly attend. As it is, I can only send you this testimonial of my interest in your organization 75and in the important phase of our American history which it is designed to investigate and expound.

The society can, and no doubt will, perform a most valuable work. The researches concerning the men whom I call the Irish Pilgrim fathers—the earliest representatives of the Irish race in New England—which you, yourself, sir, have so well begun, ought to be carried to the utmost attainable completion.

In early southern history Irishmen were a factor of the utmost importance. The Irish settlers and settlements in North Carolina and early Kentucky furnish an attractive subject for historical study, which, I believe, has never yet been adequately dealt with.

The American-Irish Historical Society will certainly prompt some of the numerous and brilliant youth of Irish descent, now coming forth from American colleges in such numbers, to turn their studies in the direction named.

Yours with sincere esteem,
E. Benj. Andrews.

The Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, who were in session in New York on the previous evening, sent the following:

New York, Nov. 15, 1897.
To the American-Irish Historical Society.

Gentlemen:—The Friendly Sons of St. Patrick of New York, an association of Irishmen and Irish-Americans coeval with the founding of this government, sends to you its heartiest fraternal greeting through your representative, Mr. Lawler. We fully appreciate the great value of the work you have undertaken—a work that involves the preservation of the record and achievements of men of Irish blood in the building and preservation of the American Republic.

The record of our race on this continent is glorious with patriotism and self-sacrifice; it is a record of honest toil, of love of freedom and religion, of devotion to God and country.

In preserving an authentic account of these achievements, the American-Irish Historical Society is performing a work of justice to the Irish race and an invaluable service to American history.

With every wish for your success, we remain fraternally yours,

Morgan J. O’Brien,
President, Friendly Sons St. Patrick, by John J. Rooney.

76Hon. P. A. Collins and Gen. J. R. O’Beirne dissented, courteously but firmly, from the proposition that justice is to be won from England by patience and a campaign of education. Recalling Parnell’s first visit to Boston, General Collins told with impressiveness how Wendell Phillips attended the great meeting, in order, as he said, “to look upon the man who had made John Bull listen.” We must make John Bull listen, was the theme of General Collins’s eloquent address. Though he had come unprepared to speak, he was in excellent form and showed no diminution of his old-time vigor and clearness of expression.

General O’Beirne, whose erect, soldierly figure and noble countenance “showed him no carpet-knight so trim, but in close fight a warrior grim,” spoke with burning words of the cause that is defeated but not lost, and never can be lost while Irishmen preserve their racial character. History for seven hundred years has shown their undying fortitude, and he predicted that it would record the same through all the years to come, whether Freedom come soon or late.

Admiral Belknap, U. S. N., Rev. Edward McSweeney, of Bangor, Me., and other gentlemen made brief impromptu remarks, and the meeting adjourned after passing a vote of thanks to Mr. Robertson for his entertaining discourse.

#### New Members Admitted.

The following new members were admitted: His Excellency Elisha Dyer, Governor of Rhode Island; Hon. Joseph T. Lawless, Secretary of State, Virginia; Hon. Elisha W. Bucklin, ex-State Auditor, Pawtucket, R. I.; Hon. Wauhope Lynn, New York City; Recorder Goff, New York City; Hon. W. F. Reddy, Richmond, Va.; Col. James Armstrong, Charleston, S. C.; Col. C. C. Sanders, Gainesville, Ga.; Mr. Edward Fitzpatrick, staff of the Courier-Journal, Louisville, Ky.; Hon. John F. Finerty, editor the Citizen, Chicago, Ill.; Mr. M. J. Dowling, secretary National Republican League, Renville, Minn.; Mr. Michael Walsh, LL.D., Ph.D., editor Sunday Democrat, New York City; Mr. James D. Power, Washington, 77D. C.; Capt. John Flannery, Savannah, Ga.; Hon. Matthew O’Doherty, Louisville, Ky.; Mr. Edward L. Hearn, South Framingham, Mass.; Capt. John J. Coffey, Neponset, Mass.; Mr. Stephen J. Casey, Providence, R. I.; Mr. John B. Kehoe, Portland, Me.; Mr. Anthony J. Philpott, Boston, Mass.; Mr. William Lyman, New York City; Dr. Daniel I. O’Keefe, Jamaica Plain, Mass.; Dr. Thomas J. Dillon, Roxbury, Mass.; Dr. James E. Keating, Portland, Me.; the Rev. J. Phelan, Rock Valley, Ia.; Capt. Thomas J. Hogan, Portland, Me.; Mr. Thomas J. Lane, East Boston, Mass.; Mr. John Ahern, Concord, N. H.; Dr. Edward J. McDonough, Portland, Me.; Mr. Hugh J. Lee, Pawtucket, R. I.

Mr. Thomas B. Lawler, of Worcester, presented the following New York gentlemen as candidates for the society, and they were all admitted:

Hon. Joseph F. Daly, Hon. Morgan J. O’Brien, Hon. Frederick Smyth, Hon. E. F. O’Dwyer, Hon. Thomas S. Brennan, Col. William L. Brown, Dr. Charles J. Perry, Dr. Constantine Macguire, Maj. John Byrne, F. C. Travers, M. A. O’Byrne, John Crane, J. M. Fitzpatrick, D. P. Murphy, Jr., Robert E. Danvers, Stephen J. Geoghegan, James P. Campbell, Daniel O’Day, John J. Rooney, Laurence Winters, William Cranitch, James G. Johnson, William F. Clare, Edward J. McGuire, Daniel F. Colahan, Edward D. Farrell, William M. Penney.

On Feb. 1, 1898, the following invitation was issued to the members:

Dear Sir:—You are hereby notified that the annual meeting of the American-Irish Historical Society will be held at the Hotel San Remo, New York City, Thursday evening, Feb. 17, 1898.

The San Remo is owned by a member of our society (Mr. Michael Brennan) and is located at Central Park West, Seventy-fourth and Seventy-fifth Streets. It is easy of access and excellently adapted to a gathering such as we have in view.

There will be a business session of the society at 7 P.M., at which the annual election of officers will take place. At 8 o’clock the society and guests will proceed to dinner.

Gen. James R. O’Beirne, Vice-President of our society for New York State, will preside.

78The delegation from the New England states will include the Hon. John C. Linehan, State Insurance Commissioner of New Hampshire; the Hon. Thomas J. Gargan, Boston, ex-President of the Charitable Irish Society (founded 1737); James Jeffrey Roche, LL.D., editor of the Boston Pilot, and other prominent gentlemen.

At the business session an amendment to Article XII of the Constitution will be offered. This article at present provides that the executive council of the society shall consist of ten members (in addition to the general officers). The proposed amendment, if passed, would change the language to read “not less than ten, nor more than twenty.”

During the post-prandial exercises Mr. Joseph Smith, secretary of the Police Commission, Lowell, Mass., will read a paper on “American History as it is Falsified.”

Fraternally,
Edward A. Moseley,
President-General.
Thomas Hamilton Murray,
Secretary-General.

The annual meeting of the American-Irish Historical Society was held on Thursday evening, 17th inst., at the Hotel San Remo, New York City. A large and representative gathering was present. Six states,—New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, and New Jersey,—sent delegations. Fifteen states were represented by letters expressing congratulations and good wishes.

President-General Moseley, of Washington, D. C., was unable to be present owing to a press of duties as secretary of the Interstate Commerce Commission, but his annual address was read to the society by Gen. James R. O’Beirne, Vice-President for New York. It was an eloquent production.

The society made its headquarters for the occasion at the San Remo, a magnificent house, owned by a member of the organization, Mr. Michael Brennan. It is situated at Central Park West and Seventy-Fifth Street, and is one of the finest hotels in the world. The banquet hall where the annual dinner of the society took place is located on the tenth floor and was lighted by over a thousand incandescent electric lamps. The scene was one of great brilliancy.

T. E. A. WEADOCK
Michigan

IGNATIUS DONNELLY
Minnesota

JAMES E. LOWERY
Colorado

JAMES CUNNINGHAM
Maine

VICE-PRESIDENTS

79Among the early arrivals were: Hon. John C. Linehan, Concord, N. H.; Hon. Thomas J. Gargan, Boston, Mass.; Mr. James Jeffrey Roche, editor of The Pilot; Mr. T. B. Fitzpatrick, of Brown, Durrell & Co., Boston; Mr. Joseph P. Flatley, Boston; Mr. Joseph F. Swords, Hartford, Conn.; Dr. Thomas Addis Emmet, grandnephew of the Irish patriot, Robert Emmet; Mr. Thomas B. Lawler, Worcester, Mass.; Hon. John D. Crimmins, New York; Mr. Frank C. Travers, New York; Capt. E. O’Meagher Condon, Washington, D. C.; Mr. Stephen J. Geoghegan, New York; Thomas Dunn English, Newark; and many others.

The business meeting and annual election took place at 7.30 P.M., and was held in the grand ballroom of the San Remo, which was comfortably filled.

General O’Beirne called the assemblage to order. Secretary-General Murray read the records of the previous meeting held by the society in Boston, and the same were approved.

It was announced that since that meeting three members of the society had died. They were: Hon. Owen A. Galvin, Boston; Hon. Charles B. Gafney, Rochester, N. H.; and Hon. John Cochran, New York City.

Committees were appointed to take suitable action on the deceased members.

The committee on audit, appointed to examine the books of the Treasurer-General, consisted of Judge Wauhope Lynn, New York; Mr. T. B. Lawler, Worcester, Mass.; and Mr. Michael Brennan, New York. The committee reported the books as displaying excellent system and arrangement, and the accounts of receipts and expenditures as being in an eminently satisfactory condition. The report was unanimously approved and adopted.

The society then proceeded to the election of new members, and some thirty were admitted from New York, Virginia, Texas, and other states. Among these new members is the Rev. Dr. McComb, a Presbyterian minister of New York City.

The proposed amendment to Article XII of the Constitution was adopted. It provided for an increase of ten in the make-up 80of the council of the society. The new members elected to the council under this provision comprise: Hon. Morgan J. O’Brien, a Justice of the New York Supreme Court; Hon. John D. Crimmins; Mr. Joseph F. Swords, Hartford, Conn.; Dr. Thomas Addis Emmet, New York; Mr. Stephen J. Geoghegan, Mr. Francis Higgins, Hon. James S. Coleman, and F. C. Travers, New York City.

In addition to the foregoing, the annual election resulted as follows: President-General, Edward A. Moseley, Washington, D. C.; Secretary-General, Thomas Hamilton Murray, Pawtucket, R. I.; Treasurer-General, Hon. John C. Linehan, Concord, N. H.; Librarian and Archivist, Thomas B. Lawler, Worcester, Mass. These are all reëlections.

After the transactions of some routine matters the business meeting adjourned.

A short time later the line was formed and marched to the banquet hall, which was handsomely decorated. In the rear of the presiding officer’s chair was a glory of flags in which the star-spangled banner and the Irish tricolor predominated. American and Irish flags of small size were also distributed adown the tables, mingled with flowers and potted plants. Overhead the effulgence of a thousand electric lights served to add further brilliancy to the scene.

In a bower composed of huge palms and smaller plants was stationed an orchestra which discoursed sweet music during the repast. The company around the board represented, without exaggeration, several million dollars. Catholics and Protestants were there, Democrats, Republicans, and Independents. It was a remarkable gathering in many ways, and was indicative of the strength and representative character already attained by the society.

General O’Beirne presided, and seated on his right and left were Dr. Thomas Addis Emmet, Hon. Thomas Dunn English, Hon. John D. Crimmins, Hon. Thomas J. Gargan, James Jeffrey Roche, Joseph Smith, Judge Wauhope Lynn, Hon. John C. Linehan, F. C. Travers, V. P. Travers, John Crane, and T. B. Lawler.

81Also present were noted: Commissioner Coleman, New York; Capt. E. T. McCrystal, of the Sixty-Ninth Regiment, New York; Dr. T. F. Harrington and Dr. George Leahey, Lowell, Mass.; Commissioner McSweeney, New York; W. F. Foley, Houston, Texas; John J. Rooney; and about one hundred others.

The menu card was especially designed for the occasion and elicited much favorable comment. During the evening a copy of the first Yearbook of the society was presented to each member present.

A feature of the evening was the rendition by the orchestra of “Ben Bolt,” out of compliment to the author, Dr. Thomas Dunn English, who was present. He is now about eighty years of age, and tears glistened in the old man’s eyes at this thoughtful tribute. The post-prandial exercises were opened by General O’Beirne who, after a stirring address on the objects of the society, read the annual address of the President-General, which was frequently applauded. He then successively introduced the speakers of the evening, who were Dr. Emmet, Dr. English, Mr. Gargan, Colonel Linehan, Captain Condon, Judge Lynn, and a number of others.

A great feature of this part of the program was an able paper by Mr. Joseph Smith, on “American History as it is Falsified.” He said:

Some Ways in which History is Falsified.

When the American-Irish Historical Society was organized a year ago in Boston, it declared its purpose to be the investigation into, and the recording of, the influence of the Irish element in the up-building of the American nation. We said then that the work and contributions of the Irish race on this soil had received scant recognition from the writers of American history; and we announced that whether that omission sprang from carelessness, ignorance, indifference, or design was not so important as the imperative necessity of remedying such a state of affairs in the interest of historical accuracy and racial fair play. For the past year our society has been in its formative stages; in the coming years I have ample faith that numbers, 82funds, earnestness, and enthusiasm will enable us to do our work effectively.

American history is being rewritten; the legendary and sentimental method of writing it is growing in disfavor; a scientific age demands the truth, and under its insistence new data are coming to light and old myths are passing away. It is beginning to dawn on American minds that this republic is the child of Europe and not of England; that old man of buckram—the Anglo-Saxon—is having a hard time with that new man of straw—the Scotch-Irishman; and when science gets the latter on the dissecting table there won’t be much left of him but rags and papier-maché.

To-night I will try to direct your attention to “Some Ways in which American History is Falsified”; and by falsification I do not mean so much the deliberate perversion of facts as I do the false effects produced by evasion, distortion, wrong point of view, and the physical and mental limitations and defects of writers, which in their results are quite as mischievous as those produced by perversion and design.

I will for my purposes group my object lessons under four heads, illustrating each with a writer passing current as an historian.

1. Mental Invalidism. The disease of certain literary doctrinaires whose natural defects have been aggravated by education and fixed by training. Prof. John W. Burgess, of Columbia University, is a fine type of this arrogant school of dogmatism.

2. Legend and Sentiment. The exploitation of legends, inherited ideas, race and family myths, made current and passing into literature by the efforts of those whose faith in folklore as historical data is profound, and to whom facts and documentary evidence are unimportant. Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, an amateur historian, is the high priest of this cult; he is the custodian and incense swinger of the deified Puritan, the marvel and fountain of the graces of the modern age.

3. Imagination. The school of writers who add to the gayety of nations, who make history from their own inner consciousness, and who record it as they imagine it ought to be, not as it is. Under this head comes that humorless horde of scribblers, the Scotch-Irish littérateurs, and the intellectual giant of Tennessee, Judge Temple, author of Covenanter, Cavalier, Puritan.

4. Carelessness and Credulity. Writers who accept any evidence stated with solemnity and the air of authority, but who subject it to no tests to ascertain its verity and genuineness. Under this head I 83take exceptions to the statements made by Prof. John Fiske in a recent work, a writer hitherto regarded as safe and reliable.

I will now devote a few minutes to a work entitled Political Science and Constitutional Law, written by Prof. John W. Burgess, of Columbia University, and designed to be a text-book for that and other educational institutions.

Mr. Burgess is a rampant type of what a coldly critical and remorselessly correct writer, John M. Robertson, of London, calls a Celtophobe—a Celt hater. The learned Professor asserts dogmatically that the Celt never has, never can, and never will amount to anything nationally or politically; and that all law, order, and scientific government have sprung from and are due to what he calls the Teutonic races. Professor Burgess is a product of German training and education, and his views have received the cordial endorsement of such a calm and dispassionate authority as the London Times. The careful writer in stating his theory will fortify it with facts and figures and marshal his authorities before proceeding to erect a fabric on it; but Professor Burgess isn’t that kind of a man. He states his theory with an air of profound conviction and authority and goes ahead. His theory, like a good many other fabrics “made in Germany,” looks well, is calculated to deceive the unwary and unthinking, but under very ordinary scrutiny proves to be very commonplace, shoddy.

Let me show you a few of the gems from his treasury:

“Only the Teutonic races have produced national states.... The National State is thus the most modern and most complete solution of the whole problem of political organization which the world has as yet produced; and the fact that it is the creation of the Teutonic political genius stamps the Teutonic races as the political nations par excellence, and authorizes them in the economy of the world to assume the leadership in the establishment and administration of states.”

This brilliant outburst winds up a series of equally impressive statements. Just what the Professor means by National States and political nations I do not know, nor am I sure he knows himself. At any rate, he appears to lay down a doctrine very delightful to these governments which bully nations and steal territories, if not quite so agreeable to those bullied and plundered.

Now listen to his views on the unfortunate Celt; they have the old familiar ring of anti-Irish hysteria, for which familiarity has bred Irish contempt.

84“Personal attachment in small bodies to a chosen Chief is the peculiar political trait of the Celtic nations.... The effect of such a political character has always been the organization of the Celtic nations into numberless petty military States, in each of which individual rights have been ignored; between all of which civil war has been the permanent status; and against which foreign force has been continually successful.... Violence and Corruption have always marked the politics of Celtic nations.”

Let us stop for a moment to analyze this tremendous blast from Columbia University, remembering that Germany and England are Professor Burgess’s ideal Teutonic nations.

From the time of the Roman retrocession from England until the landing of William the Norman at Hastings, that unfortunate land was in the hands of one of the dullest, most unimaginative, worst-governed, and worst-governing races history mentions—the Saxons—for six hundred years; it had become a congeries of warring, military chieftainship, in which civilization was almost obliterated, learning had disappeared, religion was at its lowest ebb, life and property had no safety, the people were enslaved, and the coast harried by foreign and victorious foes. The advent of a strong conqueror—a mixed Celt and Norseman—changed all this, hammered England into a strong military kingdom, connected her with the civilization that has made the world what it is—the Latin—and did in six years what the pure Teutonic race had signally failed to do in as many centuries.

Prior to the historic event known as the Reformation, Germany had as much peace as her neighbors—which wasn’t much—and all she had she owed to her intercourse with the Latin South, to her touch with the civilization and religion of Rome. After that event Germany was torn into factions, military chiefs sprang up, petty military states were made, violence and corruption were the rule, civilization retrogressed, the people were degraded and the land devastated. Germany was without unity; her mercenaries were for sale to the highest bidder; she was terrible only to her children, the prey of foreign forces, with civil war a permanent status. The advent of Napoleon was a blessing; he hammered a lot of petty principalities out of existence and formed two or three monarchies out of the bewildering many. The fall of Napoleon saw Germany a confederation, much after the fashion of pre-Reformation days, with Austria on top. Again came wars and dissensions, and finally the strong conqueror who united Germany against a common foe and made her what she is to-day. 85Germany, I take it, is the highest political expression of the Teutonic race, according to the dictum of Professor Burgess. What is it?

A military despotism of the most mediæval type, governed by an autocrat of doubtful sanity, whose person is more sacred apparently than that of the Deity; a land whence the people fly to seek safety, peace, liberty; a government that is a constant threat to the peace and civilization of the earth and that embodies all the reactionary principles a free people hate.

One does not expect the German professor, his disciple, or the mole in the earth to see what is going on in the sunlight.

If we turn to Ireland we see nothing but violence, corruption, and plunder in the methods of the Teutonic race ruling there; and we observe improvement in Irish affairs only with the decrease of English influences and the increase of Irishmen in Irish affairs.

It is a favorite axiom of the Teutonic writer of the Burgess type, wherever English and German rule is a failure, that the people ruled are unfit for government. Did it ever occur to them that the shoe is on the other foot—they are unfit to govern?

The unfitness of the English to govern Ireland is historic; it was exhibited in America, as some may recall; it is notorious in India and round the earth. The best-governed possessions of England are the lands where Englishmen are least in evidence. Germany in Africa is producing the usual harvest of Teutonic “genius”—depopulation and devastation.

But Mr. Burgess has a theory, and he does not propose to hamper it with facts. He asserts that the government—the political organization—of Spain, Italy, and Portugal are the results of Teutonic genius. This will probably be news to the world; but if the debility, decay, and general rottenness of those kingdoms are the result of Teutonic genius, the sooner they try the genius of the negro and the Chinaman the better for them. He covers whatever political good may exist in Greece, Bulgaria, and Roumania by attributing it to the impecunious German princes now adorning the rickety thrones in those lands. The idea is original, but not impressive. Why not attribute the political condition of Scandinavia to the presence on its throne for ninety years of Bernadotte, the French (Celtic) military adventurer, and his wife, the daughter of the Irish merchant Cleary, and their children? The logic is as good, or as bad, in one case as the other.

But why go on with this tissue of professional rubbish?

86Nations are made what they are by climate, environment, peace, war, and economic and industrial conditions. Groups of men learn as does the individual, in the school of experience. Nations have no genius for anything; the botch work we call government to-day at its best is hardly a manifestation of genius. Nations may have temperaments, the product of experience, but only the individual has character.

Professor Burgess is merely a mental invalid, an hysterical Celtophobe. He either forgets the existence of Rome and Greece, or he fails to understand the value of civilization and human experience; he is a kind of literary phonograph, repeating the slanders and absurdities which a school of race egotists have raised to a cult. He is a decidedly unsafe man to educate a coming generation of Americans, for the writer of solemn and dogmatic nonsense is unfit to train the American youth. Certainly no self-respecting man of Irish-Celtic blood should permit his children to attend a university where they are taught that the perpetrators of ages of outrage and wrong are divinely selected beings, chosen “to assume leadership in the establishment and administration of States.”

If we desire that sort of rubbish taught, it is just as easy to secure professors at Bloomingdale as it is at Columbia.

The legendary and sentimental makers of history seem to thrive best in New England; and a fine type of the cult is the so-called “scholar in politics,” Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, of Massachusetts and Nahant. There is in China a religion whose principal tenet is the worship of ancestors, the placation of ancestral manes. This religion is called Tavism; and possibly the purest type of Tavist, outside of China, is the junior senator from Massachusetts.

Mr. Lodge is firmly convinced that the Puritan represents the perfect type of man; that the history of the world began in 1620; that the Puritan derived most of his excellence from being of English blood; and that, while Puritans were Dutch, French, Scotch, and even Irish, the lack of English blood somehow made them incomplete. While the ordinary English Puritan was a wonderful personage, the one who landed in Massachusetts was a genuine marvel, but when he settled around Boston and Nahant, he began to ooze genius and take on wings and halo. To this legend is added, sometimes by direct statement and sometimes by implication, the intelligence that all the great and good things that make this republic different from and superior to other lands are due to the miraculous powers of the Puritan. He is the creator of human freedom, the 87father of religion, liberty, and tolerance, the founder and originator of free schools, and the reputed author of so many ideas totally at variance with his narrow creed that were he to rise from his bed of clay in New England into the sunlight of to-day, he wouldn’t know himself.

This is the school of historical incubation of which Mr. Lodge is the high priest. Mr. Lodge has many admirable qualities; but his mental vision is defective, strabismal, and his ancestral credulity amazing. I am satisfied that Mr. Lodge would not knowingly do an unjust, intolerable, or dishonorable thing; but he is so en-webbed in tradition and so steeped in myth and legend that his rôle of historian is a decided misfit. How else can we account for the absurd theories he has exploited and the conception of historic events he has fathered in literature?

Anybody who has even read his history of the Thirteen Colonies will learn that the success achieved in building them up was due to the Puritans; and one is convinced that had some wandering vagabond from Massachusetts been cast away on the coast of Spanish-America, the Latin Republics south of us would now be the model governments of the earth and probably be called “Anglo-Saxon” nations. Everything that makes for success he attributes to the Puritan; and he does it with such a solemn, awe-stricken lack of humor that the irreverent are moved to Homeric mirth.

Now, as a matter of fact, the Puritan was a hard and fast bigot, who hated and persecuted everybody who differed from him religiously, and tolerated nobody; he was as priest-ridden as a Scotch Presbyterian, and he set up a system of Church and State that amounted almost to a theocracy. The climate and soil of New England made him a hard worker; his environment and neighbors, a stout fighter; but if his laws and records tell us any story, they say his morals and practices were no better than they ought to have been.

New England in colonial days produced some shrewd and levelheaded men, but if she ever produced a great one, I have failed to catch his name. When the hour of her struggle came the same phenomenon was exhibited in New England as elsewhere in the Colonies; her natural leaders, the people of education and wealth, followed the fortunes of the oppressor, and the common people took up the cause of freedom. New England in the Revolution did her whole duty, but the other Colonies did not shirk, and furnished not only men and money, but the theater of war.

Mr. Lodge is now furnishing “The Story of the Revolution” for Scribner’s Magazine, and already we can see his peculiar defects of 88historical vision in what he has written. Here is a hint of his ideas: “He [Washington] entered on the war with an army composed wholly of New England men. He ended the Revolution with an army, after seven years’ fighting, largely made up from the same New England people.” He does not say so in so many words, but he leads us to infer that the army between those two periods was made up of New England men. This sort of writing is as absurd as it would be to say New England did nothing. Has Mr. Lodge never heard of the 40,000 men on the Revolutionary rolls of New York? Has it ever occurred to him that Pennsylvania, Virginia, and other Colonies furnished some men, money, and leaders? Have his historical researches ever led him far enough to learn that Yorktown might have been a waste of blood but for the armies and navies of France? Does he know that the soldiers of America’s ally were the regiments of a brigade immortalized on every battlefield of Europe,—the Irish Brigade?

It is very doubtful. I sometimes wonder if Mr. Lodge knew what an Irishman was before he went into politics.

In his account of Bunker Hill he hasn’t a word to say of Sullivan, whose capture of Fort William and Mary with its supplies of precious gunpowder made Bunker Hill possible; yet he has much to say of the lack of powder during the siege of Boston.

He says the American soldiers engaged at Bunker Hill were “of almost pure English blood, with a slight mingling of Scotch-Irish from Londonderry.” I note among the dead killed there the following “Scotch-Irish” names: Broderick, Collins, Dalton, Dillon, Doyle, French, Haggett, McGrath; and Washington, desirous of recognizing this “Scotch” element in his army made St. Patrick the countersign on a certain evening during the siege. I recall that it was this same class of Irishmen with the Scotch prefix, from the New Hampshire town of Londonderry, called after an Irish town of that name, and which was originally planted by English and Irish, who insisted upon double rations of whiskey to celebrate St. Patrick’s day before Ticonderoga.

Mr. Lodge should learn to call a spade a spade, an Irishman an Irishman, for we will. The desire of a certain class of people to call themselves “Scotch-Irish” may be passed by with a smile; ignorance and weakness deserve pity rather than censure; but we must insist that the dead of our race shall be neither miscalled nor misrepresented, and that their laurels shall not be filched nor their glory stolen by those who have neither pride nor scruples.

89Whatever Irish came from New Hampshire—and the hills were full of them—it would be a grave mistake to imagine that Massachusetts, so English and so Puritan, did not have her share. The Puritan Alva—Cromwell—and his villainous understrappers sent many a thousand Irish victims to Massachusetts Bay as bondmen and women; and voluntary immigration brought thousands of others. The town records show this; and whole districts in western Massachusetts were settled by them; and yet we are asked to believe that when men cease to be Catholic Irishmen they become Scotch-Irishmen. I can find no other excuse for the absurd title. Here are a few of the “Scotch-Irish” names on the rolls of the minute men of the day:

Joseph Burke,
Richard Burke,
Daniel Carey,
Joseph Carey,
Peter Carey,
Patrick Carroll,
Joseph Carroll,
Cornelius Cockran,
Daniel Connors,
William Connors,
James Dempsey,
Philip Donahue,
Joseph Donnell,
John Donnelly,
Andrew Dunnigan,
John Farley,
Michael Farley,
John Flood,
William Flood,
John Foley,
Matthew Gilligen,
Richard Gilpatrick,
James Gleason,
Daniel Griffin,
Joseph Griffin,
John Hacket,
Joseph Hacket,
John Haley,
John Kelly,
Patrick Kelly,
Peter Kelly,
Richard Kelly,
Stephen Kelly,
Daniel Lary,
Michael McDonnell,
Henry McGonegal,
John McGrah,
Daniel McGuire,
Patrick McKeen,
John McMullen,
John Mullin,
John Madden,
Daniel Mahon,
James Mallone,
John Mahoney,
John Murphy,
Patrick Newjent,
Patrick O’Brien,
Richard O’Brien,
Daniel Shay,
John Shea,
John Walsh,
Joseph Walsh.

It is well to note that the English parliament of that day was looking keenly at the causes that cost England her mighty empire on this continent; and apparently they underrated the influence of Mr. Lodge’s Puritan in that struggle, and bitterly blamed the plain Irish without any Scotchery.

Mr. Lodge means well; but folklore and history are two distinct affairs.

The imaginative school of history finds its best exemplar in a gentleman from Tennessee, the home of the Cardiff giant, the Giascutus, and the Scotch-Irishman. He is known as Judge Temple, and 90has written a volume called Covenanter, Cavalier, Puritan,—a work which has shaken the earth and spoiled the apple crop. The Judge is original; he honors the Scotch-Irishman as he does all ghost dancers, but he has discovered that all the might of the republic sprang from the Covenanter. I know what a Covenanter used to be, but I can’t solve this covenanter of Judge Temple. I can explain him as he appears in this literary offspring of this intellectual Cardiff giant. If an Irishman a few years ago did anything extraordinary, wonderful, or notorious, he would have been a Scotch-Irishman; in the Temple history he is a Covenanter; if he breaks a bank, or a man’s head, or the Decalogue, he is merely an Irishman. Apply that rule to all men and you have history as it is hatched out in Tennessee. The Covenanter germ was born in Scotland and spread over America, creating miracles. As the natives of North Britain are not remarkable for national modesty and self-effacement, I am puzzled to learn how this conversion of the world to freedom and civilization has escaped the shrinking writers of Scotland. If Judge Temple is not restrained by an injunction at an early date, Professor Burgess and Senator Lodge will be compelled sorrowfully to march on Washington, there to deposit in the National Museum the Teutonic Genius and the Puritan Marvel; or they might be turned over to some of the Yellow Sundays which specialize the exploitation of freaks.

Meantime we should keep our eye on Judge Temple, the young Lochinvar of history, who has come out of the South.

In Old Virginia and her Neighbors, Vol. II, p. 391, Prof. John Fiske says: “Until recent years little has been written of the coming of the so-called Scotch-Irish to America, and yet it is an event of scarcely less importance than the exodus of English Puritans to New England and that of English Cavaliers to Virginia. It is impossible to understand the drift which American history, social and political, has taken since the time of Andrew Jackson, without studying the early life of the Scotch-Irish population of the Alleghany region, the pioneers of the American backwoods. I do not mean to be understood as saying that the whole of that population at the time of the Revolution was Scotch-Irish, for there was a considerable German element in it, besides an infusion of English moving inward from the coast. But the Scotch-Irish element was more numerous and far more important than all the rest.

“Who were the people called by this rather awkward compound name Scotch-Irish? The answer carries us back to the year 1611, 91when James First began peopling Ulster with Colonists from Scotland and the North of England. The plan was to put into Ireland a Protestant population that might ultimately outnumber the Catholics and become the controlling element in the country. The settlers were picked men and women of the most excellent sort. By the middle of the seventeenth century there were 300,000 of them in Ulster.

“That province had been the most neglected part of the island, a wilderness of bogs and fens; they transformed it into a garden. They also established manufactures of woolen and linens which have since been famous throughout the world. By the beginning of the eighteenth century their numbers had risen to nearly a million. Their social condition was not that of peasants; they were intelligent yeomanry and artisans. In a document, signed in 1718 by a miscellaneous group of 319 men, only thirteen made their mark, while 306 wrote their names in full. Nothing like that could have happened at that time in any other part of the British empire, hardly even in New England.

“When these people began coming to America, those families that had been longest in Ireland had dwelt there but for three generations, and confusion of mind seems to lurk in any nomenclature which couples them with the true Irish. The antipathy between the Scotch-Irish as a group and the true Irish as a group is, perhaps, unsurpassed for bitterness and intensity. On the other hand, since love laughs at feuds and schisms, intermarriages between the Colonists of Ulster and the native Irish were by no means unusual, and instances occur of Murphys and McManuses of the Presbyterian faith. It was common in Ulster to allude to Presbyterians as ‘Scotch,’ to Roman Catholics as ‘Irish,’ and to members of the English Church as ‘Protestants,’ without much reference to pedigree. From this point of view the term ‘Scotch’ may be defensible, provided we do not let it conceal the fact that the people to whom it applied are for the most part Lowland-Scotch Presbyterians, very slightly hibernicized in blood.”

Again, “By 1719 this hope was torn away, and from that year until the passage of the Toleration Act for Ireland in 1782, the people of Ulster kept flocking to America. Of all the migrations to America previous to the days of steamships this was far the largest in volume. One week of 1727 landed six ship loads at Philadelphia. In the two years 1773 and 1774 more than 30,000 came. In 1770 one-third of the population of Pennsylvania was Scotch-Irish. Altogether between 1730 and 1770, I think it probable that at least half a 92million of souls were transferred from Ulster to the American Colonies, making not less than one-sixth of our population at the time of the Revolution.”

The merest examination of this will show that the writer is on uncertain ground; he is begging the question; his own training and education convince him that there is a false ring to the term “Scotch-Irish”; the statements he makes, or quotes, show the earmarks of that organized humbug the Scotch-Irish Society; and he is reluctant to face the question squarely, and, by reversing the conventional concealments, evasions, and falsifications which have marked the writing of American history in the interest of the English element, acknowledge the splendid work done by the Irish in America.

Let us examine his statements in detail.

Relative to Ulster settlement he says: “The settlers were picked men and women of the most excellent sort. By the middle of the seventeenth century there were 300,000 of them in Ulster. The province was a wilderness of bogs and fens; they transformed it into a garden. They also established manufactures of woolens and linens; ... they were intelligent yeomanry and artisans.”

These extracts are the amusing myths of the Scotch-Irish Society. We have an emigration from Scotland by, say 1650, of 300,000, with no account of the English, French, Walloon, and German emigrants who were introduced, and nothing said about the original settlers of Ulster, the Irish. In 1659 Sir W. Petty, a government official in Ulster, estimated the population as follows: Irish, 63,350; English, Scotch, and other aliens, 40,571; a total of 103,921. It is very possible that Sir W. Petty’s estimate was correct; that he would find it very difficult to arrive at a correct estimate of the Irish; and much more easy to get at the numbers of those who were naturally the English supporters. It is well to recall that at the date of this estimate Ireland had gone through the horrors of twelve years of Civil War, marked by cruelty of the most ferocious kind; that the Cromwellians had added deportation and slavery in the Americas to their other crimes and abominations; that Cromwell had settled his own soldiers on confiscated lands; and that he was not particularly partial to the Scotch, whom he had fought and defeated, and whose immigration he was not likely to encourage at a time when they were parleying with the exiled Charles and plotting the downfall of the Commonwealth.

Professor Fiske’s 300,000 seem to vanish in smoke.

The character of the population introduced into a country where 93the natives are treated as outlaws and wild beasts by the government, is not hard to guess. It is not at all likely that it is going to consist of model farmers, expert artisans, pious, educated, peaceful men and women; that kind of people usually remain at home. The adventurer, the ne’er-do-well, the poor, the desperate, the homeless; those are the kind willing to face the hazards of war and fortune in a land where the natives are hard fighters and haters of the government, even though exhausted by war.

The Rev. Andrew Stewart, Presbyterian pastor of Donaghadee from 1645 to 1671, who was born and raised in Ulster, leaves this record of Professor Fiske’s selected yeomanry and artisans:

“From Scotland came many, and from England not a few; yet all of them generally the scum of both nations, who for debt, or breaking, or fleeing from justice, or seeking shelter, came hither, hoping to be without fear of man’s justice in a land where there was nothing, or but little as yet, of the fear of God.”

Such were the selected yeomanry; selected evidently by the king’s writ, by the beggarly planters who received the stolen lands from a beggarly king, and by the London guides whose gold went into the king’s pocket.

The reverend gentleman gives us a further hint of the people who came thus running from the sheriff and the heavy hand of the law. He says: “In a few years there flocked such a multitude of people from Scotland that the Counties of Down, Antrim, Londonderry, etc., were in a good measure planted; yet most of the people made up a body—and it is strange—of different names, nations, dialects, tempers, and breeding, all void of Godliness, who seemed rather to flee God in this enterprise, than to follow their mercy; albeit at first it must be remembered that they cared little for any church.”

People of many nations and dialects coming out of Scotland needs an explanation. Mr. Motley, in his history of the Dutch Republic, throws a great light on this subject. He says in effect that the religious wars of Protestant and Catholic, and the persecutions growing out of them of the ever-increasing sectaries, drove shoals of artisans from Germany, Holland, and France to England. Elizabeth of England had troubles of her own; and while she quarreled with the Pope and disputed his headship, she was jealously insistent of her own leadership of her state church and had no use for the pugnacious sectaries from across the Channel. In time, owing to the English jealousy of foreigners and rival manufacturers and the Queen’s abhorrence of rebels against divinely selected kings, Elizabeth 94shut down on the refugees and refused them asylum. In those days it was a much graver offense to insult the majesty of earth than heaven. Scotland, then in the throes of religious squabbles and the game of church plundering and under the practical guidance of the amiable John Knox, gave them a welcome as kindred spirits. When other days came, when Mary’s head had rolled from the block at Fotheringay, when her wretched son was enthroned, the foreign element found Scotland a poor land to live in. The settlement of Ulster gave them their chance, and they flocked there with Scotchmen and Englishmen, to settle down and intermarry and become—as all before them had become at that Irish crucible—Irish.

The forms of religious dissent driven out of Europe to Great Britain, like Presbyterianism, had a common basis of agreement in their common Calvinism, and the foreigners naturally drifted into that form of ecclesiastical organization. Few went into the Anglican State Church, and many of that faith drifted away from it to Catholicity and Presbyterianism; and it was a special subject of reproach later that the state-beneficed clergy caused such a state of affairs by their indifference and greed.

But it remains for American historians to find the terms race and religion synonymous, and to advise an astonished world that when an Irishman, Frenchman, Englishman, Dutchman, or Walloon, adopts Presbyterianism as his religious faith, he is at once transformed into that hyphenated hybrid, a Scotch-Irishman.

This is one of the marvels of this inventive age.

Before Professor Fiske—for whose talent and industry I have a very great respect—gives us his promised views on the Scotch-Irishman in his forthcoming work, The Dutch and Quaker Settlements in America, let me propound a question or two to him.

If, as is pretended, a certain number of Lowland Scotchmen of the Presbyterian religion accomplished so much in Ulster and America, why have not the great majority of the same people accomplished as much in their own land and elsewhere, when all the conditions were in their favor? And again, if so much was accomplished by an Irish environment and an Irish racial admixture, and so little achieved by the pure Scot under more favorable circumstances, is it not a reasonable deduction that the Irish element was the responsible factor in the achievement? If not, why not?

GEN. A. G. MALLOY
Texas

TIMOTHY P. SULLIVAN
New Hampshire

VICE-PRESIDENTS

ANDREW ATHY
Worcester, Mass.

CAPT. JOHN DRUM, U. S. A.

95That invader and invaded should hate each other bitterly is not of any particular importance as bearing on nationality; it is the experience of all lands and races. Presbyterian Murphys and McManuses are no argument for Scotch Murphys and McManuses; it may indicate intermarriage and change of religious faith; it can’t indicate a change of blood. The transformation of bogs and fens into gardens is merely a fairy story; the bogs and fens are in Ulster to-day. The fertile valleys of Ulster, ready to be entered on, were the bait to catch settlers, for the defeated and disheartened native Irish had been driven to the barren hills and bogs. Men as a rule don’t risk life and fortune for the privilege of transforming bogs into gardens in a hostile country; and, moreover, Motley says England and Scotland in that age had the rudest system of agriculture in Europe. The higher system of agriculture, as well as the woolen and linen industries, came with the skilled exiles from Holland and France; and even as great a plunderer as Wentworth was wise enough to foster them. And I might ask, why didn’t these marvelous Scots make their own country famous for woolen and linen industries, when they made their own laws and could snap their fingers at English jealousy?

Finally, if these people were Scotch “slightly hibernicized,” why did they on their arrival in America organize “Irish societies”? Why did they name towns and rivers with Irish names? Why did they celebrate St. Patrick’s day rather than St. Andrew’s?

It will pay Professor Fiske to examine into the Irish emigration of the eighteenth century and learn, as less erudite people have done, that as much of this stream flowed from Limerick, Cork, Waterford, Dublin, and English Bristol as from Ulster; and that Leinster and Munster poured in nearly as many Irish to Colonial America as did the northern provinces. What he is unwittingly doing is settling up the abhorrent dividing lines of religion and marking off our race into “Irish-Irish” and “Scotch-Irish” upon the lines of Catholicity and Protestantism. I as one of the Protestant Irish most strenuously object; the name Irish was good enough for my fathers; their son is proud to wear it as they did; and we must all insist that the Irish, without prefixes, without hyphens, without any qualification, all children of a common and well-loved motherland, shall be given their full measure of credit for the splendid work done by the race in America.

If Professor Fiske is true to himself and the principles and canons of his calling, he will find the truth and tell it, and waste no valuable time chasing myths and will-o’-the-wisps.

As an indication of the great interest of the occasion it may be remarked that the exercises were not brought to a close 96until 2.30 o’clock the next morning. Before adjourning, resolutions of condolence on the loss of the U. S. S. Maine were adopted by a standing vote, and the Secretary-General was instructed to transmit a copy of the resolutions to the President of the United States and to the Secretary of the Navy.

On Friday afternoon the members of the society were given a reception by Hon. John D. Crimmins, at his home, 40 East 68th Street. It was a most charming occasion. About forty gentlemen attended, including Dr. Emmet and his son; General O’Beirne and Captain McCrystal, of New York; and P. J. Flatley, of Boston; Thomas Hamilton Murray, of Rhode Island; J. F. Swords, of Hartford; O’Meagher Condon, of Washington, D. C.; Joseph Smith, of Lowell, Mass.; James Jeffrey Roche, Thomas B. Lawler, Michael Brennan, and many others.

The company first inspected Mr. Crimmins’s fine library and were shown many books and manuscripts, some of them of great rarity and value. A lunch was then served, after which the visitors were shown the magnificent collection of paintings for which Mr. Crimmins is so well known among lovers of art.

### THE AMERICAN-IRISH HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

#### When and where Founded.

The American-Irish Historical Society was founded on the evening of Jan. 20, 1897, at a meeting called for that purpose, and held in the Revere House, Boston, Mass. Over forty gentlemen were present. The Hon. Thomas J. Gargan, of Boston, presided. Thomas Hamilton Murray, then editor of the Daily Sun, Lawrence, Mass., was secretary of the meeting. The provisional committee that had attended to the preliminary work included Mr. Murray, just mentioned; Mr. James Jeffrey Roche, editor of the Boston Pilot; Mr. Joseph Smith, Secretary of the Police Commission, Lowell, Mass.; Mr. Thomas B. Lawler, of the publishing house, Ginn & Company, Boston, Mass.; and Hon. John C. Linehan, State Insurance Commissioner, Concord, N. H. Four states—Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, 97and Rhode Island—were represented among those in attendance. Letters conveying good wishes were received from Connecticut, New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, South Carolina, Georgia, Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, and the District of Columbia.

#### Objects and Purposes.

The society is organized for the special study of the Irish element in the composition of the American people; to investigate and record the influence of this element in the up-building of the nation, and to collect and publish facts relating to and illustrating that influence. People of Irish blood have been coming to this continent, voluntarily and otherwise, since the date of its earliest settlements. While they have been a valuable addition to colony and republic in all departments of human activity, their work and contributions have received but scant recognition from chroniclers of American history. Whether this omission springs from carelessness, ignorance, indifference, or design is now of little moment. The fact that such a condition does exist makes it imperative that it should be remedied. The society purposes to remedy it.

#### More in Detail.

Speaking more in detail, it may be stated that the objects and purposes of the society are: The study of American history generally; to investigate, specially, the Irish immigration to this country, determine its numbers, examine the sources, learn the places of its settlement, and estimate its influence on contemporary events in war, legislation, religion, education, and other departments of activity; to examine records of every character, wherever found, calculated to throw light on the work of the Irish element in this broad land; to endeavor to correct erroneous, distorted, and false views of history, where they are known, and to substitute therefor the truth of history, based on documentary evidence and the best and most reasonable tradition in relation to the Irish in America; to place the result of its historical investigations and researches in acceptable literary form; to print, publish, and distribute its documents to libraries, institutions of learning, and among its members, in order that the widest dissemination of historical truth may be obtained; to do its work without passion or prejudice; to view accomplished facts in the true scientific historical spirit, and having reached the truth to give it to the world.

98

#### Membership Requirements.

Any person of good moral character who is interested in the special work of the society shall be deemed eligible for membership in the same. No tests other than that of character and devotion to the society’s objects shall be applied to membership. The society comprises life members and annual members and may also elect honorary and corresponding members.

#### The Mode of Admission.

The society believes that for the present as little red tape as possible should prevail in the admission of applicants. A large membership is desired. Consequently, a request to be enrolled, addressed to the Secretary-General, to any of the members of the Executive Council, or to a member of the society who is located in the neighborhood of the applicant, will generally be sufficient to effect the desired result.

#### Non-Sectarian and Non-Political.

The society is constructed on a broad and liberal basis. It is non-sectarian and non-political. Being an American organization in spirit and principle, it greets and welcomes to its ranks Americans of whatever race descent and of whatever creed who take an interest in the special line of work for which the society is organized. It at present includes Roman Catholics, Protestant Episcopalians, Methodists, Presbyterians, Unitarians, and members of other denominations. Catholic priests and Protestant ministers are on its roll. Republicans, Democrats, and men of no political party affiliations are numbered among its members.

#### The Fees of Members.

Life members pay fifty dollars in advance at one time; they are exempt from further membership dues. Annual members pay three dollars per year each. For the present no initiation fee is required. Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia are already represented in the list of life members. The membership roll also contains the names of gentlemen of the seventh, eighth, and ninth American generations.

99

#### The Society’s Officers.

The officers comprise a President-General, a Secretary-General, a Treasurer-General, a Librarian and Archivist, an Historiographer (not yet elected), and an Executive Council. The constitution also provides for a Vice-President for each state and territory and for the District of Columbia. It is proposed to eventually organize state and city chapters of the society. A list of the present officers will be found contained herein.

#### The First President-General.

The first President-General of the society was Richard Worsam Meade, 3d, Rear-Admiral, U. S. N. (retired). He was born in New York City, Oct. 9, 1837, at the home of his maternal grandfather, Judge Henry Meigs, which family has given many officers to the United States Navy. He was the oldest son of the late Capt. Richard Worsam Meade, 2d, U. S. N., and was a nephew of the late Gen. George Gordon Meade, who for two years commanded the Army of the Potomac. President-General Meade died in Washington, D. C., May 4, 1897. His obsequies took place in that city. The Society contributed a floral harp. Among the mourners there were present from the society: Messrs. Edward A. Moseley, J. R. Carmody, J. D. O’Connell, and Capt. John M. Tobin. The honorary bearers were: Rear-Admiral John G. Walker, Commodore Charles S. Norton, Admiral George Dewey, Commodore Norman H. Farquhar, Commodore Winfield S. Schley, Capt. A. S. Crowinshield, Capt. Charles O’Neil, U. S. N., and Col. Charles Heywood, United States Marine Corps. Eight stalwart seamen bore the body. A battalion of marines from the Washington barracks, under command of Capt. E. B. Robinson, and a delegation from Lafayette Post of New York City, escorted the body to Arlington, preceded by the United States Marine Band.

#### Meetings and Field Day.

Provision is made for quarterly meetings of the society and monthly meetings of the Executive Council. As far as possible, each meeting, especially those of the Council, is held in a city or state different from the one where the preceding meeting was held. This prevents the society from becoming merely local to any one state or city, and makes it what its founders intended it to be—a 100national body. A general field day of the organization is held annually in the summer or fall. The annual meeting for the election of officers is held in January.

#### Diploma of Membership.

Each member will be entitled to a diploma of membership, bearing the name of the society, the date of his admission, and such other appropriate matter as may be decided upon. These certificates will be signed by the President-General, the Secretary-General, the Treasurer-General, and one or two other officers, and will be suitable for display in office, library, or study.

#### The Society’s Publications.

The publications of the society consist of two classes—regular and special. A copy of every regular publication will be supplied free to each member. Special publications will be supplied at the actual cost price. Both classes of publications will contain a record of the society’s proceedings, papers contributed by the members as the result of original research, extracts from old documents bearing upon the Irish in this country, or similar matter of interest, much of it, indeed, of priceless value for preservation and reference. These publications will be thoroughly indexed.

101

## THE SOCIETY’S OFFICERS.

President-General,
Edward A. Moseley,
Interstate Commerce Commission, Washington, D. C.
Secretary-General,
Thomas Hamilton Murray,
Editor, 1 Beechwood Avenue, Pawtucket, R. I.
Treasurer-General,
John C. Linehan,
State Insurance Commissioner, Concord, N. H.
Librarian and Archivist,
Thomas B. Lawler, Worcester, Mass.
(With Ginn & Company, Publishers, Boston, New York, Chicago, London.)

### EXECUTIVE COUNCIL.

The foregoing and
James Jeffrey Roche, Editor The Pilot, Boston, Mass.
Maurice F. Egan, Catholic University, Washington, D. C.
Hon. Morgan J. O’Brien, New York City.
Hon. John D. Crimmins, New York City.
Thomas J. Gargan, of the law firm, Gargan & Keating, Boston, Mass.
Joseph Smith, Secretary of the Board of Police, Lowell, Mass.
Hon. James S. Coleman, New York City.
Robert Ellis Thompson, President Central High School, Philadelphia, Pa.
Frank C. Travers, New York City.
102 Hon. Thomas Dunn English, Newark, N. J.
Stephen J. Geoghegan, New York City.
T. Russell Sullivan, a descendant of Gov. James Sullivan of Massachusetts, Boston.
Francis Higgins, New York City.
Augustus St. Gaudens, New York City.
Joseph F. Swords, Hartford, Ct.

### STATE VICE-PRESIDENTS.

Maine—James Cunningham, Portland.
New Hampshire—Timothy P. Sullivan, Concord.
Vermont—T. W. Moloney, Rutland.
Massachusetts—Osborne Howes, Boston.
Rhode Island—M. Joseph Harson, Providence.
Connecticut—Hon. Thomas M. Waller, former Governor of Connecticut.
New York—Gen. James R. O’Beirne, New York City.
New Jersey—Hon. William McAdoo, Assistant Secretary of the Navy under President Cleveland, Washington, D. C.
Pennsylvania—Gen. St. Clair A. Mulholland, Philadelphia.
Virginia—Hon. Joseph T. Lawless, Richmond.
West Virginia—O’Brien Moore, Charleston.
South Carolina—Ex-U. S. Senator M. C. Butler, Edgefield.
Georgia—Ex-U. S. Senator Patrick Walsh, Augusta.
Ohio—Rev. George W. Pepper, Cleveland.
Indiana—Very Rev. Andrew Morrissey, Notre Dame.
Missouri—Julius L. Foy, Esq.
Michigan—Hon. T. A. E. Weadock, Detroit.
Colorado—Dr. James E. Lowery, Sopris.
Utah—Joseph Geoghegan, Salt Lake City.
Texas—Gen. A. G. Malloy, El Paso.
District of Columbia—J. D. O’Connell, Washington.
103

## MEMBERSHIP ROLL,
AMERICAN-IRISH HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

Abbott, F. J., 8 I Street, South Boston, Mass.

Ackland, Thomas J., editorial department, The Pilot, 630 Washington Street, Boston, Mass.

Ahern, John, 5 Highland Street, Concord, N. H.

Ahern, William J., 64 Franklin Street, Concord, N. H.; has served as a member of the Legislature of New Hampshire.

Alley, John R. (life member of the society), 123 Heath Street, Roxbury (Boston), Mass.

Armstrong, Col. James, Charleston, S. C.; Board of Harbor Commissioners.

Arundel, Edward L., ex-member City Council, Lawrence, Mass.

Aspell, Dr. John, 357 West 56th Street, New York City.

Aylward, James F., 347 Tremont Building, Boston, Mass.

Barnes, James, Players’ Club, New York City; grandnephew of Commodore Jack Barry.

Barrett, David L., Englewood, N. J.

Barrett, Dr. Thomas J., 41 Wellington Street, Worcester, Mass.; member State Board of Dental Registration.

Barry, H. Nason, The Pilot Office, 630 Washington Street, Boston, Mass.

Barry, Very Rev. John E., Vicar-General Roman Catholic Diocese of Manchester, N. H.; residence, Concord, N. H.

Bennett, Joseph M. (M. D.), 186 Broad Street, Providence, R. I.; a brother of Secretary of State Bennett of Rhode Island.

Betts, Rev. George C., Rector St. James’s Protestant Episcopal Church, Goshen, N. Y.

Birmingham, Robert M. (M. D.), South Lawrence, Mass.

Bodfish, Rev. Joshua P., Rector St. John’s Roman Catholic Church, Canton, Mass.

Boland, Michael J., Biddeford, Me.

Bolton, Rev. J. Gray (D. D.) (Presbyterian), 1906 Pine Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Boyle, Hon. Patrick J., Mayor of Newport, R. I.

Boyle, Thomas H., 25 Merrimack Street, Lowell, Mass.

Bradley, Richard E., 122 Monument Street, Portland, Me.

Bradley, William J., lawyer, Central Building, Lawrence, Mass.

104 Brady, Col. James D., Kellogg Building, Washington, D. C.; ex-Member of Congress from Virginia; during the war joined the 37th N. Y. Volunteers (Irish Rifles), of which he was adjutant; transferred to the 69th N. Y. Volunteers (of the Irish Brigade), which he subsequently commanded.

Brady, Rev. Cyrus Townsend, Protestant Episcopal Archdeacon of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.

Brandon, Edward J., City Clerk, Cambridge, Mass.

Brannigan, Felix, Assistant Attorney-General, Department of Justice, Washington, D. C.

Bree, Jr., James P., 820 Chapel Street, New Haven, Ct.

Breen, Hon. John, Lawrence, Mass.; vice-chairman of the School Board; served three terms as Mayor of Lawrence.

Brennan, James F., attorney and counsellor-at-law, Peterborough, N. H.; delivered an address on the early Irish settlers at the 150th anniversary of Peterborough.

Brennan, Michael, 2 West 75th Street, New York City; proprietor of the Hotel San Remo, 74th and 75th Streets and Central Park West.

Brennan, Thomas S., 353 West 56th Street, New York City.

Broderick, James A., Opera Block, Manchester, N. H.

Broderick, Rev. Thos. W., Hartford, Ct.

Broe, James A., 478 Congress Street, Portland, Me.

Brophy, John P. (Ph.D., LL.D.), 321 West 137th Street, New York City.

Brosnahan, Rev. Timothy, Rector St. Mary’s Church, Waltham, Mass.

Brown, Col. William L., Daily News, New York City.

Bryson, John, 677 Elm Street, Manchester, N. H.

Buckley, Dennis T., 19 Bacon Street, Biddeford, Me.

Bucklin, Hon. Elisha W., Pawtucket, R. I.; ex-State Auditor of Rhode Island.

Butler, Hon. Matthew C., ex-United States Senator, Edgefield, S. C.

Butler, Rev. Thomas F., Lewiston, Me.

Burke, J. E., Superintendent of Public Schools, Lawrence, Mass.

Burke, Robert E., recently City Solicitor, Newburyport, Mass.

Burke, Tobias A., Argus Office, Portland, Me.

Byrne, John, 45 Wall Street, New York City.

Cahill, M. J., dry-goods merchant, Essex Street, Lawrence, Mass.

Callaghan, Lawrence, manufacturer, 95 Locke Street, Haverhill, Mass.

Callahan, John A., School Principal, 79 Lincoln Street, Holyoke, Mass.

Callahan, John F., 202–206 Lincoln Street, Boston, Mass.

Callanan, E. J., of Marlier, Callanan & Co., 172 Tremont Street, Boston, Mass.

Calnin, James, 101–107 Lakeview Avenue, Lowell, Mass.

Campbell, James P., lawyer, 20 West 70th Street, New York City.

Cannon, James N., 240 Hamilton Street, New Haven, Ct.

Cantwell, John J., Brookline, Mass.

105 Canty, T. W., Chicopee, Mass.

Carey, Jeremiah J., office the Sunday Star, Lawrence, Mass.

Carmichael, James H., Lowell, Mass.

Carmody, John R., Paymaster U. S. N.; Washington Loan and Trust Co., 1220 Sixteenth Street, Washington, D. C.

Carney, Matthew J., of M. Carney & Co., Lawrence, Mass.

Carney, Michael, of M. Carney & Co., Lawrence, Mass.

Carroll, Edward, Cashier Leavenworth National Bank, Leavenworth, Kansas.

Carroll, Hon. Hugh J., Pawtucket, R. I., ex-Member of the Rhode Island General Assembly; ex-Mayor of Pawtucket.

Carroll, James B., lawyer, 50 Temple Street, Springfield, Mass.

Carroll, Thomas, director of the Public Library, Peabody, Mass.

Carter, Richard A., proprietor of the Central House, Lawrence, Mass.

Casey, Stephen J., lawyer, Providence, R. I.

Casey, William J., Palm Street, Bangor, Me.

Cashman, John, 30 Church Street, Manchester, N. H.

Casman, John P., 34 Howard Street, Springfield, Mass.

Cavanagh, Michael, 1159 Fourth Street, N. E., Washington, D. C.

Cavanaugh, John B., 924 Elm Street, Manchester, N. H.

Cavanaugh, Thomas Jeffrey, 54 Stark Corporation, Manchester, N. H.

Chaplin, Heman W., a descendant of the Revolutionary O’Briens of Machias, Me.; attorney-at-law, 53 State Street, Boston, Mass.

Clare, William F., 39 Cortlandt Street, New York City.

Clark, Joseph H., 13 Adam Street, Lowell, Mass.

Clark, Rev. James F., New Bedford, Mass.

Clarke, Rev. Michael, Rector Church of the Sacred Heart, East Boston, Mass.

Clary, Charles H., Hallowell, Me.; a descendant of “John Clary of Newcastle, province of New Hampshire, who was published to Jane Mahoney of Georgetown, Me., 1750.” John settled in Georgetown, presumably about the time of his marriage. Four children were born before 1760.

Clifford, James, El Paso, Texas.

Clune, John H., Postmaster, Springfield, Mass.

Coakley, Daniel H., 77 Arlington Street, Brighton (Boston), Mass.; Member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1892–94; has a law office in Pemberton Square, Boston.

Coffey, John J., Neponset, Mass.

Cogan, D. S., 320 Congress Street, Portland, Me.

Cohalan, Daniel F., lawyer, 271 Broadway, New York City.

Coleman, Cornelius F., 162–164 Middle Street, Portland, Me.

Coleman, James S., 38 East 69th Street, New York City.

Collins, Hon. Patrick A., ex-Member of Congress; late United States Consul-General to London, England; Tremont Building, Boston, Mass.

106 Collins, James M., 6 Sexton Avenue, South Main Street, Concord, N. H.

Collins, Rev. Charles W., the Cathedral, Portland, Me.

Collins, Stephen J., 212 Main Street, Springfield, Mass.

Collins, William D. (M. D.), 170 Winter Street, Haverhill, Mass.

Collison, Harvey N., member Massachusetts Legislature, 1887–88; has also served on Boston School Board and Metropolitan Sewerage Commission; lawyer, 5 Tremont Street, Boston, Mass.

Conaty, Rt. Rev. Thomas J. (D. D.), Rector of the Catholic University, Washington, D. C.

Concannon, John S., 19 Crystal Cove Avenue, Winthrop, Mass., or City Hall, Boston, Mass.

Condon, Edward O’Meagher, office U. S. Supervising Architect, Washington, D. C.

Coney, Patrick H., attorney-at-law, Topeka, Kansas.

Conley, Henry, 7 Winthrop Street, Portland, Me.

Conley, John E., 87 Weybosset Street, Providence, R. I.; ex-Clerk of the Rhode Island House of Representatives.

Conlin, Michael, 59 South Broadway, Lawrence, Mass.

Conlon, Michael, 15 Pool Street, Biddeford, Me.

Connellan, James A., 98 Exchange Street, Portland, Me.

Conner, John E., City Marshal, Chicopee, Mass.

Conners, Edward, 31 Hammond Street, Bangor, Me.; has been a member of the Board of Aldermen, of the Police Examining Board, and has filled other municipal offices.

Connery, William P., Pleasant Street, Lynn, Mass.

Connolly, James, Coronado, Cal.

Connolly, Michael J., Trustee of the Public Library, Waltham, Mass.

Connolly, Rev. Arthur T., Rector Church of the Blessed Sacrament, Center and Creighton Streets, Roxbury (Boston), Mass.

Connolly, Richard, 132 Boston Street, Salem, Mass.

Connolly, Thomas G., 147 L Street, South Boston, Mass.

Connor, J. F., of Connor & Tracy, Peabody, Mass.

Connor, John J., Sunday Register Office, Essex Street, Lawrence, Mass.

Connor, John W., 93 Main Street, Nashua, N. H.

Connor, Michael, 509 Beach Street, Manchester, N. H.

Conroy, Philip F., Newport Gaslight Co., Newport, R. I.

Corcoran, C. J., City Clerk, Lawrence, Mass.

Corcoran, Dr. Luke, Springfield, Mass.

Corcoran, Hon. John W., recently a Judge of the Superior Court; Tremont Building, Boston, Mass.

Corr, Bernard, Chamber of Commerce Building, Boston, Mass.

Corrigan, J. P. (M. D.), Benedict House, Pawtucket, R. I.

Costello, Frederick H., Bangor, Me.; a native of that city and great-grandson of an Irishman.

Costello, J. C., Washington and Warren Streets, Newark, N. J.

107 Costello, John H., 40 East Brookline Street, Boston, Mass.

Coughlin, J. A., Manager, Essex Street, Lawrence, Mass.

Coughlin, John, 177 Water Street, Augusta, Me.

Coyle, Rev. James, Taunton, Mass.

Crane, Hon. M. W., Attorney-General, Austin, Texas.

Crane, John, 307 West 103d Street, New York City.

Cranitch, William, 841 West End Avenue, New York City.

Crimmins, John D., capitalist (life member), 50 East 59th Street, New York City.

Cronin, Capt. William, Rutland, Vt.

Cronin, John H., druggist, 317 Broadway, Lawrence, Mass.

Cronin, William J., 87 Weybosset Street, Providence, R. I.; member of the Pawtucket School Board.

Croston, Dr. J. F., Emerson Street, Haverhill, Mass.

Crowe, Edward J., Lamoille, Winona County, Minn.

Crowell, Hon. Henry G., South Yarmouth, Mass.; a descendant of David O’Killia (O’Kelly), who settled on Cape Cod as early as 1657, and who is mentioned in the old Yarmouth, Mass., records as “the Irishman.” The records show that at the close of King Philip’s War, O’Killia was assessed his proportionate part towards defraying the expenses of that struggle.

Crowley, Bartholomew, manufacturer, Haverhill, Mass.

Crowley, Jeremiah, of the law firm, Crowley & O’Hearn, Lowell, Mass.

Crowley, John F., Standard Clothing Co., Bangor, Me.

Culhane, Thomas A., Marietta, Lane County, Penn.

Cummings, Dr. W. F., Rutland, Vt.

Cummings, Matthew J., Overseer of the Poor, Providence, R. I.

Cummins, Rev. John F., Roslindale, Mass.

Cunningham, Christopher D., 178 Congress Street, Portland, Me.

Cunningham, Francis W., 167 Congress Street, Portland, Me.

Cunningham, James, 277 Congress Street, Portland, Me.

Cunningham, John E., Gardiner, Me.

Curran, Bartley J., 72 Exchange Street, Portland, Me.

Curran, James, president the James Curran Mfg. Co., 512–514 West 36th Street, New York City.

Curran, Maurice J., of the Curran & Joyce Co., Lawrence, Mass.

Curran, William F., 38 Fern Street, Bangor, Me.; has served three terms on the Board of Aldermen.

Curry, Capt. P. S., 1 Box Place, Lynn, Mass.; superintendent of construction for the new Federal Building in that city.

Curtin, Jeremiah, Bristol, Vt.; author of Hero Tales of Ireland, Myths and Folk-Lore of Ireland, Myths and Folk Tales of the Russians, Western Slavs and Magyars; translator of works of Henryk Sienkiewicz.

Cusack, Peter, 38 Washington Street, Newburyport, Mass.

108 Cushnahan, Rev. P. M., Rector of St. Joseph’s Roman Catholic Church, Ogden City, Utah.

Dailey, Peter, real estate, etc., 209 Washington Street, Boston, Mass.

Daly, Hon. Joseph F., Court House, Chambers Street, New York City; Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.

Daly, John, South Broadway, Lawrence, Mass.

Daly, John J., Salt Lake City, Utah; one of the heaviest mine owners in the state.

Daly, Rev. Patrick J., Rector Church of St. Francis de Sales, Vernon Street, Roxbury (Boston), Mass.

Danvers, Robert E., 17 West 65th Street, New York City.

Dasey, Charles V., 7 Broad Street, Boston, Mass.

Davidson, John A., Adjutant, 69th Regt. N. Y. V., 246 West 45th Street, New York City.

Davis, Dr. F. L., 253 Main Street, Biddeford, Me., City Physician.

Davis, Hon. Robert T., Fall River, Mass.; ex-Mayor, ex-Member of Congress.

Davis, John J., Greenville, Pa.

Day, Hon. William A., Washington, D. C.; recently second auditor of the U. S. Treasury.

DeCourcy, Charles A., of DeCourcy & Coulson, lawyers, Essex Street, Lawrence, Mass.

Dempsey, George C., Lowell, Mass.

Dempsey, Henry L., Stillwater, R. I.; Postmaster; member Smithfield Town Council.

Dempsey, Patrick, Market Street, Lowell, Mass.

Dennison, Joseph A., of law firm, Coakley & Dennison, Pemberton Square, Boston, Mass.

Desmond, J. J., druggist, 565 Broadway, Lawrence, Mass.

Desmond, John F., civil engineer, 83 Merrimac Street, Haverhill, Mass.

Devine, P. A., 100 Central Street, Manchester, N. H.

Dignam, M. A. (D. D. S.), 295 Essex Street, Lawrence, Mass.

Dillon, Capt. Moses, El Paso, Texas.

Dillon, Thomas J. (M. D.), 121 Vernon Street, Roxbury (Boston), Mass.

Doherty, James L., 131 Bowdoin Street, Springfield, Mass.

Doherty, Philip J., 23 Court Street, Boston, Mass.; lawyer; has served several terms in the Massachusetts Legislature; in 1886 was nominee for Speaker of the House; in 1889 was appointed member of the Boston Water Board.

Dolan, Patrick J., 901 Garfield Building, Cleveland, O.

Donahoe, D. J., of Donahoe Brothers, manufacturers, Lynn, Mass.

Donahoe, Dan A., 285 Essex Street, Lawrence, Mass.

Donahoe, Dr. Florence, 1134 Eighth Street, N. W., Washington, D. C.

Donahoe, John P., Wilmington, Del.; National Commander, Union Veteran Legion; a member of the recent Constitutional Convention of the state.

109 Donahoe, Patrick, publisher of The Pilot, Boston, Mass.

Donahue, Frank P., 9 Pynchon Street, Springfield, Mass.

Donahue, Hugh (M. D.), 200 Winter Street, Haverhill, Mass.

Donahue, John J., Keene, N. H.

Donigan, Bernard E., of Donigan & O’Brien, clothiers, 322 Essex Street, Lawrence, Mass.; formerly Postmaster at Orono, Me.

Donnellan, Col. John W., banker, Salt Lake City, Utah.

Donnelly, B. J., of Shea & Donnelly, granite workers and contractors, Lynn, Mass.

Donnelly, Hon. Ignatius, Nininger, Minn.; upholder of the Baconian theory regarding Shakespeare’s works; twice elected Lieutenant-Governor of Minnesota; has been a Member of Congress.

Donnelly, Hugh J., 100 Central Street, Springfield, Mass.

Donoghoe, Dr. D. F., 240 Maple Street, Holyoke, member School Board.

Donovan, Col. Henry F., Chicago, Ill.; late Inspector-General Illinois National Guard; served five terms as President of the County Board of Education; proprietor of the Chicago Eagle.

Donovan, Daniel, 21 High Rock Street, Lynn, Mass.; an authority on heraldry, armorial bearings, etc., particularly as the same relate to Ireland.

Donovan, Daniel A., of D. A. Donovan & Co., manufacturers, 47–51 Willow Street, Lynn, Mass.

Donovan, Dr. James A., Lewiston, Me.

Donovan, John J., lawyer, Essex Street, Lawrence, Mass.

Donovan, Joseph, lawyer, Central Building, Lawrence, Mass.

Donovan, M. F., of D. A. Donovan & Co., 47–51 Willow Street, Lynn, Mass.

Donovan, Michael R. (M. D.), 128 South Common Street, Lynn, Mass.

Donovan, Timothy, of D. A. Donovan & Co., 47–51 Willow Street, Lynn, Mass.

Donovan, William H., Lawrence, Mass.

Doogue, William, Superintendent of public grounds, Boston, Mass.

Doolittle, James G., Salt Lake City, Utah.

Doran, John, of the law firm, McGuinness & Doran, Weybosset Street, Providence, R. I.

Doran, Patrick L., Salt Lake City, Utah.

Dowd, Frederick C., Tremont Building, Boston, Mass.

Dowd, Michael, Tacoma, Wash.

Dowd, Michael J., 31–39 Merrimack Street, Lowell, Mass.

Dowd, Peter A., 95 Milk Street, Boston, Mass.

Dowling, M. J., Renville, Minn.; Secretary of the National Republican League.

Dowling, Rev. Austin, Editor The Visitor, Providence, R. I.

Downey, Daniel, 50 Piedmont Street, Worcester, Mass.

Doyle, John F., 45 William Street, New York City.

110 Driscoll, C. F., attorney-at-law, 157 Church Street, New Haven, Conn.

Driscoll, Florence F., 56 Adams Street, Portland, Me.

Drummond, Michael J., 148 West 76th Street, New York City.

Duff, Dr. John, 5 Dexter Row, Charlestown (Boston), Mass.

Duff, John, 35 Purchase Street, New Bedford, Mass.

Duffy, Arthur E., 39 Ash Street, New Bedford, Mass.

Duggan, John T. (M. D., A. M.), President Visiting Staff, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Worcester, Mass.

Dunn, Edward P., 12 Lincoln Street, Augusta, Me.

Dunne, F. L., 328 Washington Street, Boston, Mass.

Dunnigan, D. G., publisher, New Bedford, Mass.

Dwyer, Anthony, Biddeford, Me.

Dwyer, M. J., Superintendent Marcella Street Home, Boston, Mass.

Dyer, Dr. William H., Dover, N. H.

Dyer, Hon. Elisha, Governor of Rhode Island.

Early, James, Deputy Sheriff, Worcester, Mass.

Egan, James T., of the law firm, Gorman & Egan, Banigan Building, Providence, R. I.

Egan, Maurice F. (LL.D.), Catholic University, Washington, D. C.

Egan, Rev. M. H., Rector Church of the Sacred Heart, Lebanon, N. H.

Ellard, George W., 180 Lisbon Street, Lewiston, Me.

Emmet, Dr. Thomas Addis, New York City; grandnephew of Robert Emmet, the Irish patriot.

English, Hon. Thomas Dunn (LL.D.), 57 State Street, Newark, N. J.; ex-Member of Congress; a well-known and entertaining writer.

Fagan, Thomas J., Sergeant of Police, Chicago, Ill.

Fahey, M. J., P. O. box 893, New Haven, Conn.

Fahey, Rev. John T., 15 Thomas Street, Fall River, Mass.

Fallon, Hon. Joseph D., 789 Broadway, South Boston, Mass.

Fallon, Michael F. (M. D.), 9 Portland Street, Worcester, Mass.

Farrell, Edward D., 329 West 50th Street, New York City.

Farrell, Henry W. (M. D.), 1913 Westminster Street, Providence, R. I.

Farrell, J. T. (M. D.), 1913 Westminster Street, Providence, R. I.

Farrell, John P., New Haven, Conn.

Farrell, William, Carnation Street, Pawtucket, R. I.

Farrelly, Frank T., 424 Main Street, Springfield, Mass.

Fay, Joseph H. (M. D.), 1283 Pleasant Street, Fall River, Mass.

Feehan, Rev. Daniel F., Fitchburg, Mass.

Feeley, William J., treasurer of The W. J. Feeley Co., silversmiths and manufacturing jewelers, 185 Eddy Street, Providence, R. I.

Feenan, Bernard, 85 Harbor Street, Salem, Mass.

Field, John H., 27 High Street, Nashua, N. H.

Finerty, Hon. John F., 69 Dearborn Street, Chicago, Ill.; Editor of The Citizen; ex-Member of Congress.

Finn, Rev. Thomas J., St. Mary’s Roman Catholic Church, Derby, Conn.

111 Finnigan, James C., 139 Broad Street, Bangor, Me.; proprietor of the largest cracker manufactory in the state.

Finnigan, Patrick J. (M. D.), 361 Cambridge Street, East Cambridge, Mass.

Finnigan, Thomas J., 121 Somerset Street, Bangor, Me.; member of the Park Commission.

Fitzgerald, David E., 179 Church Street, New Haven, Conn.

Fitzgerald, Patrick J., manufacturer, 44 Nichols Street, Haverhill, Mass.

Fitzgerald, Rev. E. J., Chicopee, Mass.

Fitzgerald, William T., High Street, Nashua, N. H.

Fitzmaurice, Charles R., Rossland, British Columbia.

Fitzpatrick, Edward, editorial department of The Times, Louisville, Ky.

Fitzpatrick, J. M., 120 West 59th Street, New York City.

Fitzpatrick, John B., real estate, etc., 23 Court Street, Boston, Mass.; has been deputy sheriff of Suffolk County, Mass.; was for several years an officer of the Supreme Court.

Fitzpatrick, Thomas B., of the wholesale dry goods firm of Brown, Durrell & Co., Boston, Mass.

Fitzsimons, Hon. James M., Chief Justice of the City Court, New York.

Flaherty, Thomas H., 62 Gray Street, Portland, Me.

Flanagan, Dr. Andrew J., 29 George Street, Springfield, Mass.

Flannery, Capt. John, Savannah, Ga.; of John Flannery & Co., cotton factors and commission merchants.

Flatley, Joseph P., 916 Beacon Street, Boston, Mass.

Flatley, P. J., lawyer, Tremont Building, Boston, Mass.

Flatley, Rev. John, Rector St. Peter’s Roman Catholic Church, Cambridge, Mass.

Flynn, Hon. Joseph J., Opera House, Lawrence, Mass.; a State Senator.

Flynn, John C., The Pilot Office, 630 Washington Street, Boston, Mass.

Flynn, Rev. James A., Biddeford, Me.

Flynn, Thomas J., 18–20 Essex Street, Boston, Mass.

Fogarty, James A., New Haven, Conn., Police Commissioner.

Fogarty, Jeremiah W., assessors’ department, City Hall, Boston, Mass.; Secretary of the Charitable Irish Society (founded 1737).

Foley, Bernard, 39 Edgewood Street, Roxbury (Boston), Mass.

Foley, Frank W., 284 Grand Avenue, New Haven, Conn.

Foy, Julius L., lawyer, 408–409 Continental Bank Building, St. Louis, Mo.

Frawley, John P., 73 Main Street, Bangor, Me.

Furlong, Joseph D., 75 Westminster Street, Providence, R. I.

Gallagher, Cornelius J., 271 State Street, Bangor, Me.

Gallagher, Hugh T., 11 Birch Street, Bangor, Me.

Gallagher, Thomas F., Judge of the City Court, Fitchburg, Mass.

Galligan, Edward F. (M. D.), 63 Washington Street, Taunton, Mass.

Gallivan, Maurice, 58 Dracut Street, Dorchester, Mass.

Galvin, John E., 14 Bailey Street, Dorchester, Mass.

112 Galvin, Rev. John B., Rector St. Ann’s Church, Somerville, Mass.

Gargan, Thomas J., ex-President Boston Charitable Irish Society (founded 1737); delivered the oration for the city, July 4, 1885; served several terms in the Massachusetts Legislature; is a member of the law firm, Gargan & Keating, Pemberton Square, Boston, Mass.; member Subway Commission.

Garrigan, Rev. Philip J., Catholic University, Washington, D. C.

Garvan, Hon. Patrick, President Park Commission, Hartford, Conn.

Garvey, Patrick J., lawyer, Holyoke, Mass.

Gavin, Michael, of M. Gavin & Co., wholesale grocers and cotton factors, 232–234 Front Street, Memphis, Tenn.

Geoghegan, Joseph, Salt Lake City, Utah.

Geoghegan, Stephen J., 20 East 73d Street, New York City.

Gibbons, T. F., with Theodore M. Roche & Co., 203 Broadway, New York City.

Gilbride, Patrick, of O’Donnell & Gilbride, Lowell, Mass.

Gillrain, James M., Banigan Building, Providence, R. I.

Gilmartin, Denis, Lawrence, Mass.

Glynn, John W., Manager the Mansion House, Springfield, Mass.

Glynn, Thomas H., Water and Federal Streets, Newburyport, Mass.

Goggin, John F., 57 Locust Street, New Bedford, Mass.

Goodwin, John (life member), 70–72 West 23d Street, New York City.

Gorman, Hon. Charles E., Banigan Building, Providence, R. I.; ex-Speaker of the Rhode Island House of Representatives; ex-U. S. District Attorney; member of the recent Commission to Revise the State Constitution of Rhode Island.

Gorman, James J., 406 Spring Street, Fall River, Mass.

Grace, Rev. Philip (D. D.), Newport, R. I.

Graham, Andrew M., 27 Middle Street, Newburyport, Mass.

Graham, Rev. John J., St. James’s Roman Catholic Church, Haverhill, Mass.

Grainger, William H. (M. D.), 408 Meridian Street, East Boston, Mass.

Gregg, Matthew C., 213 Water Street, Lawrence, Mass.

Griffin, John, 110 State Street, Portsmouth, N. H.

Griffin, Rt. Rev. Mgr. (D. D.), St. John’s Church, Worcester, Mass.

Griffis, Rev. William Elliot (D. D.), Ithaca, N. Y.; formerly pastor of the First Reformed Church, Schenectady, N. Y., and subsequently of the Shawmut Congregational Church, Boston, Mass.; some years ago went to Japan to organize schools on the American plan; held chair of physics in the Imperial University at Tokio; an able writer and author of note.

Grimes, Robert W., Pawtucket, R. I.

Grimes, Thomas, of Grimes Bros., Providence, R. I.

Guiney, John, 9 Harvey Street, Biddeford, Me.

Hall, Edward A., member of the Connecticut Valley Historical Society, 66 Spring Street, Springfield, Mass.

113 Halley, William, publisher of The Vindicator, Austin, Ill.

Halpine, Lieut. N. J. F. (U. S. N.), West Roxbury, Mass.

Haltigan, Patrick J., Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.

Hanley, Frank L., Olneyville, R. I.

Hanrahan, Dr. John D., Rutland, Vt., Surgeon in U. S. Navy during Civil War; ex-Postmaster of Rutland; first President Rutland County Medical and Surgical Society.

Hanrahan, William J., 200 Essex Street, Lawrence, Mass.

Harney, Hubert J., of the manufacturing firm Harney Bros., 103 Washington Street, Lynn, Mass.

Harney, Patrick J., of Harney Bros., 103 Washington Street, Lynn, Mass.

Harney, Thomas F., of Harney Bros., 103 Washington Street, Lynn, Mass.

Harper, William, Jr., People’s Institute, Roxbury (Boston), Mass.

Harrington, Rev. J. C., Rector of St. Joseph’s Roman Catholic Church, Lynn, Mass.

Harrington, Rev. John M., Lewiston, Me.

Harrington, Thomas F. (M. D.), Lowell, Mass.

Harrington, Timothy, Water Street, Newburyport, Mass.

Harson, M. Joseph, 126 Waterman Street, Providence, R. I.; a founder of Phi Kappa Sigma Fraternity; member of the Rhode Island Historical Society.

Harty, Rev. John, Rector of the Church of the Sacred Heart, Pawtucket, R. I.

Hastings, Hon. Daniel H., Governor of Pennsylvania, Harrisburg, Pa.

Hayes, Dr. S. W., New Bedford, Mass.

Hayes, Hon. John J., 8 Oliver Street, Boston, Mass.; commission merchant; has been a member of the Boston School Board and a State Senator.

Hayes, John, Concord Street, Manchester, N. H.

Heagney, Michael J., 2 Hancock Street, Linden district, Malden, Mass.

Healey, Col. D. F., Manchester, N. H.; served on the Staff of Governor Goodell of New Hampshire; was high sheriff of Hillsborough County, N. H., for over twelve years.

Healey, Jere, President of the Board of Aldermen, Newburyport, Mass.

Healey, John W., 128 Washington Street, Lynn, Mass.

Healy, Col. John G., 117 Sherman Avenue, New Haven, Conn.; served in Ninth Connecticut Regiment during Civil War; has been first Vice-President of the Nineteenth Army Corps Association.

Healy, John A., 85 West Hollis Street, Nashua, N. H.

Healy, Richard, President Bay State Savings Bank, Worcester, Mass.

Hearn, Edward L., State Deputy Knights of Columbus, South Framingham, Mass.

Heery, Col. Luke, 99 Fairmount Street, Lowell, Mass.; recently on the Staff of Governor Waller of Connecticut.

Heery, James, 99 Fairmount Street, Lowell, Mass.

114 Heffern, Peter J. (D. D. S.), 255 Main Street, Pawtucket, R. I.; member of the State Board of Registration in Dentistry.

Hegerty, Stephen J., Hallowell, Me.

Hennessy, Daniel (M. D.), 5 High Street, Bangor, Me.

Hickey, James G. (life member), Manager U. S. Hotel, Boston, Mass.

Hickey, Michael J., manufacturer, 80 Emerson Street, Haverhill, Mass.

Hicks, Michael, 147 West 121st Street, New York City.

Hogan, Capt. Thomas J., 225 Middle Street, Portland, Me.

Hogan, Daniel W., 40 Cushing Street, Medford, Mass.

Hogan, John W., 4 Weybosset Street, Providence, R. I.

Hogan, Very Rev. John B. (S. S., D. D.), President of St. John’s Ecclesiastical Seminary, Brighton (Boston), Mass.

Holland, D. A., Opera Block, Manchester, N. H.

Holland, Dennis J., Industrial Trust Building, Providence, R. I.

Holland, John P., 141 Broadway, New York City; inventor of the submarine torpedo boat.

Hopkins, William, Assistant Day Editor Boston Globe; the talented “Bud Brier.”

Horigan, Cornelius, Biddeford, Me.; ex-Member Maine Legislature.

Howard, Rev. J. J., St. Peter’s Roman Catholic Church, Worcester, Mass.

Howard, T. J., lawyer, Manchester, N. H.

Howes, Osborne, Secretary of the Board of Fire Underwriters, 55 Kilby Street, Boston, Mass.; a descendant of David O’Killia (O’Kelly), who is heard from on Cape Cod, Mass., as early as 1657, and who was a participant in King Philip’s War; Mr. Howes is of the seventh American generation on the O’Killia side and of the eighth on another.

Howley, Edward B., El Paso, Texas.

Hoye, John A., 40 Third Street, Dover, N. H.

Hughes, Rev. Christopher, Fall River, Mass.

Hurley, Rev. E. F., Rector of St. Dominic’s Roman Catholic Church, Portland, Me.

Hyde, William A., 61 Murdock Street, Brighton (Boston), Mass.

Jackson, Joseph, of the Curran & Joyce Co., Lawrence, Mass.

Johnson, James G., 301 West End Avenue, New York City.

Jordan, M. J., lawyer, 42 Court Street, Boston, Mass.

Kane, John P., lawyer, Central Building, Lawrence, Mass.

Keating, James E. (M. D.), 143 Pine Street, Portland, Me.

Keating, Patrick M., of the law firm, Gargan & Keating, Pemberton Square, Boston, Mass.

Keating, William H., 15 Vaughn Street, Portland, Me.

Keefe, Dennis F. (D. D. S.), Butler Exchange, Providence, R. I.

Keefe, Patrick H. (M. D.), 257 Benefit Street, Providence, R. I.

Keely, George, 270 Brackett Street, Portland, Me.

Kehoe, John B., Portland, Me.

115 Keleher, T. D., Disbursing Clerk for office of auditor to the Post Office Department, Washington, D. C.

Kelley, Daniel B., 21 Windsor Street, Haverhill, Mass.

Kelley, J. D. Jerrold, Lieutenant-Commander U. S. N.; was recently attached to the battleship Texas; address, care Navy Department, Washington, D. C.

Kelley, John W., City Solicitor, Portsmouth, N. H.

Kelley, Joseph J., 98 Otis Street, East Cambridge, Mass.

Kelley, Patrick, 19 Davidson Street, Lowell, Mass.

Kelliher, Michael W. (M. D.), Pawtucket, R. I.

Kelly, James, 13 Greenleaf Street, Portland, Me.

Kelly, James E., Postmaster, Ogdensburg, N. Y.

Kelly, John P. (D. D. S), 12 Essex Street, Newburyport, Mass.

Kelly, Michael (M. D.), Fall River, Mass.

Kelly, William J., 9 Dover Street, Newburyport, Mass.

Kelly, William J., Kittery, Me.

Kendricken, Hon. Paul H., 75 Maple Street, Roxbury (Boston), Mass.; ex-State Senator; member of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion.

Kenefick, Owen A., photographer, Essex Street, Lawrence, Mass.

Kennedy, Charles F., Brewer, Me.

Kennedy, Dr. Francis M., 446 County Street, New Bedford, Mass.; Trustee of Public Library.

Kennedy, Hon. P. J., 165 Webster Street, East Boston, Mass.; has been a Senator.

Kennedy, John, 1129 Bedford Street, Fall River, Mass.

Kennedy, Joseph P., 311 South Water Street, New Bedford, Mass.

Kennedy, P. J., 322 and 324 Nicollet Avenue, Minneapolis, Minn.; of Kennedy Bros., dealers in firearms, ammunition, etc.

Kenney, James W., Treasurer Union Brewing Co., Roxbury (Boston), Mass.

Kenney, William F., Day Editor-in-Chief, The Globe, Boston, Mass.

Kent, Pierce, 356 East 57th Street, New York City; a Lieutenant in the 69th Regiment.

Kerr, Dr. James, 1711 H Street, N. W., Washington, D. C.

Kiernan, Rev. Owen, Rector Church of the Immaculate Conception, Fall River, Mass.

Kiley, Daniel F., Essex Street, Lawrence, Mass.; of Kiley Bros., dry-goods merchants.

Killoren, Hon. Andrew, Dover, N. H.; ex-State Senator.

Kilroy, Patrick, lawyer, 475 Main Street, Springfield, Mass.

Kilroy, Philip (M. D.), Glen-Rath; Visiting Physician Springfield Hospital, Springfield, Mass.

King, Thomas E., 104 Howard Street, Springfield, Mass.

Kinsela, John L., 509 Gorham Street, Lowell, Mass.

Kirby, John P., Chicopee, Mass.

Kirmes, Victor C., Melrose, Mass.

116 Kivel, Hon. John, Dover, N. H.

Lalor, John J., Mint Bureau, U. S. Treasury Department, Washington, D. C.; author of the well-known Cyclopædia of Political Science, Political Economy, and of the Political History of the United States.

Lamb, Matthew B., 516 Main Street, Worcester, Mass.

Lamson, Col. Daniel S., Weston, Mass.; Lieutenant-Colonel commanding 6th Regiment (Mass.), 1861; A. A. G., Norfolk, 1862; served on staff of General Hooker; is a member of the Society of Colonial Wars, Sons of the American Revolution, and Military Order of the Loyal Legion; one of his ancestors landed at Ipswich, Mass., in 1632 and received a grant of 350 acres, which still remains in the family; another ancestor, Samuel, of Reading, Mass., participated in King Philip’s War and had a son in the expedition of 1711. Another member of the family, Samuel, of Weston, commanded a company at Concord, Mass., April 19, 1775, and was Major and Colonel of the 3d Middlesex Regiment for many years, dying in 1795.

Lane, Rev. Florence A., Chicopee, Mass.

Lane, Thomas J., 120 Havre Street, East Boston, Mass.

Lannan, P. H., The Tribune Office, Salt Lake City, Utah.

Lappin, J. J., 7 Grant Street, Portland, Me.

Larkin, James E., 17 Linden Street, Everett, Mass.; was Lieutenant-Colonel of the 5th Regiment, New Hampshire Volunteers.

Larkin, Very Rev. Thomas J. (S. M.), President of All Hallows’s College, Salt Lake City, Utah.

Lawler, Thomas B., 39 May Street, Worcester, Mass.; with Ginn & Company, publishers, Tremont Place, Boston, Mass.; Librarian and Archivist of the society; member American Oriental Society and Archaeological Institute of America.

Lawless, Hon. Joseph T., Secretary of State, Richmond, Va.

Leahey, Dr. George A., Lowell, Mass.

Leahy, John P., lawyer, U. S. Trust Company Building, 30 Court Street. Boston, Mass.

Leary, Daniel E., lawyer, Court Square, Theatre Building, Springfield, Mass.

Leary, Denis F., 254 Central Street, Springfield, Mass.

Lee, Hugh J., on staff of The Times, Pawtucket, R. I.

Lee, Rev. Robert F., 156 Danforth Street, Portland, Me.

Lee, Thomas C., 277 Central Street, Lowell, Mass.

Lenihan, M. C., Marshalltown, Iowa.

Lennox, George W., manufacturer, Duncan Street, Haverhill, Mass.

Leonard, James F., clothier, Essex Street, Lawrence, Mass.; recently candidate for Mayor.

Leonard, Thomas F., musical director, Essex Street, Lawrence. Mass.

Linehan, Hon. John C., State Insurance Commissioner, Concord, N. H.; ex-Member of the Governor’s Council: Commander of Brown Post No. 31, 117 G. A. R., for three years; Commander of the G. A. R., Department of New Hampshire, two years; President of the N. H. Veteran Association, two years; Junior Vice Commander-in-Chief; member of Pension Committee of the National Encampment; Director of the Gettysburg Battlefield Association, ten years; recently a leading candidate at Buffalo, N. Y., for National Commander-in-Chief; President Board of Trustees of New Hampshire State Industrial School; recipient of an honorary degree from Dartmouth College. Colonel Linehan is an authority on the early history of the Irish in New England, and has written many articles on the subject. He is the Society’s Treasurer-General; resides in Penacook, N. H.

Linehan, James C., 18 Foster Street, Peabody, Mass.

Linehan, John J., Springfield, Mass.; a director in the Bay State Corset Company.

Linehan, Rev. Timothy P., Rector of St. Mary’s Roman Catholic Church, Biddeford, Me.; was for ten years Rector of the Cathedral, Portland, Me.

Linehan, Timothy P., Wolfe Tavern, Newburyport, Mass.

Littleton, Stephen F., 10 Riverside Street, Worcester, Mass.

Lovell, David B. (M. D.), 32 Pearl Street, Worcester, Mass.; member New England Opthalmological Society.

Lowery, Dr. James E., Sopris, Las Animas County, Colorado.

Lowery, William H., 86 Adams Street, Portland, Me.

Lyman, William, 51 East 122d Street, New York City.

Lynch, Charles E., 367 Main Street, Springfield, Mass.

Lynch, Cornelius J., 331 Pine Street, Bangor, Me.

Lynch, Dr. M. H., Chicopee Falls, Mass., City Physician.

Lynch, Gen. John J., 145 Spring Street, Portland, Me.

Lynch, John E., Principal Thomas Street School, Director Free Public Library, Worcester, Mass.

Lynch, Thomas J., Augusta, Me.; Treasurer Augusta Board of Trade.

Lynn, Hon. Wauhope, 32 Chambers Street, New York City; Justice of the First Judicial District.

Lyons, Dr. W. H. A., Portsmouth, N. H.

Lyons, Michael R., 243 Main Street, Fitchburg, Mass.

Lyons, Rev. John J., Manchester, N. H.

Macguire, Constantine J. (M. D.), 120 East 60th Street, New York City.

Magee, John A. (M. D.), 203 Haverhill Street, Lawrence, Mass.

Magenis, James P., Law Department of Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.; recently Deputy Collector of Internal Revenue, Boston, Mass.

Magner, Thomas, Superintendent Metropolitan Life Insurance Co., Rutland, Vt.

Magrane, P. B., dry-goods merchant, Lynn, Mass.

Maguire, John, Butte City, Montana.

Maguire, John E., of Thayer & Maguire, manufacturers, Haverhill, Mass.

118 Maher, Dr. Stephen J., 212 Orange Street, New Haven, Conn.

Maher, James J., Augusta, Me.

Mahoney, Daniel D., of D. D. Mahoney & Son, Essex Street, Lawrence, Mass.

Mahoney, James, University Club, 270 Beacon Street, Boston, Mass.

Mahoney, James V., Commissioner of the Commercial Association, Sioux City, Iowa.

Mahoney, John P. S., lawyer, Central Building, Lawrence, Mass.; recently President of the Common Council.

Mahoney, M. J., Hampshire and Bradford Streets, Lawrence, Mass.

Malloy, Gen. A. G., El Paso, Texas; a veteran of the Mexican and Civil Wars; during the latter conflict he was successively Major, Colonel, and Brigadier-General; has been Collector of the Port of Galveston.

Malone, John, Actors’ Society of America, 1432 Broadway, New York City.

Maloney, Dr. Thomas E., 278 Franklin Street, Fall River, Mass.

Mangan, John J. (M. D.), 55 North Common Street, Lynn, Mass.

Mannix, Cornelius A., 40 Sheridan Street, Portland, Me.

Marshall, Rev. George F., Rector of St. Paul’s Roman Catholic Church, Milford, N. H.

May, Henry A., 47 Florence Street, Roslindale, Mass.; a descendant through his mother, Roxana Butler, of Pelham, N. H., from James Butler, the planter of Lancaster, Mass. (1653), who came from Ireland, and was the largest landowner in what is now Worcester County. He owned land in Dunstable, Woburn, and Billerica, where he died in 1681. His son, Deacon John Butler, was the first child of Irish parentage born in Woburn, Mass., and John was the first settler of what is now Pelham, N. H., and lies buried there. A monument was erected to his memory on “Pelham Green,” in the center of the town of Pelham, in 1886, by his descendants, some 1200 being present at the dedication in June of that year. McAdoo, Hon. William, Assistant Secretary of the Navy (under Cleveland), Washington, D. C. McAleer, George, Treasurer, Bay State Savings Bank, Worcester, Mass.

McAlevy, John F., 26–50 North Main Street, Pawtucket, R. I.

McAloon, Vincent J., 213 Pleasant Street, Pawtucket, R. I.

McAuliffe, John F., with the Livermore & Knight Co., Westminster Street, Providence, R. I.

McCaffrey, Hugh, (life member), Fifth and Berks Streets, Philadelphia, Pa.

McCann, Daniel E., 37 Preble Street, Portland, Me.

McCarthy, Charles, Jr., Portland, Me.

McCarthy, Eugene T., lawyer, 343 Union Street, Lynn, Mass.

McCarthy, John T., 84 Lisbon Street, Lewiston, Me.

McCarthy, Joseph, Editorial Department Daily Globe, Boston, Mass.

McCarthy, Patrick J., Industrial Trust Building, Providence, R. I.

McCarthy, T. A. (D. D. S.), Main Street, Nashua, N. H.

119 McCaughey, Bernard, 93–105 North Main Street, Pawtucket, R. I.

McClallen, Edward C., Rutland, Vt.; of the fifth American generation.

McClure, Rev. Edward L., Rector St. Patrick’s Church, Brockton, Mass.

McCluskey, James J., 34 School Street, Boston, Mass.

McConnell, James E., lawyer, Fitchburg, Mass.; candidate for Lieutenant-Governor of Massachusetts, 1896.

McConway, William (life member), manufacturer, Pittsburg, Pa.

McCoy, Rev. John J., Permanent Rector of the Church of the Holy Name, Chicopee, Mass.

McCrystal, Capt. Edward T., 69th Regiment Infantry, N. G. N. Y., New York City.

McCullough, Edward (M. D.), 123 Union Street, Bangor, Me.

McCullough, John, 55 Maxfield Street, New Bedford, Mass.

McCusker, John F. (M. D.), 96 Broad Street, Providence, R. I.

McDermott, Rev. William A., Redwood, N. Y.; under the nom-de-plume “Walter Lecky” he has produced much literary work.

McDermott, Thomas J., Biddeford, Me.; proprietor of Biddeford Iron and Brass Works.

McDonald, Mitchell, Paymaster, U. S. N.; recently attached to the battleship Texas; address, care Navy Department, Washington, D. C.

McDonnell, Thomas F. I., 17 Custom House Street, Providence, R. I.

McDonough, Edward J. (M. D.), 333 Congress Street, Portland, Me.

McDonough, Rev. M. C., Rector of the Cathedral, Portland, Me.

McEleney, William, 45 Cedar Street, Portland, Me.

McElroy, Rev. Charles J., Rector St. Mary’s Roman Catholic Church, Derby, Conn.

McEvoy, John W., lawyer, 137 Central Street, Lowell, Mass.

McGauran, Michael S. (M. D.), Lawrence, Mass.

McGillicuddy, Hon. D. J., Lewiston, Me.; Mayor 1887–90.

McGinnis, Lieut.-Col. John R., Kennebec Arsenal, Augusta, Me.

McGinnis, Rev. John J., Sandford, Me.

McGlinchy, J. H., 128 Danforth Street, Portland, Me.

McGoey, J., 78 Worth Street, New York City.

McGovern, Joseph P., 193 Green Street, New York City.

McGowan, Joseph A., 263 Congress Street, Portland, Me.

McGowan, T. P., 418 Congress Street, Portland, Me.

McGrath, Rev. Christopher, 264 Washington Street. Somerville, Mass.; Rector St. Joseph’s Church.

McGuinness, Bernard, 32 Westminster Street, Providence, R. I.

McGuinness, Hon. Edwin D., Providence, R. I.; has served two terms as Mayor of Providence, and two as Secretary of State of Rhode Island.

McGuire, Edward J., lawyer, 56 Pine Street, New York City.

McGurk, Charles J., City Auditor, New Bedford, Mass.

McGurrin, Frank E., Salt Lake City, Utah.

McIntyre, John F., lawyer, 220 Broadway, New York City.

120 McKechnie, William G., lawyer, 366 Walnut Street, Springfield, Mass.

McKellegett, George F., 27 Tremont Row, Boston, Mass.

McKeon, Francis P., Millbury Street School, Worcester, Mass.

McLaughlin, Edward A., lawyer, 16 Pemberton Square, Boston, Mass.; was for several years clerk of the Massachusetts House of Representatives.

McLaughlin, Henry V. (M. D.), 29 Kent Street, Brookline, Mass.

McLaughlin, James M., 56 Bowdoin Street, Dorchester, Mass.; Supervisor of Music in Boston Public Schools; author of The Educational Music System.

McLaughlin, Thomas, Hallowell, Me.

McLaughlin, William H., 24 C Street, Knightville, Portland, Me.

McLaughlin, William I., State Mutual Building, Worcester, Mass.; a member of the State Legislature.

McMahon, James H., 17 Main Street, Fitchburg, Mass.

McMahon, Rev. John W. (D. D.), Rector St. Mary’s Church, Charlestown (Boston), Mass.

McManus, Col. John, 145–147 Westminster Street, Providence, R. I.; served on the staff of Governor Davis of Rhode Island.

McManus, Gen. Thomas, 333 Main Street, Hartford, Conn.; City Recorder.

McManus, Michael, of McManus & Co., clothiers, 670 Washington Street, Boston, Mass.

McManus, Rev. Michael T., Rector St. Patrick’s Church, Lawrence, Mass.

McNamee, John H. H., 51 Frost Street, North Cambridge, Mass.

McNeely, Richard, 309 East 42d Street, New York City.

McNeirny, Michael J., Gloucester, Mass.

McNulty, Rev. John J., 92 West 6th Street, South Boston, Mass.

McQuade, E. A., 75–77 Market Street, Lowell, Mass.

McQuaid, Rev. William P., Rector St. James’s Church, Harrison Avenue, Boston, Mass.

McQueeney, Henry J., of the Post-Office staff, Lawrence, Mass.

McSweeney Edward F., Assistant U. S. Commissioner of Immigration, Ellis Island, N. Y.

McSweeny, Rev. Edward, Rector St. John’s Roman Catholic Church, Bangor, Me.

McVey, Edward D., 519 Westford Street, Lowell, Mass.

McVicar, P. A., Auburndale, Mass.

McWilliams, Daniel A., 16 Hamilton Street, New Haven, Conn.

Mahoney, Michael P., 63 East Street, Providence, R. I.

Manning, Timothy T., Springfield, Mass.

Meany, Thomas J., New Bedford, Mass.

Mehegan, Daniel J. (M. D.), 31 Broadway, Taunton, Mass.

Melden, P. M., Rutland, Vt.

Mellen, Hon. W. M. E., ex-Mayor, Chicopee, Mass.

Middleton, Very Rev. Thomas C. (D. D., O. S. A.), Villanova College, Villanova, Pa.

121 Miskella, James, 10 Chase Street, Lowell, Mass.

Molloy, Hugh J., State Normal School, Lowell, Mass.

Moloney, T. W., of Butler & Moloney, counsellors-at-law, Mead Building, Rutland, Vt.

Mooney, J. G., 154 Exchange Street, Bangor, Me.

Mooney, John A., 353 West 27th Street, New York City.

Moore, Dr. James A., 223 Grand Avenue, New Haven, Conn.

Moore, O’Brien (life member), recently of the Washington (D. C.) bureau of the St. Louis Republic; publisher of the Daily Gazette, Charleston, W. Va.

Moran, Col. James, Providence, R. I., commanding the 2d Regiment, R. I. M.

Moran, Thomas, Jr., Biddeford, Me.

Moran, William, Biddeford, Me.

Morrissey, William T., Portsmouth, N. H.

Morrissey, Very Rev. Andrew (C. S. C.), president of the University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Ind.

Morrison, Francis M., 492 Main Street, Worcester, Mass.

Moseley, Edward A. (President-General of the Society), Secretary of the Interstate Commerce Commission, Washington, D. C.; born in 1846, at Newburyport, Mass. He is a member of the Society of Colonial Wars, a member of the Society of the Sons of the American Revolution, a member of the Society of the Sons of the Revolution, a member of the Bunker Hill Monument Society, where his great-grandfather fought as captain in General Putnam’s Brigade from Connecticut; has received the thanks of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts “for distinguished services in the cause of humanity”; is the great-great-grandson of Col. Jonathan Buck; great-grandson of Col. Ebenezer Buck; also claims descent from Col. William Gilmore, of New Hampshire, formerly of Coleraine, Ireland—all Revolutionary heroes. His father, Edward S. Moseley, of Newburyport, Mass., is a member of the executive committee of the Massachusetts Society of the Cincinnati.

Moses, George H., editor The Monitor, Concord, N. H. (U. S. Senator Chandler’s paper).

Moynihan, Michael A., Portsmouth, N. H.; U. S. Internal Revenue Office.

Mulholland, Gen. St. Clair A., U. S. Pension Agent, Philadelphia, Pa.; Major, Lieutenant-Colonel, and Colonel, 116th Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers; Brevet Brigadier-General for gallant conduct in Wilderness campaign; Brevet Major-General for capturing a fort in front of Petersburg, Va.; Congress medal of honor for services at battle of Chancellorsville; wounded at Fredericksburg, at the Wilderness, at Po River, and near Cold Harbor; served two years in Meagher’s Irish Brigade, and in the last year of the war commanded the Fourth Brigade, First Division, Second Corps (Hancock’s).

122 Mullaney, Rev. John F., Rector Church of St. John the Baptist, Syracuse, N. Y.

Mullen, Hugh, of Brown, Durrell & Co., Boston, Mass.

Mulligan, B. J., 37 Warren Street, Salem, Mass.

Mundy, Rev. John F., 55 Norfolk Street, Cambridgeport, Mass.

Murphy, Chas. B., Augusta, Me.

Murphy, D. P., Jr., 31 Barclay Street, New York City.

Murphy, Daniel D. (M. D.), Amesbury, Mass.

Murphy, David E., 8 Perley Street, Concord, N. H.

Murphy, Edward J., 327 Main Street, Springfield, Mass.

Murphy, Frank J., lock box 161, Olean, N. Y.

Murphy, Hon. John R., water commissioner, Boston, Mass.; ex-Senator of Massachusetts.

Murphy, James, real estate and insurance, Essex Street, Lawrence, Mass.

Murphy, James, 42 Westminster Street, Providence, R. I.

Murphy, James R., lawyer, 27 School Street, Boston, Mass.

Murphy, John A., 276 Union Street, Springfield, Mass.; Taylor, Nichols Company.

Murphy, Thomas, 144 Elm Street, Biddeford, Me.

Murray, Capt. John F., police department, Cambridge, Mass.; residence, 9 Avon Street.

Murray, Frank E., 47 Park Street, Worcester, Mass.

Murray, Joseph T., 131 Pearl Street, Manchester, N. H.

Murray, Michael J., attorney-at-law, 27 School Street, Boston, Mass.

Murray, Thomas Hamilton, Secretary-General of the Society, 1 Beechwood Avenue, Pawtucket, R. I.; an editor of many years’ experience on leading daily papers; is the author of numerous articles relating to early Irish settlers in this country.

Naphen, Hon. Henry F., lawyer, 42 Court Street, Boston, Mass.; has served as a member of the Boston School Board and as bail commissioner; was a member of the State Senate 1885–87.

Neagle, Rev. Richard, Malden, Mass.

Neagle, Thomas J., 66 Franklin Street, Haverhill, Mass.

Neilon, John F., Saco, Me.

Nelligan, Rev. John P., Hallowell, Me.

Nicholson, George, 40 Oak Street, Lynn, Mass.

Nolan, Frank F., 224 Thames Street, Newport, R. I.

O’Beirne, Gen. James R., 357 West 117th Street, New York City; in military life has held every commissioned rank up to Brevet Brigadier-General of Volunteers; has also been Provost Marshal, D. C.; Deputy U. S. Marshal, D. C.; Register of Wills, D. C.; editor Sunday Gazette, Washington, D. C.; Special Agent U. S. Indian affairs; Special Agent U. S. Treasury Department; Assistant U. S. Commissioner of Immigration at New York City; is now Commissioner of Charities, New York City; Past Commander U. S. Medal of Honor Legion.

123 O’Brien, Capt. Lawrence, New Haven, Conn.

O’Brien, Charles J., 670 Washington Street, Boston, Mass.

O’Brien, Frank J., of Donigan & O’Brien, clothiers, 322 Essex Street, Lawrence, Mass.; late a member of the City Council.

O’Brien, Hon. C. D., of the law firm C. D. & Thomas D. O’Brien, 212 Globe Building, St Paul, Minn.; ex-Mayor of St. Paul.

O’Brien, Hon. Morgan J., 42 West 44th Street, New York City; a Justice of the Supreme Court.

O’Brien, James W., lawyer, 23 Court Street Boston, Mass.

O’Brien, John Boyle, 1 Beacon Street Boston, Mass.

O’Brien, John D., Bank of Minnesota Building, St. Paul, Minn.; of the law firm Stevens, O’Brien, Cole & Albrecht.

O’Brien, Patrick, 399 South Broadway, Lawrence, Mass.; a member of the Board of Aldermen.

O’Brien, Rev. James J., Somerville, Mass.; a son of the late Hon. Hugh O’Brien, Mayor of Boston.

O’Brien, Rev. Michael (life member), Rector St. Patrick’s Church, Lowell, Mass.

O’Brien, T. Carl, Chamber of Commerce Building, Boston, Mass.

O’Brien, Thomas, Pawtucket R. I.; a member of the Board of Aldermen.

O’Brien, Very Rev. Michael C., 30 Cedar Street Bangor, Me.; Vicar-General of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Portland.

O’Byrne, M. A., 370 West 118th Street New York City.

O’Callaghan, John, editorial department Daily Globe, Boston, Mass.

O’Callaghan, P. J., Lawrence, Mass.

O’Callaghan, Rev. Denis, Rector St. Augustine’s Roman Catholic Church, South Boston, Mass.

O’Connell, Dr. J. C., U. S. Pension Office, Washington, D. C.

O’Connell, J. D., Bureau of Statistics, U. S. Treasury Department, Washington, D. C.

O’Connell, Timothy, 140 State Street Newburyport, Mass.

O’Connor, Charles A., 135 Lawrence Street, Manchester, N. H.; Member State Constitutional Convention; two terms State Legislature; ex-Consul to Yarmouth, N. S.

O’Connor, Charles J., 4 Weybosset Street, Providence, R. I.

O’Connor, D. F., lawyer, 341 Central Street Manchester, N. H.

O’Connor, Dr. Joseph M., 204 Main Street, Biddeford, Me.

O’Connor, Edward DeV., 4 Weybosset Street, Providence, R. I.

O’Connor, Francis, Principal of Commercial College, Kansas City, Kan.

O’Connor, Francis, 531 Washington Street, Boston, Mass.

O’Connor, James, 37 Prospect Street Biddeford, Me.

O’Connor, John D., The Washington Press, 18 Essex Street, Boston, Mass.

O’Connor, Patrick, 99 Mill Street New Haven, Conn.

O’Conor, P. H., Washington Street, Peabody, Mass.

O’Day, Daniel, 128 West 72d Street, New York City.

124 O’Doherty, Hon. Matthew, Louisville, Ky.

O’Doherty, John D. (M. D.), 11 Bennett Street, Brighton (Boston), Mass.

O’Doherty, Rev. James, Rector St James’s Roman Catholic Church, Haverhill, Mass.

O’Donnell, Rev. Philip J., 887 Shawmut Avenue, Boston, Mass.

O’Donoghue, Col. D. O’C., 75 Emery Street Portland, Me.

O’Dowd, Michael, 922 Elm Street, Manchester, N. H.

O’Driscoll, Daniel M., Western Union Telegraph Co., Charleston, S. C.

O’Dwyer, Hon. E. F., 37 West 76th Street, New York City.

O’Farrell, Charles, Province Court, Boston, Mass.

O’Farrell, Col. P. A., Spokane, Wash.

O’Farrell, Patrick, of O’Farrell & Son, lawyers, Solicitors of American and Foreign Patents, 1425 New York Avenue, Washington, D. C.

O’Farrell, Rev. Denis J., 7 North Square, Boston, Mass.; Rector St. Stephen’s Church.

O’Flaherty, John (M. D.), Hartford, Conn.; served during the Civil War in Corcoran’s Legion as a member of the 170th Regiment, N. Y. Volunteers.

O’Flynn, Thomas F., 25 Grosvenor Street, Worcester, Mass.

O’Hart, John, 1 Woodside, Vernon Avenue, Clontarf, Ireland; author of O’Hart’s Irish Pedigrees, The Last Princes of Tara, etc.

O’Hearn, William H. (M. D.), 283 Essex Street, Lawrence, Mass.

O’Keefe, Daniel T. (M. D.), 183 Green Street, Jamaica Plain (Boston), Mass.

O’Keefe, Edmund, Inspector Buildings, New Bedford, Mass.

O’Keefe, John A., lawyer, 25 Exchange Street, Lynn, Mass.; formerly Principal of the High School, that city; recently candidate for Attorney-General of Massachusetts.

O’Kennedy, J. J. Karbry (LL.D.), 111 Broadway, New York City.

O’Loughlin, Patrick, lawyer, 23 Court Street, Boston, Mass.

O’Mahoney, Daniel J., Essex Street, Lawrence, Mass.; ex-Superintendent of Streets.

O’Mahoney, Michael, of Moulton & O’Mahoney, contractors, Lawrence, Mass.

O’Malley, Rev. John, Chicopee Falls, Mass.

O’Neal, Hon. Emmet, U. S. District Attorney, Florence, Ala.

O’Neil, Hon. Joseph H., Sub-Treasurer of the United States, Boston, Mass.

O’Neil, James, 521 7th Street, N. W., Washington, D. C.

O’Neil, James, Hampshire and Common Streets, Lawrence, Mass.

O’Neil, Rev. J. L. (O. P.), 871 Lexington Avenue, New York City. This is a life membership standing to the credit of “The Editor of The Rosary Magazine.” It is so arranged in order that successive editors of the publication may enjoy the rights and privileges of the society. Father O’Neil was the first to represent the magazine in the organization.

125 O’Neill, Eugene C., 51 Lee Avenue, Newport, R. I.

O’Neill, James L., Franklin Street, Elizabeth, N. J.

O’Neill, John E., 53 Lee Avenue, Newport, R. I.; member of the Board of Aldermen; cashier New York and Boston Despatch Express Company.

O’Neill, William F., Chicopee Falls, Mass.

O’Reilly, Luke F., 825 7th Street, N. W., Washington, D. C.

O’Reilly, Rev. James T. (O. S. A.), Rector St. Mary’s Church, Lawrence, Mass.

O’Reilly, Thomas B., Salt Lake City, Utah.

O’Shea, Dennis, of O’Shea Bros., Laconia, N. H.; Proprietors Laconia Knitting Company.

O’Shea, J. F. (M. D), 116 Union Street, Lynn, Mass.

O’Sullivan, Hon. Edward F., City Engineer’s Office, Lawrence, Mass.; an ex-Senator.

O’Sullivan, Humphrey, 105 Butterfield Street, Lowell, Mass.

O’Sullivan, James, of O’Sullivan Bros., Merrimack Street, Lowell, Mass.

O’Sullivan, James T., real estate and insurance, Lawrence, Mass.; ex-City Marshal.

Palmer, Rev. Edmund B., 4 Peter Parley Street, Jamaica Plain (Boston), Mass.; great-grandson of Barnabas Palmer, of Rochester, N. H., who was born in Cork or Limerick, 1725, and who emigrated from there with two brothers, and enlisted under Sir William Pepperill. Barnabas sailed from Portsmouth, N. H., one of the force of 3000 men, 1745; and on the Isle of Cape Breton, under Fort Louisburg, left his right arm. Subsequently he settled in Rochester, N. H., married, had fourteen children, and was a member of the General Court of New Hampshire that ratified the Constitution of the United States.

Patterson, Rev. Geo. J., Rector St Vincent’s Church, South Boston, Mass.

Penney, William M., 34 West 26th Street, New York City.

Pepper, Rev. George W. (Methodist), 1021 East Madison Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio; ex-U. S. Consul to Milan.

Perry, Dr. Charles, P. O. Box 2977, New York City.

Phalen, Rev. Frank L., pastor Unitarian Church, Concord, N. H.; chaplain of the First N. H. Regiment, U. S. Volunteers (war with Spain).

Phelan, Edmund, 32 Adams Street, Roxbury (Boston), Mass.

Phelan, Hon. John J., recently Connecticut’s Secretary of State, Bridgeport, Conn.

Phelan, Rev. J., Rector St. Mary’s Roman Catholic Church, Rock Valley, Iowa; recently editor of the Northwestern Catholic.

Philpott, Anthony J., editorial department of the Daily Globe, Boston, Mass.

Piggott, Michael, lawyer, 1634 Vermont Street, Quincy, Ill.

Pigott, Hon. James P., 179 Church Street, New Haven, Conn.; ex-Member of Congress.

126 Plunkett, Thomas, 257 6th Street, East Liverpool, Ohio.

Power, James D., 2007 G Street, N. W., Washington, D. C.

Pulleyn, John J., Treasurer Catholic Club, 171 West 94th Street, New York City.

Quinlan, Prof. Francis J. (M. D., LL.D.), 33 West 38th Street, New York City; President New York Celtic Medical Society; late surgeon in the U. S. Indian service.

Quinn, Hon. John, 66 Broadway, New York City.

Quinn, William H., Hallowell, Me.

Quinton, Capt. William, 7th U. S. Infantry, 35 Kneeland Street, Boston, Mass.

Radikin, Edward F., of Radikin, Cooney & McNulty, dry-goods merchants, Pawtucket, R. I.

Rafferty, Dr. James J., Worcester, Mass.

Ratigan, John B., lawyer, Walker Building, Worcester, Mass.

Reardon, Edmund, 24 Commerce Street, Boston, Mass.

Reardon, J. P. (D. D. S.), Central Building, Lawrence, Mass.

Reddy, Hon. W. F., 23 Schafer Building, Richmond, Va.; a member of the State Legislature.

Reed, Henry E., 162 2d Street, Portland, Ore.; manager Catholic Sentinel.

Regan, W. P., architect, Lawrence, Mass.

Reilly, James C., Clement Building, Rutland, Vt.

Reilly, John M., Box 122, Columbus, Ind.

Reilly, W. F. B. (D. D. S.), 72 Merrimack Street, Haverhill, Mass.

Rice, James D., 39 Hammond Street, Bangor, Me.

Rice, John H., Eastern Trust and Banking Co., Bangor, Me.

Riordan, John H., 136 Fort Hill Avenue, Lowell, Mass.

Robinson, Thomas W., Main Street, Pawtucket, R. I.

Roche, James Jeffrey (LL.D.), editor of The Pilot, 630 Washington Street, Boston, Mass.; author of a Story of the Filibusters, Life of John Boyle O’Reilly, Songs and Satires, Ballads of Blue Water, and other works.

Rock, Thomas H., Main Street, Pawtucket, R. I.

Rodwaye, Alfred J., 44 Kingston Street, Boston, Mass.; a member of the Jacobite Order of the White Rose; Fellow of the Royal Historical Society, England; Fellow of the Royal Society of Northern Antiquarians, Denmark; member of the Royal Italian Heraldic Academy.

Ronayne, Thomas H., lawyer, 5 Beekman Street, New York City.

Rooney, John J., of Rooney & Spence, customs brokers, 66, 68, and 70 Beaver Street, New York City.

Roosevelt, Hon. Theodore, recently Assistant Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C.

Ruggles, Henry Stoddard (ninth American generation), Wakefield, Mass.; a member of the Sons of the Revolution and of the Sons of the American Revolution.

127 Rush, John, 16th and Farnham Streets, Omaha, Neb.

Ryan, Felix L., 47 Main Street, Bangor, Me.

Ryan, John, 789 Westfield Street, Lowell, Mass.

Ryan, John J., lawyer, 204 Merrimack Street, Haverhill, Mass.

Ryan, John J., 59 South Broadway, Lawrence, Mass.

Ryan, Patrick H., 789 Westfield Street, Lowell, Mass.

Ryan, Philip, 79 Portland Street, Worcester, Mass.

Ryan, Richard, Rutland Vt.

Ryan, Sylvester A., 565 Chestnut Street, Springfield, Mass.

Sanders, Col. C. C., Gainesville, Ga.; President of the State Banking Co.; commanded the 24th Georgia Regiment in the Civil War; grandson of an Irishman; his regiment received the famous charges of Meagher’s Irish Brigade at Fredericksburg.

Scanlan, John F., 4333 Indiana Avenue, Chicago, Ill.

Sexton, Sergt. Patrick G., Augusta, Me.

Shahan, Rev. Thomas H., Malden, Mass.

Shahan, Rev. Thomas J. (D. D.), Catholic University, Washington, D. C.

Shanahan, Rev. Edmund T. (Ph.D., D. D.), Catholic University, Washington, D. C.

Shea, C. J., of Shea & Donnelly, Lynn, Mass.

Shea, John T., 119 3d Street, East Cambridge, Mass.; member of the Board of Aldermen.

Shea, M. J., Piedmont Street, Canton, Ohio.

Shea, Richard J., City Hall, Lawrence, Mass.; clerk of the Council; City Auditor.

Sheahan, Dennis H., lawyer, Providence, R. I.; ex-clerk of the Rhode Island House of Representatives.

Sheehan, John A., Pickering Building, Manchester, N. H.

Sheran, Hugh F., 46 Charter Street, Boston, Mass.; formerly of the City Assessors’ Department.

Sheridan, Bernard H., principal of the Oliver School, Lawrence, Mass.

Shortell, Joseph P., 28 Cabot Street, Salem, Mass.

Slattery, James A., Pawtucket, R. I.; member of the School Committee.

Slattery, William, Holyoke, Mass.

Sloane, Prof. William M., Columbia College, New York City; author of Life of Napoleon.

Smith, Dr. Thomas B., Wyman’s Exchange, Lowell, Mass.

Smith, Joseph, Secretary of the Police Commission, Lowell, Mass.; a clear, vigorous writer and author of many articles of an ethnological and historical nature.

Smith, Rev. Thomas M., East Liverpool, Ohio.

Smith, William H., 18 Oak Street, Hartford, Conn.

Smyth, Eneas, Brookline, Mass.

Smyth, Rev. Hugh J., New Bedford, Mass.

Smyth, Rev. Hugh P., Rector St. Joseph’s Church, Roxbury (Boston), Mass.

128 Somers, James F., 83 West 132d Street, New York City.

Somers, P. E., manufacturer, 17 Hermon Street, Worcester, Mass.

Somers, Philip M., 349 Broadway, New York City.

Somers, Thomas F., 349 Broadway, New York City.

Spillane, Jere B., associate editor The Music Trade Review; editor The Keynote; 3 East 14th Street, New York City.

St. Clair, Sam C., civil engineer, 519 Court Street, Reading, Pa.

St. Gaudens, Augustus, sculptor, New York City.

Steele, N. C. (M. D.), Chattanooga, Tenn.; four generations removed from Ireland.

Stevens, Walter F., druggist, 176 Winter Street, Haverhill, Mass.

Sullivan, Eugene M., Chicopee, Mass.

Sullivan, Hon. John H., President of the Columbian Trust Company, 20 Meridian Street, East Boston, Mass.; a Massachusetts Senator, 1888; a member of the Governor’s Council, 1895, 1896, 1898.

Sullivan, Hon. M. B., Dover, N. H., ex-State Senator.

Sullivan, James O., 245 Main Street, Biddeford, Me.

Sullivan, Jeremiah O., 431 Purchase Street, New Bedford, Mass.

Sullivan, John D., 113 Palm Street, Nashua, N. H.

Sullivan, John J., 140 Chestnut Street, Nashua, N. H.

Sullivan, H. F. (M. D.), Oak Street, Lawrence, Mass.

Sullivan, M. J., of Buckley, McCormack & Sullivan, furniture salesrooms, Lawrence, Mass.

Sullivan, Patrick F., of Sullivan Bros., 9 School Street, Boston, Mass.

Sullivan, Patrick H., Opera Block, Manchester, N. H.

Sullivan, Roger G., 803 Elm Street, Manchester, N. H.

Sullivan, T. Russell, 10 Charles Street, Boston, Mass.; a descendant of Gov. James Sullivan of Massachusetts.

Sullivan, Timothy P., Concord, N. H.; furnished granite from his New Hampshire quarries for the new National Library Building, Washington, D. C.

Sullivan, William J. (M. D.), Lawrence, Mass.

Supple, Rev. James N., Rector St Francis de Sales’s Church, Charlestown (Boston), Mass.

Swords, Col. Henry Leonard, The Florence, 4th Avenue and 18th Street, New York City.

Swords, Joseph Forsyth, 250 Main Street, Hartford, Conn.; a descendant of Cornet George Swords, one of the A. D. 1649 officers in the service of Kings Charles I and Charles II in Ireland. Joseph F. Swords is a member of the Sons of the American Revolution and a life member of the Connecticut Historical Society. He is of the fourth American generation from Francis Dawson Swords, graduate of Trinity College, Dublin, 1750, who was exiled from Ireland, 1760, and who served in the Patriot Army throughout the war of the Revolution.

Tally, Philip, 353 Westminster Street, Providence, R. I.

129 Teeling, Rev. Arthur J., Permanent Rector St. Mary’s Roman Catholic Church, Lynn, Mass.

Tennian, Rev. John C., Rector Church of the Assumption, Potter’s Avenue, Providence, R. I.

Thomas, Robert J., Water Department, Lowell, Mass.

Thompson, Robert Ellis (Ph.D., S. T. D.), President Central High School, Philadelphia, Pa.; recently a professor in the University of Pennsylvania.

Tigh, Frederick (M. D.), 132 High Street, Newburyport, Mass.

Timmins, Patrick J. (M. D.), 487 Broadway, South Boston, Mass.

Tobin, Capt. John M., Box 524, Washington, D. C.; a commissioned officer during the war in the Ninth Massachusetts Regiment (The “Irish Ninth.”)

Toland, M. A., The Pilot Office, 630 Washington Street, Boston, Mass.

Toomey, Daniel J., manager Donahoe’s Magazine, Washington Street, Boston, Mass.

Toomey, R. A., with Forbes & Wallace, Springfield, Mass.

Travers, Frank C., President of Travers Brothers Co., 107 Duane Street, New York City, cordage manufacturers.

Treanor, J. 0., 211 Union Street, Nashville, Tenn.

Tuckey, James F., 26 Grove Street, New Haven, Conn.

Vail, Roger, associate editor of The Irish Standard, Minneapolis, Minn.

Vance, Thomas F., Main Street, Pawtucket, R. I.; attorney-at-law.

Waldron, Thomas F., 74 Washington Street, Haverhill, Mass.

Wallace, Rev. T. H., Lewiston, Me.

Waller, Hon. Thomas M., ex-Governor of Connecticut; member of the law firm of Waller & Wagner, 15 Wall Street, New York City.

Walsh, Hon. Patrick, publisher of The Chronicle, Augusta, Ga.; Mayor of Augusta; recently United States Senator.

Walsh, James A., Lewiston, Me.; agent Lewiston Bleachery.

Walsh, Michael (LL.D., Ph.D.), editor of The Sunday Democrat, 32 Park Row, New York City.

Walsh, William P., 247 Water Street, Augusta, Me.

Ward, Edward, Kennebunk, Me.

Ward, John, Kennebunk, Me.

Ward, Michael J., Hotel Ilkley, Huntington Avenue, Boston, Mass.

Ward, Patrick, 13 Casco Street, Portland, Me.

Weadock, Hon. Thomas A. E., lawyer, Detroit, Mich.; member of the 52d and of the 53d Congress.

Welsh, John P., Congress Square Hotel, Portland, Me.

Whalen, Maurice H., 8 Vetronile Street, Biddeford, Me.

Whalen, Nicholas J., 97 Merrimack Street, Manchester, N. H.

Willis, John R., 1164 Elm Street, Manchester, N. H.

Wilson, William Power, lawyer, Exchange Building, 53 State Street, Boston, Mass.

Winters, Lawrence, 350 West 120th Street, New York City.

130 Woods, John J., 54 Federal Street, Newburyport, Mass.

Woods, Robert J., treasurer University Settlement, 6 Rollins Street, Boston, Mass.

Woods, William S., City Solicitor, Taunton, Mass.

Wright, John B., editor of The Gazette, Haverhill, Mass.

Wynne, Peter, 301 East 105th Street, New York City.

## NECROLOGY.

### Jeremiah W. Coveney.

Born in Cambridge, Mass., 1840; during Civil War enlisted in 28th Massachusetts Regiment; was successively commissioned Lieutenant, Captain, Major, and Lieutenant-Colonel; seriously wounded in 1864, while Brigade Inspector of the Second Brigade, First Division, Second Corps; member of the Massachusetts Legislature; surveyor of the port of Boston; private secretary to Governor Russell; postmaster of Boston; admitted to the society March 29, 1897; died in Cambridge, Mass., April 29, 1897.

### Richard Worsam Meade, 3d.

Born in New York City, 1837; appointed Midshipman Oct 2, 1850; first sea service in sloop-of-war Preble, 1851; warrant as Master and commission as Lieutenant, 1858; Lieutenant-Commander, 1862; was a Commander in 1870; commissioned Captain in 1880; became a Commodore in 1892, and Rear-Admiral in 1894; admitted to the society at its organization, Jan. 20, 1897, and chosen President-General of the same, being the first to hold the office; died in Washington, D. C., May 4, 1897.

### Laurence J. Smith.

Born in County Meath, Ireland, 1850; member of City Council, Lowell, Mass., 1881–86; member Lowell Public Library Board; was made a License Commissioner of Lowell, 1894; Police Commissioner, 1895; attained the highest rank in the Foresters of America, having been Supreme Chief Ranger of the United States; admitted to the society Feb. 27, 1897; died in Lowell, Mass., Oct. 23, 1897.

131

### Owen A. Galvin.

Born in Boston, Mass., 1852; admitted to the bar, 1876; elected to the Massachusetts House of Representatives, 1881; a State Senator from Boston during 1882, 1883, and 1884; candidate for President of the Senate, 1884; candidate for Mayor of Boston, 1889; was U. S. District Attorney, 1887–89; admitted to the society July 15, 1897; died in Boston, Mass., Dec. 18, 1897.

### Charles B. Gafney.

Born in Ossipee, N. H., Sept. 17, 1843; enlisted Sept 27, 1862, as Second Lieutenant of Co. B, 13th New Hampshire Volunteers; promoted to the rank of First Lieutenant June 1, 1863, and to that of Captain, May 30, 1865; severely wounded in the thigh at Petersburg, June 13, 1864; served as aid to General Ripley, General McCullom, and General Roulston; was graduated from the law school at Columbia University, Washington, D. C., in 1868; was Clerk to the National Senate Committee on Naval Affairs for eight years; went to Rochester, N. H., in 1871 and formed a law partnership with Joseph H. Worcester, which firm became Worcester, Gafney & Snow. Mr. Gafney was private secretary to Hon. Frank Jones during the latter’s presidency of the Boston & Maine Railroad; in April, 1896, Mr. Gafney was appointed Judge of Probate for Strafford County by Governor Busiel, to succeed Judge Young; admitted to the society Feb. 9, 1897; died in Rochester, N. H., Jan. 25, 1898.

### Hon. John Cochrane.

Descendant of an officer who served under Washington; President of the N. Y. Society of the Cincinnati, 7 East 62d Street, New York City; from 1857 to 1861 was a Congressman from New York City; was commissioned Colonel of the First U. S. Chasseurs, June 11, 1861; Brigadier-General of Volunteers, July 17, 1862; in 1864 was nominated at Cleveland, O., for Vice-President of the United States; had previously been Attorney-General of New York State; admitted to the society on its organization, Jan. 20, 1897; died in New York City, Oct. 7, 1897.

### Andrew Athy.

Born Jan. 1, 1832, in County Galway, Ireland, and came to this country at the age of sixteen years; located in Worcester, Mass., about 1850; filled public offices of trust and responsibility in Worcester almost continuously during more than thirty years. He was first elected to the Common Council in 1865, and served thirteen years. He represented his city in 132the Legislature of 1874 and 1875. He was a member of the Board of Aldermen from 1881 to 1886, and was a member of the commission to build the new City Hall, having been elected by the City Council. He ran for mayor in 1886 as a Democratic candidate, and polled a surprisingly large vote, and in 1891, 1892, and 1893 he was chairman of the Democratic City Committee. He was a member of the old Jackson Guards at the time of disbandment, during the Know-Nothing administration of Governor Gardner; admitted to the society as a life member, March 5, 1898; died in Worcester, Mass., May 15, 1898.

### Capt. John Drum,

the hero of Santiago, was born in Ireland, May 1, 1840. Coming to this country at an early age, he went to California, and at the outbreak of the Civil War entered the armies of the Union. At the close of hostilities he obtained a commission as Lieutenant in the regular army. He did gallant service in the various Indian wars, especially in the southwest. In 1894 he was appointed Military Instructor in St. Francis Xavier’s College, New York City. At the close of the detail he seriously considered the advisability of retiring from the service, but the destruction of the battleship Maine put an end to the idea. He immediately joined his regiment at Fort Sill and subsequently landed on Cuban soil, where he fell in the gallant charge at Santiago. Captain Drum has been a member of this society since its inauguration and took a deep interest in Irish historical matters. He was buried with military honors in Boston, Sept 3, 1898.

133

## PAPERS READ BEFORE THE SOCIETY.

Since its organization the society has been favored with the following original papers:—

Thomas Hamilton Murray, editor Daily Sun, Lawrence, Mass.:—“The Irish Bacons who Settled at Dedham, Mass., in 1640,” one of whose descendants, John Bacon, was killed April 19, 1775, in the fight at West Cambridge (battle of Lexington).

Hon. John C. Linehan, State Insurance Commissioner, Concord, N. H., on “The Seizure of the Powder at Fort William and Mary,” by Maj. John Sullivan and his associates, some of which powder was later dealt out to the patriots at Bunker Hill.

Edward J. Brandon, City Clerk, Cambridge, Mass., a paper on the “Battle of Lexington, Concord, and Cambridge,” during which he read a list of Irish names borne by Minute-Men or militia in the battle of the nineteenth of April, 1775.

Joseph Smith, Secretary of the Police Commission, Lowell, Mass., on “The Irishman, Ethnologically Considered.”

Dennis Harvey Sheahan, Providence, R. I., ex-Clerk of the Rhode Island House of Representatives:—“The Need of an Organization such as the A. I. H. S., and its Scope.”

Thomas Hamilton Murray:—“Matthew Watson, an Irish Settler of Barrington, R. I., 1722.”

## ADDRESSES DELIVERED.

Addresses have been delivered before the society, or at meetings held under its auspices, by the following:—

Hon. Thomas J. Gargan, Boston, Mass.
Hon. Hugh J. Carroll, Pawtucket, R. I.
Hon. John C. Linehan, Concord, N. H.
Charles A. De Courcey, Lawrence, Mass.
Paul B. Du Chaillu, the traveler and author.
Osborne Howes, Boston, Mass.
James Cunningham, Portland, Me.
Robert A. Woods, Boston, Mass.
Gen. James R. O’Beirne, New York City.
134John Mackinnon Robertson, London, England.
P. J. Flatley, Boston, Mass.
Rev. John J. McCoy, Chicopee, Mass.
Rev. Edward McSweeney, Bangor, Me.
Rev. P. Farrelly, Central Falls, R. I.
James Jeffrey Roche, Boston, Mass.
Thomas B. Lawler, Worcester, Mass.
M. J. Harson, Providence, R. I.
Joseph Smith, Lowell, Mass.
Dennis H. Sheahan, Providence, R. I.
Rear-Admiral Belknap, U. S. N. (retired), Boston, Mass.
Hon. Patrick A. Collins, ex-U. S. Consul-General to London.
Judge Wauhope Lynn, New York City.
Capt. Edward O’Meagher Condon, Washington, D. C.
Hon. Thomas Dunn English, Newark, N. J.
Dr. Thomas Addis Emmet, New York City.
E. Benj. Andrews, president of Brown University.
Prof. Alonzo Williams, Brown University, Providence, R. I.
Rev. Arthur J. Teeling, Lynn, Mass.
Rev. T. P. Linehan, Biddeford, Me.
Mayor Tilton, Portsmouth, N. H.
C. H. Clary, Hallowell, Me.
John Griffin, Portsmouth, N. H.
James F. Brennan, Peterborough, N. H.
Rev. James A. Flynn, Biddeford, Me.
Rev. John J. McGinnis, Sanford, Me.
Bernard Corr, Boston, Mass.
Dr. W. D. Collins, Haverhill, Mass.
John F. Doyle, New York City.
W. J. Kelly, Kittery, Me.
Dr. W. H. A. Lyons, Portsmouth, N. H.
James H. McGlinchey, Portland, Me.
135

## INDEX.

- Adams, John, Diary of, 40.
- American-Irish Historical Society,
  - By-Laws, 13.
  - Constitution of, 7.
  - Executive Council, Duties of, 11.
  - Historiographer, Duties of, 11.
  - History of, 96.
  - Librarian-Archivist, Duties of, 11.
  - Membership in, 9.
  - Officers of, 101.
  - Organization of, 1.
  - President-General, Duties of, 10.
  - Secretary-General, Duties of, 10.
  - Vice-Presidents, Duties of, 10.
- Andrews, E. Benjamin, Letter of, 74.
- Anglo-Saxons, 82, 87.
- Berkely, George, Advent of, in New England, 16.
- Bolton, J. Gray, D. D., Letter of, 31.
- Brady, Rev. C. T., Letter of, 28.
- Brandon, E. J., Address of, 47.
- Brown University, Foundation of, 61.
  - Irish Contributions to, 72.
- Burgess, Prof. John W., Works of, 82.
- Cargill, Hugh, at Lexington and Concord, 50.
  - Grave of, 16.
- Carroll, Hugh J., Address of, 18.
- Cavaliers, Virginia, 71.
- Collins, Patrick A., Address of, 76.
- Conaty, Rt. Rev. T. J., Letter of, 24.
- Crimmins, John D., Reception by, 96.
- Cromwell, Policy in Ireland, 15.
  - Deportation of Irish to Massachusetts Bay, 89.
  - Settles his soldiers in Ireland, 92.
- Custis, G. W. P., Report of, on Irish in Continental Army, 49.
- De Courcey, C. A., Address of, 18.
- Donahoe, J. P., Letter of, 26.
- Du Chaillu, Paul B., Address of, 17.
- Emmet, Dr. Thomas Addis, Letter of, 24.
  - Address of, 81.
- English, Dr. Thomas Dunn, Letter of, 29.
  - Address of, 81.
- Field, Darby, Discoverer of the White Mountains, 17.
- Fiske, John, Criticism of, 83.
  - On advent of Scotch-Irish in America, 90.
- Flatley, P. J., Address of, 18.
- Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Letter from, 75.
- Gargan, Thomas J., Address of, 14.
  - Address of, 67.
- Green, Samuel Swett, Letter of, 26.
- Hastings, D. H., Letter of, 21.
- History, Some Ways in which, is Falsified, 81.
- Hoar, George F., Letter of, 28.
- Irishman, The, Ethnologically Considered, 50.
- James I and Ulster, 91.
- Johnstone, Governor, on Irish Friendship for American Colonists, 49.
- Knox, General, in Rhode Island, 60.
- Knox, John, Welcomes Irish Emigrants to Scotland, 94.
- 136Lawler, Thomas B., Address of, 62.
- Lawless, Joseph T., Work of, 73.
- Lee, Henry, on Irish Soldiers in Continental Army, 49.
- Linehan, John C., Address of, 17.
  - Paper of, on John Sullivan, 34.
- Lodge, Henry Cabot, Criticism of, 82.
- Londonderry, American soldiers from, at Bunker Hill, 88.
- Macarty, Charles, Founder of East Greenwich, R. I., 60.
- Maccarty, Rev. Mr., and Colonial patriots at Worcester, 50.
- McCoy, Rev. John J., Address of, 18.
  - Letter of, 31.
- Meade, Admiral, Letter of, 21.
  - Letter of, 33.
  - Death of, 54.
- Moseley, E. A., Letter of, 25.
  - Election of, 62.
- Moses, George H., Address of, 18.
- Motley, John Lothrop, on Agriculture in England and Scotland, 95.
- Murray, Thomas Hamilton, Report of, 20.
  - Address of, 59.
  - Paper of, 34.
  - Report of, 65.
- O’Beirne, James R., Address of, 79.
- O’Connell, J. D., Address of, 62.
- Olneys The, in Rhode Island, 61.
- O’Sullivan, John, Arrival of, in Massachusetts, 16.
- Petty, Sir W., on Population of Ulster, 92.
- Puritan, Mr. Lodge and the, 86.
- Robertson, John M., Address of, 68.
- Roche, James Jeffrey, Address of, 62.
- Roosevelt, Theodore, Letter of, 28.
- Ruggles, Henry Stoddard, Letter of, 23.
- Scotch-Irish, Myth of, 14.
  - The so-called, 16.
  - Thomas J. Gargan on, 68.
  - Joseph Smith on, 82.
  - At Bunker Hill, 88.
  - Among the Minute-Men, 89.
  - John Fiske on, 90.
- Shahan, Rev. T. J., Letter of, 23.
- Sheahan, Dennis H., Paper of, 69.
- Smith, Joseph, Address of, 17.
  - Report of, 19.
  - Paper of, 50.
  - Address of, 62.
  - Paper of, 81.
- Smith, Judge, Letter of, 23.
- Sullivan, James, Degree from Brown University, 60.
- Sullivan, John, in Massachusetts, 16.
  - Capture of powder at Newcastle by, 34.
  - Elected to Continental Congress, 38.
  - In Rhode Island, 60.
  - Capture of William and Mary, 88.
- Sullivan, Russell, Descendant of Gen. John Sullivan, 16.
- Tavism, Mr. Lodge and, 86.
- Temple, Judge, on Covenanter, Cavalier, and Puritan, 89.
- Toleration Act for Ireland, 91.
- Ulster, Intermarriages in, 91.
  - Population of, 92.
- Walker, Francis A., Letter of, 30.
- Walsh, Patrick, Letter of, 27.
- Washington, George, and the Irish, 73.
  - And his army, 88.

## TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES

1. Silently corrected typographical errors.
2. Retained anachronistic and non-standard spellings as printed.

    End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Journal of the American-Irish
    Historical Society (Vol. I), by Various

    *** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN-IRISH HISTORICAL SOCIETY (VOL. I) ***

    ***** This file should be named 56261-h.htm or 56261-h.zip *****
    This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
            http://www.gutenberg.org/5/6/2/6/56261/

    Produced by Larry B. Harrison and the Online Distributed
    Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This book was
    produced from images made available by the HathiTrust
    Digital Library.)

    Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
    will be renamed.

    Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
    one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
    (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
    permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
    set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
    copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
    protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
    Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
    charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
    do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
    rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
    such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
    research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
    practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
    subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
    redistribution.

    *** START: FULL LICENSE ***

    THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
    PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK

    To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
    distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
    (or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
    Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
    Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
    http://gutenberg.org/license).

    Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
    electronic works

    1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
    electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
    and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
    (trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
    the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
    all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
    If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
    Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
    terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
    entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.

    1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
    used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
    agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
    things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
    even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
    paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
    Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
    and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
    works.  See paragraph 1.E below.

    1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
    or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
    Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
    collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
    individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
    located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
    copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
    works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
    are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
    Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
    freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
    this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
    the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
    keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
    Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.

    1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
    what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
    a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
    the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
    before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
    creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
    Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
    the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
    States.

    1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:

    1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
    access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
    whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
    phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
    Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
    copied or distributed:

    This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
    almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
    re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
    with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license

    1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
    from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
    posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
    and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
    or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
    with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
    work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
    through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
    Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
    1.E.9.

    1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
    with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
    must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
    terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
    to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
    permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.

    1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
    License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
    work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.

    1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
    electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
    prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
    active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
    Gutenberg-tm License.

    1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
    compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
    word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
    distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
    "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
    posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
    you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
    copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
    request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
    form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
    License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.

    1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
    performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
    unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

    1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
    access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
    that

    - You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
         the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
         you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
         owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
         has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
         Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
         must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
         prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
         returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
         sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
         address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
         the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."

    - You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
         you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
         does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
         License.  You must require such a user to return or
         destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
         and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
         Project Gutenberg-tm works.

    - You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
         money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
         electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
         of receipt of the work.

    - You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
         distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.

    1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
    electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
    forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
    both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
    Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
    Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.

    1.F.

    1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
    effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
    public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
    collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
    works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
    "Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
    corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
    property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
    computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
    your equipment.

    1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
    of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
    Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
    Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
    Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
    liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
    fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
    LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
    PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
    TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
    LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
    INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
    DAMAGE.

    1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
    defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
    receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
    written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
    received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
    your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
    the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
    refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
    providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
    receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
    is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
    opportunities to fix the problem.

    1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
    in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER
    WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
    WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.

    1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
    warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
    If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
    law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
    interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
    the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
    provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.

    1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
    trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
    providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
    with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
    promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
    harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
    that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
    or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
    work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
    Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.

    Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm

    Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
    electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
    including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
    because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
    people in all walks of life.

    Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
    assistance they need, are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
    goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
    remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
    Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
    and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
    To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
    and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
    and the Foundation web page at http://www.pglaf.org.

    Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
    Foundation

    The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
    501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
    state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
    Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
    number is 64-6221541.  Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
    http://pglaf.org/fundraising.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
    Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
    permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.

    The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
    Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
    throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
    809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
    business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
    information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
    page at http://pglaf.org

    For additional contact information:
         Dr. Gregory B. Newby
         Chief Executive and Director
         gbnewby@pglaf.org

    Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
    Literary Archive Foundation

    Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
    spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
    increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
    freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
    array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
    ($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
    status with the IRS.

    The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
    charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
    States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
    considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
    with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
    where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
    SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
    particular state visit http://pglaf.org

    While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
    have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
    against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
    approach us with offers to donate.

    International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
    any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
    outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.

    Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
    methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
    ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations.
    To donate, please visit: http://pglaf.org/donate

    Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
    works.

    Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
    concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
    with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
    Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.

    Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
    editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
    unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
    keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.

    Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:

         http://www.gutenberg.org

    This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
    including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
    Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
    subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.